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Discerning the Influence of Cationic and Aromatic Amino Acid Identity on Biomolecular Condensates
Discerning the Influence of Cationic and Aromatic Amino Acid Identity on Biomolecular Cond...
Discerning the Influence of Cationic and Aromatic Amino Acid Identity on Biomolecular Condensates

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105200
ISBN  
9798297617704
DDC  
574.191
저자명  
Kidane, Aaron Kahsay.
서명/저자  
Discerning the Influence of Cationic and Aromatic Amino Acid Identity on Biomolecular Condensates
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
197 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Obermeyer, Allie C.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The crowded cellular milieu contains a dry weight of up to 90 percent macromolecules, with proteins making up 20 to 30 percent of that mass. Through billions of years of evolution, eukaryotic cells have developed internal membrane bound organelles that further organize the crowded cytosol, and separate incompatible reactions and processes. This high level of organization lends itself to efficient nutrient uptake, energy production, cell to cell signaling, protein folding, and macromolecule recycling. Although membrane-bound organelles have been widely studied since the mid 18th century, recent discoveries have uncovered the role of biomolecular condensates (BMC), also known as membraneless organelles (MBO), in a number of cellular functions.BMCs are defined by a dense region of macromolecules that spontaneously coalesce within cells. One of the chief phenomena that regulates condensate formation is liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), in which macromolecules will spontaneously demix from their environment and form highly dynamic, macromolecule-rich liquid droplets that are energetically separated from the surrounding dilute phase. The role of BMCs in RNA metabolism, mechanical and thermal stress responses, as well as heterochromatin packing in the nucleus has been widely studied. In addition, their aberrant role in a number of prion-related diseases has also been critically reported on.At the same time, our understanding of the molecular interactions underpinning BMC behavior has also gained a large degree of interest, with wide ranging advancements in our ability to understand and predict the biomacromolecules that are able to engage with and form BMCs. Some of the more common structural motifs that are found to promote phase separation are large disordered domains, highly charged blocks separated by uncharged or nonpolar regions, and the ability to complex with oppositely charged polymers; primarily RNA. Nevertheless, our understanding of the role primary amino acid content confers on condensate dynamics remains poorly understood.In this dissertation, I aim to uncover the specific role of aromatic and cationic side chain composition on BMC characteristics. To achieve these goals, I use in vitro assays composed of purified protein and RNA, as well as a BL21 strain of E. coli (NiCo21) as a model organism to study the impact of sequence-level cationic protein variants in a simple living system. I also created a panel of four engineered charge variant proteins (GFP(0) and GFP(+6)) derived from superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) with poly-lysine or poly-arginine tags appended to the C-terminus.I first investigated discrepancies within the phase boundary of the engineered proteins in complex with RNA due to the charge and sequence variations. I next uncovered the impact of non-covalent interactions on these condensates, using NaCl, 1,6-hexanediol, and urea to understand the role of simple electrostatics, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding, respectively. These studies revealed that although there are minimal changes in the initial phase boundary between arginine and lysine-based variants, there are significant increases to electrostatic interaction strength that is attributable to the change in amino acid composition. Hydrophobics played no role in the behavior of these engineered condensates and hydrogen bonding played an equivalent role across all constructs. I also found that the in vitro results were quantifiable and replicated in the E. coli experiments. I found that there was a higher ratio of protein in the condensate compared to the cytoplasm in GFP(+6) and arginine tagged variants compared to GFP(0) and lysine tagged variants. In addition, the percent of cells with condensates was found to increase along the same hierarchy. Using an RNA hairpin-specific ligand, I was able to observe mRNA co-localizing with GFP at the poles of cells that form condensates, while DNA was excluded and relegated to the midcell. Using Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) on cells with condensates, it was revealed that arginine-based condensates have a much slower recovery rate, and a smaller fraction of mobile protein, showing that protein mobility within the dense phase is lowered in arginine-based condensates.When expanding the scope from engineered condensates to endogenously phase separating proteins, I once again found that arginine promotes increased condensate formation relative to lysine. I also provide preliminary evidence that of the three aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), tryptophan promotes condensate formation in biological systems at a higher rate than the other two amino acids, and results in an overall reduction in protein mobility in the dense phase.In this dissertation, I provide evidence for rules to further understand the chemical grammar of BMC formation. These studies lay the foundation for the prediction of protein likely to engage with BMCs, and also provides crucial information for the design of synthetic membraneless organelles.
일반주제명  
Biophysics
일반주제명  
Chemical engineering
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
키워드  
Liquid-liquid phase separation
키워드  
Membraneless organelles
키워드  
Primary sequence
키워드  
Biomolecular condensates
기타저자  
Columbia University Cellular Physiology and Biophysics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a574.191
■1001  ▼aKidane,  Aaron  Kahsay.
■24510▼aDiscerning  the  Influence  of  Cationic  and  Aromatic  Amino  Acid  Identity  on  Biomolecular  Condensates
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a197  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Obermeyer,  Allie  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  crowded  cellular  milieu  contains  a  dry  weight  of  up  to  90  percent  macromolecules,  with  proteins  making  up  20  to  30  percent  of  that  mass.  Through  billions  of  years  of  evolution,  eukaryotic  cells  have  developed  internal  membrane  bound  organelles  that  further  organize  the  crowded  cytosol,  and  separate  incompatible  reactions  and  processes.  This  high  level  of  organization  lends  itself  to  efficient  nutrient  uptake,  energy  production,  cell  to  cell  signaling,  protein  folding,  and  macromolecule  recycling.  Although  membrane-bound  organelles  have  been  widely  studied  since  the  mid  18th  century,  recent  discoveries  have  uncovered  the  role  of  biomolecular  condensates  (BMC),  also  known  as  membraneless  organelles  (MBO),  in  a  number  of  cellular  functions.BMCs  are  defined  by  a  dense  region  of  macromolecules  that  spontaneously  coalesce  within  cells.  One  of  the  chief  phenomena  that  regulates  condensate  formation  is  liquid-liquid  phase  separation  (LLPS),  in  which  macromolecules  will  spontaneously  demix  from  their  environment  and  form  highly  dynamic,  macromolecule-rich  liquid  droplets  that  are  energetically  separated  from  the  surrounding  dilute  phase.  The  role  of  BMCs  in  RNA  metabolism,  mechanical  and  thermal  stress  responses,  as  well  as  heterochromatin  packing  in  the  nucleus  has  been  widely  studied.  In  addition,  their  aberrant  role  in  a  number  of  prion-related  diseases  has  also  been  critically  reported  on.At  the  same  time,  our  understanding  of  the  molecular  interactions  underpinning  BMC  behavior  has  also  gained  a  large  degree  of  interest,  with  wide  ranging  advancements  in  our  ability  to  understand  and  predict  the  biomacromolecules  that  are  able  to  engage  with  and  form  BMCs.  Some  of  the  more  common  structural  motifs  that  are  found  to  promote  phase  separation  are  large  disordered  domains,  highly  charged  blocks  separated  by  uncharged  or  nonpolar  regions,  and  the  ability  to  complex  with  oppositely  charged  polymers;  primarily  RNA.  Nevertheless,  our  understanding  of  the  role  primary  amino  acid  content  confers  on  condensate  dynamics  remains  poorly  understood.In  this  dissertation,  I  aim  to  uncover  the  specific  role  of  aromatic  and  cationic  side  chain  composition  on  BMC  characteristics.  To  achieve  these  goals,  I  use  in  vitro  assays  composed  of  purified  protein  and  RNA,  as  well  as  a  BL21  strain  of  E.  coli  (NiCo21)  as  a  model  organism  to  study  the  impact  of  sequence-level  cationic  protein  variants  in  a  simple  living  system.  I  also  created  a  panel  of  four  engineered  charge  variant  proteins  (GFP(0)  and  GFP(+6))  derived  from  superfolder  green  fluorescent  protein  (sfGFP)  with  poly-lysine  or  poly-arginine  tags  appended  to  the  C-terminus.I  first  investigated  discrepancies  within  the  phase  boundary  of  the  engineered  proteins  in  complex  with  RNA  due  to  the  charge  and  sequence  variations.  I  next  uncovered  the  impact  of  non-covalent  interactions  on  these  condensates,  using  NaCl,  1,6-hexanediol,  and  urea  to  understand  the  role  of  simple  electrostatics,  hydrophobic  interactions,  and  hydrogen  bonding,  respectively.  These  studies  revealed  that  although  there  are  minimal  changes  in  the  initial  phase  boundary  between  arginine  and  lysine-based  variants,  there  are  significant  increases  to  electrostatic  interaction  strength  that  is  attributable  to  the  change  in  amino  acid  composition.  Hydrophobics  played  no  role  in  the  behavior  of  these  engineered  condensates  and  hydrogen  bonding  played  an  equivalent  role  across  all  constructs.  I  also  found  that  the  in  vitro  results  were  quantifiable  and  replicated  in  the  E.  coli  experiments.  I  found  that  there  was  a  higher  ratio  of  protein  in  the  condensate  compared  to  the  cytoplasm  in  GFP(+6)  and  arginine  tagged  variants  compared  to  GFP(0)  and  lysine  tagged  variants.  In  addition,  the  percent  of  cells  with  condensates  was  found  to  increase  along  the  same  hierarchy.  Using  an  RNA  hairpin-specific  ligand,  I  was  able  to  observe  mRNA  co-localizing  with  GFP  at  the  poles  of  cells  that  form  condensates,  while  DNA  was  excluded  and  relegated  to  the  midcell.  Using  Fluorescent  Recovery  After  Photobleaching  (FRAP)  on  cells  with  condensates,  it  was  revealed  that  arginine-based  condensates  have  a  much  slower  recovery  rate,  and  a  smaller  fraction  of  mobile  protein,  showing  that  protein  mobility  within  the  dense  phase  is  lowered  in  arginine-based  condensates.When  expanding  the  scope  from  engineered  condensates  to  endogenously  phase  separating  proteins,  I  once  again  found  that  arginine  promotes  increased  condensate  formation  relative  to  lysine.  I  also  provide  preliminary  evidence  that  of  the  three  aromatic  amino  acids  (phenylalanine,  tryptophan,  and  tyrosine),  tryptophan  promotes  condensate  formation  in  biological  systems  at  a  higher  rate  than  the  other  two  amino  acids,  and  results  in  an  overall  reduction  in  protein  mobility  in  the  dense  phase.In  this  dissertation,  I  provide  evidence  for  rules  to  further  understand  the  chemical  grammar  of  BMC  formation.  These  studies  lay  the  foundation  for  the  prediction  of  protein  likely  to  engage  with  BMCs,  and  also  provides  crucial  information  for  the  design  of  synthetic  membraneless  organelles.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■650  4▼aChemical  engineering
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■653    ▼aLiquid-liquid  phase  separation
■653    ▼aMembraneless  organelles
■653    ▼aPrimary  sequence
■653    ▼aBiomolecular  condensates
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0542
■690    ▼a0719
■690    ▼a0379
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bCellular  Physiology  and  Biophysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359699▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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