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Essays on Economics of Media
Essays on Economics of Media
Essays on Economics of Media

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105202
ISBN  
9798297637511
DDC  
005
저자명  
Beknazar-Yuzbashev, Gevorg.
서명/저자  
Essays on Economics of Media
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
175 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Prat, Andrea.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation investigates how digital media platforms shape user behavior and social outcomes through advertising, content curation, and informal social norms. Across three essays, I study (i) how platforms effectively "price'' attention using advertising loads, (ii) how exposure to toxic content affects engagement and welfare, and (iii) whether informally compelled compliance with an emerging norm generates backlash. Together, the essays combine structural theory, a large-scale field experiment with a custom browser extension, and online experiments to provide causal and policy-relevant evidence on the economics of media.The first essay develops a simple model in which platforms choose advertising load while users choose time on platform, taking ad load and ad-match quality as given. In this framework, ad load functions as an implicit price on attention: higher loads raise marginal disutility and reduce time spent, while improvements in match quality offset this "price''. I test these predictions using a preregistered field experiment that recruited nearly two thousand U.S. Facebook users and installed a custom desktop browser extension capable of varying both the quantity of advertisements and the degree of microtargeting in participants' feeds. The extension recorded real-time exposure and behavior across three major platforms. I estimate treatment effects with a difference-in-differences design.The second essay uses the same experimental infrastructure to exogenously reduce exposure to toxic content on Facebook, Twitter/X, and YouTube by hiding posts flagged as toxic in real time. A difference-in-differences design quantifies the causal impact on engagement. I find that lowering toxicity decreases user engagement across multiple metrics; for example, average time spent on Facebook falls by roughly ten percent relative to baseline. Users partially substitute toward non-treated sites, indicating cross-platform spillovers. To probe mechanisms and welfare, I pair the field evidence with a preregistered survey experiment that separately varies toxicity and measures both click/reveal behavior and a reading task as a welfare proxy. The combined evidence indicates that toxicity can be engagement-enhancing but welfare-reducing, highlighting a wedge between platform incentives and user well-being.The third essay examines informal norm compliance and potential backlash. In an incentivized online experiment with politically conservative participants, I randomly apply "norm pressure'' by forcing subjects to support moderation outcomes they oppose, and I measure behavioral (investment) and attitudinal (affective thermometer) responses. In the full sample, I detect no statistically significant backlash on pivotal moderation choices or attitudes. However, effects become directionally larger -- and in some cases significant -- within a subsample where the pressure binds most tightly (a "uniform-vote'' setting), suggesting that compelled compliance can induce countervailing reactions among those most at odds with the target norm.Taken together, the essays deliver three conclusions. First, advertising loads act as shadow prices on attention: increasing loads or degrading match quality reduces engagement, and the resulting elasticities are economically meaningful for platforms' revenue choices and for regulators contemplating limits on personalization. Second, reducing exposure to toxic content causally lowers engagement and triggers substitution toward other sites, while welfare responses are mixed -- consistent with toxicity that propels use but does not improve users' well-being. Third, norm-based interventions need to account for for the potential backlash in areas unrelated to the norm itself.These findings speak to policy and design. Conceptually, they clarify how "free'' social media is priced through ad load and targeting; empirically, they quantify trade-offs platforms face between engagement, revenue, and welfare; and normatively, they caution that interventions relying on pressure rather than persuasion can backfire where disagreement is deepest. The dissertation thus offers a unified view of the economics of media in which platform levers (ads and curation) and social forces (norms) jointly determine behavior, welfare, and the scope for effective regulation.
일반주제명  
Web studies
키워드  
Digital media platforms
키워드  
Custom browser extension
키워드  
Microtargeting
기타저자  
Columbia University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aBeknazar-Yuzbashev,  Gevorg.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Economics  of  Media
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a175  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Prat,  Andrea.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  investigates  how  digital  media  platforms  shape  user  behavior  and  social  outcomes  through  advertising,  content  curation,  and  informal  social  norms.  Across  three  essays,  I  study  (i)  how  platforms  effectively  "price''  attention  using  advertising  loads,  (ii)  how  exposure  to  toxic  content  affects  engagement  and  welfare,  and  (iii)  whether  informally  compelled  compliance  with  an  emerging  norm  generates  backlash.  Together,  the  essays  combine  structural  theory,  a  large-scale  field  experiment  with  a  custom  browser  extension,  and  online  experiments  to  provide  causal  and  policy-relevant  evidence  on  the  economics  of  media.The  first  essay  develops  a  simple  model  in  which  platforms  choose  advertising  load  while  users  choose  time  on  platform,  taking  ad  load  and  ad-match  quality  as  given.  In  this  framework,  ad  load  functions  as  an  implicit  price  on  attention:  higher  loads  raise  marginal  disutility  and  reduce  time  spent,  while  improvements  in  match  quality  offset  this  "price''.  I  test  these  predictions  using  a  preregistered  field  experiment  that  recruited  nearly  two  thousand  U.S.  Facebook  users  and  installed  a  custom  desktop  browser  extension  capable  of  varying  both  the  quantity  of  advertisements  and  the  degree  of  microtargeting  in  participants'  feeds.  The  extension  recorded  real-time  exposure  and  behavior  across  three  major  platforms.  I  estimate  treatment  effects  with  a  difference-in-differences  design.The  second  essay  uses  the  same  experimental  infrastructure  to  exogenously  reduce  exposure  to  toxic  content  on  Facebook,  Twitter/X,  and  YouTube  by  hiding  posts  flagged  as  toxic  in  real  time.  A  difference-in-differences  design  quantifies  the  causal  impact  on  engagement.  I  find  that  lowering  toxicity  decreases  user  engagement  across  multiple  metrics;  for  example,  average  time  spent  on  Facebook  falls  by  roughly  ten  percent  relative  to  baseline.  Users  partially  substitute  toward  non-treated  sites,  indicating  cross-platform  spillovers.  To  probe  mechanisms  and  welfare,  I  pair  the  field  evidence  with  a  preregistered  survey  experiment  that  separately  varies  toxicity  and  measures  both  click/reveal  behavior  and  a  reading  task  as  a  welfare  proxy.  The  combined  evidence  indicates  that  toxicity  can  be  engagement-enhancing  but  welfare-reducing,  highlighting  a  wedge  between  platform  incentives  and  user  well-being.The  third  essay  examines  informal  norm  compliance  and  potential  backlash.  In  an  incentivized  online  experiment  with  politically  conservative  participants,  I  randomly  apply  "norm  pressure''  by  forcing  subjects  to  support  moderation  outcomes  they  oppose,  and  I  measure  behavioral  (investment)  and  attitudinal  (affective  thermometer)  responses.  In  the  full  sample,  I  detect  no  statistically  significant  backlash  on  pivotal  moderation  choices  or  attitudes.  However,  effects  become  directionally  larger  --  and  in  some  cases  significant  --  within  a  subsample  where  the  pressure  binds  most  tightly  (a  "uniform-vote''  setting),  suggesting  that  compelled  compliance  can  induce  countervailing  reactions  among  those  most  at  odds  with  the  target  norm.Taken  together,  the  essays  deliver  three  conclusions.  First,  advertising  loads  act  as  shadow  prices  on  attention:  increasing  loads  or  degrading  match  quality  reduces  engagement,  and  the  resulting  elasticities  are  economically  meaningful  for  platforms'  revenue  choices  and  for  regulators  contemplating  limits  on  personalization.  Second,  reducing  exposure  to  toxic  content  causally  lowers  engagement  and  triggers  substitution  toward  other  sites,  while  welfare  responses  are  mixed  --  consistent  with  toxicity  that  propels  use  but  does  not  improve  users'  well-being.  Third,  norm-based  interventions  need  to  account  for  for  the  potential  backlash  in  areas  unrelated  to  the  norm  itself.These  findings  speak  to  policy  and  design.  Conceptually,  they  clarify  how  "free''  social  media  is  priced  through  ad  load  and  targeting;  empirically,  they  quantify  trade-offs  platforms  face  between  engagement,  revenue,  and  welfare;  and  normatively,  they  caution  that  interventions  relying  on  pressure  rather  than  persuasion  can  backfire  where  disagreement  is  deepest.  The  dissertation  thus  offers  a  unified  view  of  the  economics  of  media  in  which  platform  levers  (ads  and  curation)  and  social  forces  (norms)  jointly  determine  behavior,  welfare,  and  the  scope  for  effective  regulation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aWeb  studies
■653    ▼aDigital  media  platforms
■653    ▼aCustom  browser  extension
■653    ▼aMicrotargeting
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0646
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04A.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359715▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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