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The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Microglia Immune Responses and the Link to ALS
The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Microglia Immune Responses and the Link to ALS
The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Microglia Immune Responses and the Link to ALS

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105202
ISBN  
9798297643208
DDC  
616
저자명  
Kabra, Khushbu.
서명/저자  
The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Microglia Immune Responses and the Link to ALS
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
277 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bradshaw, Elizabeth M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The role of cholesterol metabolism and lipid homeostasis in regulating immune cell function has been well-studied in the context of specific pathways, such as TLR signaling and interleukin signaling, particularly in cardio-metabolic diseases where inflammation plays a crucial role. We now know that lipid dysregulation is also a common feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanisms by which alterations in specific lipid species cause immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation are not well understood. Current studies to understand and develop a lipid 'signature' for neurodegenerative diseases have used patient plasma or CSF samples, and there is still a large gap in our understanding of these lipid alterations at a cellular level. To address this gap, we first sought to understand how lipid homeostasis, specifically cholesterol metabolism, is regulated by the uptake of different lipoproteins. We then investigated cholesterol-mediated regulation of immune responses in the brain, focusing on microglia-like cells. We found that cholesterol internalization mediated by HDL induces an increase in IL-1β secretion by driving cholesterol uptake and accumulation of free cholesterol. LDL, on the other hand, does so at higher concentrations and drives an increase in cellular triglyceride levels. Inhibiting the HDL-specific lipoprotein receptor SR-B1 was sufficient to reduce cholesterol uptake and cytokine expression in microglia stimulated with LPS. Finally, we investigated the role of cholesterol homeostasis in ALS, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuroinflammation and lipid dysregulation, and attempted to identify converging lipid pathways that may be driving pathology across different ALS mutations. We used shRNA knockdown to reduce the expression of six genes - three of these are well-known ALS-risk genes (TARDBP, FUS, and SOD1), and the other three are lipid genes that have been linked to cases of ALS (ERLIN2, SPTLC1, and TREM2). There were several overlapping alterations in lipid metabolism genes, specifically, we found cholesterol biosynthesis pathways to be downregulated in FUS, TARDBP, and ERLIN2 knockdowns. TARDBP knockdown had the most differentially expressed lipid metabolism genes in microglia-like cells. To understand the functional consequences of this, we measured lipid droplets, cholesterol uptake, triglyceride levels, and alterations in phagocytosis and cytokine expression in both TARDBP and FUS knockdowns. Our data showed significant accumulation of lipid droplets in both, driven by triglyceride accumulation. We further characterized the TARDBP knockdown and showed that nuclear depletion of TDP-43 results in increased fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis. Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis using DGAT enzyme inhibitors in TARDBP knockdown MDMi rescued most of the observed phenotypes, suggesting these alterations were driven by triglyceride accumulation.
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
키워드  
Cholesterol uptake
키워드  
Lipoproteins
키워드  
Microglia
키워드  
Triglycerides
기타저자  
Columbia University Nutritional and Metabolic Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aKabra,  Khushbu.
■24510▼aThe  Role  of  Lipid  Metabolism  in  Microglia  Immune  Responses  and  the  Link  to  ALS
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a277  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Bradshaw,  Elizabeth  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  role  of  cholesterol  metabolism  and  lipid  homeostasis  in  regulating  immune  cell  function  has  been  well-studied  in  the  context  of  specific  pathways,  such  as  TLR  signaling  and  interleukin  signaling,  particularly  in  cardio-metabolic  diseases  where  inflammation  plays  a  crucial  role.  We  now  know  that  lipid  dysregulation  is  also  a  common  feature  of  several  neurodegenerative  diseases,  including  Alzheimer's  disease  (AD),  Amyotrophic  lateral  sclerosis  (ALS),  and  Parkinson's  disease  (PD).  However,  the  exact  mechanisms  by  which  alterations  in  specific  lipid  species  cause  immune  dysfunction  and  neuroinflammation  are  not  well  understood.  Current  studies  to  understand  and  develop  a  lipid  'signature'  for  neurodegenerative  diseases  have  used  patient  plasma  or  CSF  samples,  and  there  is  still  a  large  gap  in  our  understanding  of  these  lipid  alterations  at  a  cellular  level.  To  address  this  gap,  we  first  sought  to  understand  how  lipid  homeostasis,  specifically  cholesterol  metabolism,  is  regulated  by  the  uptake  of  different  lipoproteins.  We  then  investigated  cholesterol-mediated  regulation  of  immune  responses  in  the  brain,  focusing  on  microglia-like  cells.  We  found  that  cholesterol  internalization  mediated  by  HDL  induces  an  increase  in  IL-1β  secretion  by  driving  cholesterol  uptake  and  accumulation  of  free  cholesterol.  LDL,  on  the  other  hand,  does  so  at  higher  concentrations  and  drives  an  increase  in  cellular  triglyceride  levels.  Inhibiting  the  HDL-specific  lipoprotein  receptor  SR-B1  was  sufficient  to  reduce  cholesterol  uptake  and  cytokine  expression  in  microglia  stimulated  with  LPS.  Finally,  we  investigated  the  role  of  cholesterol  homeostasis  in  ALS,  a  neurodegenerative  disease  characterized  by  neuroinflammation  and  lipid  dysregulation,  and  attempted  to  identify  converging  lipid  pathways  that  may  be  driving  pathology  across  different  ALS  mutations.  We  used  shRNA  knockdown  to  reduce  the  expression  of  six  genes  -  three  of  these  are  well-known  ALS-risk  genes  (TARDBP,  FUS,  and  SOD1),  and  the  other  three  are  lipid  genes  that  have  been  linked  to  cases  of  ALS  (ERLIN2,  SPTLC1,  and  TREM2).  There  were  several  overlapping  alterations  in  lipid  metabolism  genes,  specifically,  we  found  cholesterol  biosynthesis  pathways  to  be  downregulated  in  FUS,  TARDBP,  and  ERLIN2  knockdowns.  TARDBP  knockdown  had  the  most  differentially  expressed  lipid  metabolism  genes  in  microglia-like  cells.  To  understand  the  functional  consequences  of  this,  we  measured  lipid  droplets,  cholesterol  uptake,  triglyceride  levels,  and  alterations  in  phagocytosis  and  cytokine  expression  in  both  TARDBP  and  FUS  knockdowns.  Our  data  showed  significant  accumulation  of  lipid  droplets  in  both,  driven  by  triglyceride  accumulation.  We  further  characterized  the  TARDBP  knockdown  and  showed  that  nuclear  depletion  of  TDP-43  results  in  increased  fatty  acid  uptake  and  triglyceride  synthesis.  Inhibiting  triglyceride  synthesis  using  DGAT  enzyme  inhibitors  in  TARDBP  knockdown  MDMi  rescued  most  of  the  observed  phenotypes,  suggesting  these  alterations  were  driven  by  triglyceride  accumulation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■653    ▼aCholesterol  uptake
■653    ▼aLipoproteins
■653    ▼aMicroglia
■653    ▼aTriglycerides
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0487
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bNutritional  and  Metabolic  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359714▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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