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Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Algorithms, Data, and Society
Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Algorithms, Data, and Society
Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Algorithms, Data, and Society

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105545
ISBN  
9798265400840
DDC  
658
저자명  
Zhao, Zhanzhan.
서명/저자  
Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Algorithms, Data, and Society
발행사항  
[Sl] : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
225 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Randall, Dana.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Societal biases are systemic prejudices embedded in individuals' and institutions' collective beliefs, attitudes, norms, and behaviors. These biases, such as racial bias, ideological bias, and partisan bias, no matter explicit or implicit, are often deeply ingrained and can be reinforced by social, cultural, and structural factors. While computer scientists have made significant strides in quantifying biased patterns and developing mitigation strategies for relevant computer algorithms and internet applications, exploring the root causes of societal biases remain a challenging problem. Due to the complex nature and unpredictability of the emergent societal behaviors with limited data availability, many powerful algorithms and data analysis tools in computer science face limitations when addressing these issues.This thesis focuses on enhancing algorithms and data analytics tools for addressing societal biases. We take a multi-lens approach, combining algorithmic modeling, data analysis, and qualitative theory to gain comprehensive insights into three specific themes: the persistent residential segregation arising from racial homophily, ideological polarization exacerbated by reinforcements of beliefs, and non-responsiveness in political elections boosted by partisan redistricting policies. By integrating these different research methods, we aim to develop a deeper understanding of these equity-related social problems and propose system-level mitigation interventions.Drawing tools from probability and theoretical computer science, we first propose a rigorous approach to understand the possible causal mechanisms behind residential segregation. We proved how carefully architected placement of incentives, such as urban amenities, might worsen or mitigate segregation. In collaboration with regional planning scholars, we confirmed and enriched our theoretical findings using machine learning analysis and detected several distinct biased public amenity distribution patterns accompanying various severity of segregation across U.S. cities.Just as unintentional placements of public amenities may exacerbate segregation, we also use agent-based modeling to show the designs of highly personalized recommender algorithms to stimulate users' interests can contribute to the escalation of extreme polarization. Through our simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed novel designs of local recommendations that adaptively diversify and consider individual tolerance levels on reversing the polarization trend, even in the presence of extreme influencers and social pressure, highlighting the significance of tailored interventions that carefully leverage the power of diversity to promote inclusive dialogue and bridge ideological divides.Besides proposing system-level interventions to mitigate racial and ideological biases, we also make advances on generating fair baselines for evaluating potential partisan biases in political redistricting policies. By proposing a novel batched parallel tempering protocol with a proof of improvement in computational efficiency, we are able to sample policies from law requirements captured by probability distributions. Through the first extensive computational study on Georgia's congressional and state districting plans, we show that the enacted plans are much less responsive to changing electoral opinions than one should expect, even when accounting for both Voting Rights Act considerations and traditional redistricting criteria, and we localize areas that are most likely responsible.
일반주제명  
Behavior
일반주제명  
Segregation
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Ideology
일반주제명  
Inclusion
일반주제명  
Redistricting
일반주제명  
Society
일반주제명  
Prejudice
일반주제명  
Voting Rights Act
일반주제명  
Spatial analysis
일반주제명  
Election results
일반주제명  
State elections
일반주제명  
Multiculturalism & pluralism
일반주제명  
Governors
일반주제명  
Presidential elections
일반주제명  
Race
일반주제명  
Political science
일반주제명  
Sociology
기타저자  
Georgia Institute of Technology.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■0820  ▼a658
■1001  ▼aZhao,  Zhanzhan.
■24510▼aUnderstanding  and  Mitigating  Bias  in  Algorithms,  Data,  and  Society
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a225  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Randall,  Dana.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Georgia  Institute  of  Technology,  2023.
■520    ▼aSocietal  biases  are  systemic  prejudices  embedded  in  individuals'  and  institutions'  collective  beliefs,  attitudes,  norms,  and  behaviors.  These  biases,  such  as  racial  bias,  ideological  bias,  and  partisan  bias,  no  matter  explicit  or  implicit,  are  often  deeply  ingrained  and  can  be  reinforced  by  social,  cultural,  and  structural  factors.  While  computer  scientists  have  made  significant  strides  in  quantifying  biased  patterns  and  developing  mitigation  strategies  for  relevant  computer  algorithms  and  internet  applications,  exploring  the  root  causes  of  societal  biases  remain  a  challenging  problem.  Due  to  the  complex  nature  and  unpredictability  of  the  emergent  societal  behaviors  with  limited  data  availability,  many  powerful  algorithms  and  data  analysis  tools  in  computer  science  face  limitations  when  addressing  these  issues.This  thesis  focuses  on  enhancing  algorithms  and  data  analytics  tools  for  addressing  societal  biases.  We  take  a  multi-lens  approach,  combining  algorithmic  modeling,  data  analysis,  and  qualitative  theory  to  gain  comprehensive  insights  into  three  specific  themes:  the  persistent  residential  segregation  arising  from  racial  homophily,  ideological  polarization  exacerbated  by  reinforcements  of  beliefs,  and  non-responsiveness  in  political  elections  boosted  by  partisan  redistricting  policies.  By  integrating  these  different  research  methods,  we  aim  to  develop  a  deeper  understanding  of  these  equity-related  social  problems  and  propose  system-level  mitigation  interventions.Drawing  tools  from  probability  and  theoretical  computer  science,  we  first  propose  a  rigorous  approach  to  understand  the  possible  causal  mechanisms  behind  residential  segregation.  We  proved  how  carefully  architected  placement  of  incentives,  such  as  urban  amenities,  might  worsen  or  mitigate  segregation.  In  collaboration  with  regional  planning  scholars,  we  confirmed  and  enriched  our  theoretical  findings  using  machine  learning  analysis  and  detected  several  distinct  biased  public  amenity  distribution  patterns  accompanying  various  severity  of  segregation  across  U.S.  cities.Just  as  unintentional  placements  of  public  amenities  may  exacerbate  segregation,  we  also  use  agent-based  modeling  to  show  the  designs  of  highly  personalized  recommender  algorithms  to  stimulate  users'  interests  can  contribute  to  the  escalation  of  extreme  polarization.  Through  our  simulations,  we  demonstrate  the  effectiveness  of  our  proposed  novel  designs  of  local  recommendations  that  adaptively  diversify  and  consider  individual  tolerance  levels  on  reversing  the  polarization  trend,  even  in  the  presence  of  extreme  influencers  and  social  pressure,  highlighting  the  significance  of  tailored  interventions  that  carefully  leverage  the  power  of  diversity  to  promote  inclusive  dialogue  and  bridge  ideological  divides.Besides  proposing  system-level  interventions  to  mitigate  racial  and  ideological  biases,  we  also  make  advances  on  generating  fair  baselines  for  evaluating  potential  partisan  biases  in  political  redistricting  policies.  By  proposing  a  novel  batched  parallel  tempering  protocol  with  a  proof  of  improvement  in  computational  efficiency,  we  are  able  to  sample  policies  from  law  requirements  captured  by  probability  distributions.  Through  the  first  extensive  computational  study  on  Georgia's  congressional  and  state  districting  plans,  we  show  that  the  enacted  plans  are  much  less  responsive  to  changing  electoral  opinions  than  one  should  expect,  even  when  accounting  for  both  Voting  Rights  Act  considerations  and  traditional  redistricting  criteria,  and  we  localize  areas  that  are  most  likely  responsible.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0078.
■650  4▼aBehavior
■650  4▼aSegregation
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■650  4▼aIdeology
■650  4▼aInclusion
■650  4▼aRedistricting
■650  4▼aSociety
■650  4▼aPrejudice
■650  4▼aVoting  Rights  Act
■650  4▼aSpatial  analysis
■650  4▼aElection  results
■650  4▼aState  elections
■650  4▼aMulticulturalism  &  pluralism
■650  4▼aGovernors
■650  4▼aPresidential  elections
■650  4▼aRace
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■650  4▼aSociology
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0626
■71020▼aGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05A.
■790    ▼a0078
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360548▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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