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Molecular Approaches to Tick Genomics, Tick-Borne Pathogen Surveillance, and Human-Tick Exposure Risk
Molecular Approaches to Tick Genomics, Tick-Borne Pathogen Surveillance, and Human-Tick Ex...
Molecular Approaches to Tick Genomics, Tick-Borne Pathogen Surveillance, and Human-Tick Exposure Risk

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105202
ISBN  
9798263320348
DDC  
613
저자명  
Cassens, Jacob.
서명/저자  
Molecular Approaches to Tick Genomics, Tick-Borne Pathogen Surveillance, and Human-Tick Exposure Risk
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
255 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Oliver, Jonathan D.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose threats to public health. Tick populations have been expanding their geographic range globally, leading to substantial overlap between ticks, tick-borne pathogens, and human populations. The spread of these pathogens, coupled with the emergence of novel tick-borne pathogens, requires new strategies to monitor their distribution and genetic diversity. Further, their spread necessitates the expansion of surveillance approaches to capture the totality of factors contributing to tick-borne disease spread into human populations. However, current molecular surveillance approaches are limited in their ability to detect multiple pathogens circulating in tick populations, identify putative tick-borne pathogens, and unravel the contribution of tick genetic composition and diversity to variation in vectorial capacity. Thus, there remains an urgent need to couple interdisciplinary strategies spanning molecular biology, epidemiology, and evolutionary genetics to elucidate the compensatory mechanisms driving tick and tick-borne pathogen population dynamics.This thesis describes an integrated approach utilizing novel molecular surveillance methods to extend our understanding of tick-host-pathogen interactions. In Chapter 1, I discuss current approaches to investigating when, where, and how human populations encounter ticks in natural environments. This chapter places particular emphasis on areas that can be improved to more effectively predict and communicate population-specific risks, implement control strategies, and protect human populations. Next, I describe the utility of comparative genomics for elucidating the genetic basis of tick vectorial capacity, highlighting how advances in sequencing technology will help accelerate our understanding of tick genomics, evolution, and transgenic strategies for tick control. Finally, I elaborate on novel next-generation sequencing approaches for agnostic tick-borne pathogen surveillance and the potential to leverage these technologies for unbiased characterization of known, emerging, and putative tick-borne pathogens.In Chapter 2, I provide findings from a study that couples conventional epidemiological surveillance with molecular approaches to model individual-specific risks of encountering infected ticks among occupationally exposed populations. I expand findings from previous work to develop a model that captures heterogeneity in occupational tick exposure with field-derived tick-borne pathogen infection parameters. This study administered questionnaires to outdoor workers that perform their job responsibilities in tick habitats, sampled ticks from these habitats, and used a passive sampling model to estimate outdoor workers predicted probability of encountering infected ticks. Infected tick encounter probabilities were determined for the two most prevalent tick-borne pathogens in the US, Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These estimates are subsequently coupled with demographic information from survey responses to elucidate risk factors associated with elevated infected tick encounter probabilities.In the second study, described in Chapter 3, I present results from a whole genome sequencing study that investigates the genomic characteristics of genetically and phenotypically distinct blacklegged tick populations. Across three geographical locations (Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Texas), I demonstrate how nanopore sequencing can be coupled with advanced bioinformatic techniques to examine the genetic variation that segregates American and Southern blacklegged tick clades. These results are discussed in light of the implications of genomic diversity on phenotypic variation in tick vectorial capacity, and the potential link with variation in tick-borne disease incidence across the US. Further, I show how nanopore sequencing can recover, assemble, and annotate full-length mitochondrial genomes through native genomic sequencing, and expound on the phylogenetic relationships of hard ticks using maximum likelihood inference. Finally, I demonstrate how nanopore sequencing of blacklegged ticks can capture and recover complete endosymbiont genomes present in ticks, and place them in a phylogenetic context using maximum likelihood inference.In the final study, outlined in Chapter 4, I describe the benchmarking of nanopore adaptive sampling for tick-borne pathogen detection in naturally infected blacklegged ticks. This study couples conventional molecular amplification approaches with nanopore adaptive sampling to evaluate the diagnostic capability of nanopore sequencing for rapid, real-time molecular surveillance of tick-borne pathogens. I leveraged natural tick collections from Chapter 2 to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of nanopore adaptive sampling compared to PCR detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in blacklegged ticks. I demonstrate how bioinformatic post-processing of nanopore adaptive sampling data influences the computation of diagnostic criteria and provide recommendations to improve certain criteria through refined laboratory procedures and computational considerations. Ultimately, these studies provide alternative molecular approaches to investigate tick-host-pathogen interactions for enhanced surveillance of tick-borne pathogens. The findings from these studies demonstrate numerous potential opportunities to augment conventional surveillance with novel molecular techniques, such as nanopore sequencing, by generating robust genomic datasets to improve our understanding of tick and tick-borne pathogen population dynamics. These results emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to deepen our understanding of tick-host-pathogen interactions, which will aid in the development of novel strategies to prevent and mitigate tick-borne pathogen transmission.
일반주제명  
Environmental health
일반주제명  
Pathology
일반주제명  
Evolution & development
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Borrelia burgdorferi
키워드  
Evolution
키워드  
Genomics
키워드  
Ixodes scapularis
키워드  
Tick-borne pathogens
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Environmental Health
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aCassens,  Jacob.
■24510▼aMolecular  Approaches  to  Tick  Genomics,  Tick-Borne  Pathogen  Surveillance,  and  Human-Tick  Exposure  Risk
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a255  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Oliver,  Jonathan  D.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2025.
■520    ▼aTicks  and  tick-borne  pathogens  pose  threats  to  public  health.  Tick  populations  have  been  expanding  their  geographic  range  globally,  leading  to  substantial  overlap  between  ticks,  tick-borne  pathogens,  and  human  populations.  The  spread  of  these  pathogens,  coupled  with  the  emergence  of  novel  tick-borne  pathogens,  requires  new  strategies  to  monitor  their  distribution  and  genetic  diversity.  Further,  their  spread  necessitates  the  expansion  of  surveillance  approaches  to  capture  the  totality  of  factors  contributing  to  tick-borne  disease  spread  into  human  populations.  However,  current  molecular  surveillance  approaches  are  limited  in  their  ability  to  detect  multiple  pathogens  circulating  in  tick  populations,  identify  putative  tick-borne  pathogens,  and  unravel  the  contribution  of  tick  genetic  composition  and  diversity  to  variation  in  vectorial  capacity.  Thus,  there  remains  an  urgent  need  to  couple  interdisciplinary  strategies  spanning  molecular  biology,  epidemiology,  and  evolutionary  genetics  to  elucidate  the  compensatory  mechanisms  driving  tick  and  tick-borne  pathogen  population  dynamics.This  thesis  describes  an  integrated  approach  utilizing  novel  molecular  surveillance  methods  to  extend  our  understanding  of  tick-host-pathogen  interactions.  In  Chapter  1,  I  discuss  current  approaches  to  investigating  when,  where,  and  how  human  populations  encounter  ticks  in  natural  environments.  This  chapter  places  particular  emphasis  on  areas  that  can  be  improved  to  more  effectively  predict  and  communicate  population-specific  risks,  implement  control  strategies,  and  protect  human  populations.  Next,  I  describe  the  utility  of  comparative  genomics  for  elucidating  the  genetic  basis  of  tick  vectorial  capacity,  highlighting  how  advances  in  sequencing  technology  will  help  accelerate  our  understanding  of  tick  genomics,  evolution,  and  transgenic  strategies  for  tick  control.  Finally,  I  elaborate  on  novel  next-generation  sequencing  approaches  for  agnostic  tick-borne  pathogen  surveillance  and  the  potential  to  leverage  these  technologies  for  unbiased  characterization  of  known,  emerging,  and  putative  tick-borne  pathogens.In  Chapter  2,  I  provide  findings  from  a  study  that  couples  conventional  epidemiological  surveillance  with  molecular  approaches  to  model  individual-specific  risks  of  encountering  infected  ticks  among  occupationally  exposed  populations.  I  expand  findings  from  previous  work  to  develop  a  model  that  captures  heterogeneity  in  occupational  tick  exposure  with  field-derived  tick-borne  pathogen  infection  parameters.  This  study  administered  questionnaires  to  outdoor  workers  that  perform  their  job  responsibilities  in  tick  habitats,  sampled  ticks  from  these  habitats,  and  used  a  passive  sampling  model  to  estimate  outdoor  workers  predicted  probability  of  encountering  infected  ticks.  Infected  tick  encounter  probabilities  were  determined  for  the  two  most  prevalent  tick-borne  pathogens  in  the  US,  Borrelia  burgdorferi  and  Anaplasma  phagocytophilum.  These  estimates  are  subsequently  coupled  with  demographic  information  from  survey  responses  to  elucidate  risk  factors  associated  with  elevated  infected  tick  encounter  probabilities.In  the  second  study,  described  in  Chapter  3,  I  present  results  from  a  whole  genome  sequencing  study  that  investigates  the  genomic  characteristics  of  genetically  and  phenotypically  distinct  blacklegged  tick  populations.  Across  three  geographical  locations  (Minnesota,  Pennsylvania,  and  Texas),  I  demonstrate  how  nanopore  sequencing  can  be  coupled  with  advanced  bioinformatic  techniques  to  examine  the  genetic  variation  that  segregates  American  and  Southern  blacklegged  tick  clades.  These  results  are  discussed  in  light  of  the  implications  of  genomic  diversity  on  phenotypic  variation  in  tick  vectorial  capacity,  and  the  potential  link  with  variation  in  tick-borne  disease  incidence  across  the  US.  Further,  I  show  how  nanopore  sequencing  can  recover,  assemble,  and  annotate  full-length  mitochondrial  genomes  through  native  genomic  sequencing,  and  expound  on  the  phylogenetic  relationships  of  hard  ticks  using  maximum  likelihood  inference.  Finally,  I  demonstrate  how  nanopore  sequencing  of  blacklegged  ticks  can  capture  and  recover  complete  endosymbiont  genomes  present  in  ticks,  and  place  them  in  a  phylogenetic  context  using  maximum  likelihood  inference.In  the  final  study,  outlined  in  Chapter  4,  I  describe  the  benchmarking  of  nanopore  adaptive  sampling  for  tick-borne  pathogen  detection  in  naturally  infected  blacklegged  ticks.  This  study  couples  conventional  molecular  amplification  approaches  with  nanopore  adaptive  sampling  to  evaluate  the  diagnostic  capability  of  nanopore  sequencing  for  rapid,  real-time  molecular  surveillance  of  tick-borne  pathogens.  I  leveraged  natural  tick  collections  from  Chapter  2  to  evaluate  the  sensitivity,  specificity,  accuracy,  negative  predictive  value,  and  positive  predictive  value  of  nanopore  adaptive  sampling  compared  to  PCR  detection  of  Borrelia  burgdorferi  in  blacklegged  ticks.  I  demonstrate  how  bioinformatic  post-processing  of  nanopore  adaptive  sampling  data  influences  the  computation  of  diagnostic  criteria  and  provide  recommendations  to  improve  certain  criteria  through  refined  laboratory  procedures  and  computational  considerations.  Ultimately,  these  studies  provide  alternative  molecular  approaches  to  investigate  tick-host-pathogen  interactions  for  enhanced  surveillance  of  tick-borne  pathogens.  The  findings  from  these  studies  demonstrate  numerous  potential  opportunities  to  augment  conventional  surveillance  with  novel  molecular  techniques,  such  as  nanopore  sequencing,  by  generating  robust  genomic  datasets  to  improve  our  understanding  of  tick  and  tick-borne  pathogen  population  dynamics.  These  results  emphasize  the  need  for  interdisciplinary  collaboration  to  deepen  our  understanding  of  tick-host-pathogen  interactions,  which  will  aid  in  the  development  of  novel  strategies  to  prevent  and  mitigate  tick-borne  pathogen  transmission.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  health
■650  4▼aPathology
■650  4▼aEvolution  &  development
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aBorrelia  burgdorferi
■653    ▼aEvolution
■653    ▼aGenomics
■653    ▼aIxodes  scapularis
■653    ▼aTick-borne  pathogens
■690    ▼a0470
■690    ▼a0412
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0571
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bEnvironmental  Health.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359713▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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