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Advancing Precision Medicine: Harnessing Data From Diverse Sources and Individuals to Predict Medication Efficacy and Safety
Advancing Precision Medicine: Harnessing Data From Diverse Sources and Individuals to Pred...
Advancing Precision Medicine: Harnessing Data From Diverse Sources and Individuals to Predict Medication Efficacy and Safety

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202102941
ISBN  
9798314820957
DDC  
615
저자명  
Sun, Boguang.
서명/저자  
Advancing Precision Medicine: Harnessing Data From Diverse Sources and Individuals to Predict Medication Efficacy and Safety
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
123 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Straka, Robert J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약My research is centered on the integration of diverse data sources to develop predictive models aimed for individualized medication treatment. These sources include clinical studies and multi-omic data, as well as real-world data (RWD) such as electronic health records (EHRs). My passion for this research area stems from a deep-seated commitment to enhancing patient outcomes by optimizing medication selection and use. During my PharmD curriculum as an inpatient pharmacy intern, I had direct interactions with patients, documenting their medication-related inquiries and needs. It became evident that a one-size-fits-all approach is inadequate, and the key to improving medication outcomes lies in individualized therapy. This thesis demonstrates the following research projects: Deciphering medication exposure and response differences to address health disparities in underrepresented populations: warfarin dosing in Minnesota Hmong as an example (Chapter 2 and 3)Warfarin, a commonly prescribed anticoagulant, exhibits highly variable dosing among individuals. Our prior research on Hmong, an underserved and underrepresented East Asian subgroup, revealed unique pharmacogenomic (PGx) traits impacting their warfarin dosing. Analyzing data from two Hmong cohorts (n=236 and n=198), we found significantly higher CYP2C9*3 allele frequencies (18.9% vs. 3.0%) and lower predicted warfarin maintenance doses (19.8 vs. 21.3 mg/week) compared to other East Asians. These genetic differences, combined with non-genetic factors, result in distinct warfarin dosing requirements for Hmong individuals. In a subsequent retrospective cohort study using Minnesota Fairview EHR data from January 1 2016 to September 30, 2020, we compared Hmong (N=55) and East Asians (N=34) receiving warfarin. The results corroborated that Hmong required a lower warfarin maintenance dose, had more INR measurements, and a higher risk of bleeding events compared to other East Asians. This project focused on investigating variations in medication dosing and treatment outcomes by leveraging clinical and genetic data. This research focus was especially important for underserved populations, as they often receive treatments based on population averages, which can result in inefficacy or increased prevalence of side effects. Throughout this research, I became aware of the gap in high-quality data for underserved populations, primarily due to their limited participation in clinical studies. Recognizing this limitation, I turned my attention to the use of RWD with a particular emphasis on EHR data, as a feasible and reliable resource to compensate for the lack of clinical data available for analysis in underserved populations. Furthermore, I've come to appreciate the significance of employing combinatorial and multifactorial approaches to predictive modeling, rather than relying solely on genetic or clinical data. It has been widely acknowledged that machine learning (ML) is particularly useful for analyzing and predicting outcomes based on multidimensional features. These realizations have shaped my current research focus, centered on the mining of EHR data for medication efficacy and outcome modeling using advanced artificial intelligence (AI)/ML techniques. Leveraging multi-omic data to address variations in medication exposure and responses: a phase II clinical trial investigating Hmong's response to Vitamin C as potential Gout treatment based on genome and microbiome analysis (Chapter 4)Hmong men in Minnesota display a higher prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia. Despite conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin C as a treatment for gout, an exploration of its therapeutic potential based on an individual's multi-omic signature could unveil predictive markers for treatment success. In line with community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, we conducted a Phase II clinical trial with the primary goal of evaluating the impact of vitamin C on serum urate levels in Hmong adults, both with and without gout/hyperuricemia (Gout/HU).Enrolling a total of N=135 Hmong adults, including those with or without Gout/HU, participants provided comprehensive medical, demographic, dietary, and anthropometric information. Among the compliant participants (N=62), comprising N=36 with Gout/HU and N=25 as healthy controls, a regimen of vitamin C at 500mg twice daily for 8 weeks was administered. Pre- and post-treatment blood and urine samples were collected for urate measurements, alongside stool samples for assessing the gut microbiome. Salivary DNA was also obtained to explore genetic markers relevant to uric acid disposition.Preliminary analysis on the N=62 compliant participants indicates that vitamin C does not have a statistically significant impact on lowering serum urate levels in Hmong adults, irrespective of Gout/HU status. Ongoing analysis is anticipated to reveal clinical, genetic, and microbiome markers important for predicting an individual's response to Vitamin C in reducing serum urate.Optimizing identification and prediction of medication side effects using natural language processing (NLP) and (machine learning) ML: phenotyping and predicting statin muscle symptoms using EHR data as an example (Chapter 5 and 6)Around half of Americans aged 65 and above rely on statins to mitigate the risks of cardiovascular disease. Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) often lead to statin discontinuation and are documented in clinical notes within EHRs. NLP, a subfield of AI, is used to extract such real-world information within patients' EHRs, which, in turn, can be utilized to build ML algorithms that can predict patients at risk for SAMS and statin intolerance. In this project, we aimed to develop SAMS phenotyping and predicting algorithms using academic health center (AHC) - information exchange (IE) EHR data. Our approach involved obtaining structured and unstructured EHR data from statin users and manually establishing a gold standard set of SAMS cases and controls in 200 patients from clinical notes. We developed both ML and rule-based algorithms, considering various criteria such as ICD codes, statin allergy, creatine kinase elevation, and keyword mentions in clinical notes. The best-performing algorithm, the combined rule-based (CRB) algorithm, which integrated clinical notes and structured data criteria, achieved a precision of 0.85, recall of 0.71, and an F1 score of 0.77 against the gold standard set. Next, using our SAMS phenotyping algorithm, We identified SAMS cases and controls from Fairview EHR. We utilized the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression model to identify significant features for Pharmacological SAMS (PSAMS). PSAMS- Risk Stratification (PSAMS-RS) scores were calculated and the clinical utility of stratifying PSAMS risk was assessed by comparing hazard ratios (HR) between 4th versus 1st score quartiles. PSAMS cases were identified in 1.9% of the derivation and 1.5% of the validation cohorts. 16 out of 38 clinical features were determined to be significant predictors for PSAMS risk. Patients within the 4th quartile of the PSAMS-RS scores had an over sevenfold higher hazard for developing PSAMS versus those in the 1st quartile.This project initially developed and validated a rule-based algorithm for identifying pharmacological SAMS (PSAMS). Subsequently, we introduced the PSAMS-RS score, a user-friendly tool that stratifies patients' risk of developing PSAMS after initiating statin therapy. The tools developed from this project can help clinicians identify and predict potential SAMS-related statin noncompliance and therefore take preventative measures to improve statin adherence. As a majority of patient reported medication nonadherence events are documented within EHRs in unstructured data format, specific mining and interpreting such information using novel informatics tools such as NLP have clinical and translational impact as they provide more reliable information and therefore could compliment the developments of risk prediction models that are more accurate, and patient centered. While challenges remain, such as the need for external validation and uncertainty regarding the integration of these tools into routine clinical care, the future research will focus on leveraging ML and NLP to optimize the development and integration of predictive models in routine clinical care. 
일반주제명  
Pharmaceutical sciences
일반주제명  
Pharmacology
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
키워드  
Electronic health records
키워드  
Medication outcomes
키워드  
Natural language processing
키워드  
Pharmacogenomics
키워드  
Predictive modeling
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a615
■1001  ▼aSun,  Boguang.
■24510▼aAdvancing  Precision  Medicine:  Harnessing  Data  From  Diverse  Sources  and  Individuals  to  Predict  Medication  Efficacy  and  Safety
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a123  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Straka,  Robert  J.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2024.
■520    ▼aMy  research  is  centered  on  the  integration  of  diverse  data  sources  to  develop  predictive  models  aimed  for  individualized  medication  treatment.  These  sources  include  clinical  studies  and  multi-omic  data,  as  well  as  real-world  data  (RWD)  such  as  electronic  health  records  (EHRs).  My  passion  for  this  research  area  stems  from  a  deep-seated  commitment  to  enhancing  patient  outcomes  by  optimizing  medication  selection  and  use.  During  my  PharmD  curriculum  as  an  inpatient  pharmacy  intern,  I  had  direct  interactions  with  patients,  documenting  their  medication-related  inquiries  and  needs.  It  became  evident  that  a  one-size-fits-all  approach  is  inadequate,  and  the  key  to  improving  medication  outcomes  lies  in  individualized  therapy.  This  thesis  demonstrates  the  following  research  projects: Deciphering  medication  exposure  and  response  differences  to  address  health  disparities  in  underrepresented  populations:  warfarin  dosing  in  Minnesota  Hmong  as  an  example  (Chapter  2  and  3)Warfarin,  a  commonly  prescribed  anticoagulant,  exhibits  highly  variable  dosing  among  individuals.  Our  prior  research  on  Hmong,  an  underserved  and  underrepresented  East  Asian  subgroup,  revealed  unique  pharmacogenomic  (PGx)  traits  impacting  their  warfarin  dosing.  Analyzing  data  from  two  Hmong  cohorts  (n=236  and  n=198),  we  found  significantly  higher  CYP2C9*3  allele  frequencies  (18.9%  vs.  3.0%)  and  lower  predicted  warfarin  maintenance  doses  (19.8  vs.  21.3  mg/week)  compared  to  other  East  Asians.  These  genetic  differences,  combined  with  non-genetic  factors,  result  in  distinct  warfarin  dosing  requirements  for  Hmong  individuals.  In  a  subsequent  retrospective  cohort  study  using  Minnesota  Fairview  EHR  data  from  January  1  2016  to  September  30,  2020,  we  compared  Hmong  (N=55)  and  East  Asians  (N=34)  receiving  warfarin.  The  results  corroborated  that  Hmong  required  a  lower  warfarin  maintenance  dose,  had  more  INR  measurements,  and  a  higher  risk  of  bleeding  events  compared  to  other  East  Asians. This  project  focused  on  investigating  variations  in  medication  dosing  and  treatment  outcomes  by  leveraging  clinical  and  genetic  data.  This  research  focus  was  especially  important  for  underserved  populations,  as  they  often  receive  treatments  based  on  population  averages,  which  can  result  in  inefficacy  or  increased  prevalence  of  side  effects.  Throughout  this  research,  I  became  aware  of  the  gap  in  high-quality  data  for  underserved  populations,  primarily  due  to  their  limited  participation  in  clinical  studies.  Recognizing  this  limitation,  I  turned  my  attention  to  the  use  of  RWD  with  a  particular  emphasis  on  EHR  data,  as  a  feasible  and  reliable  resource  to  compensate  for  the  lack of  clinical  data  available  for  analysis  in  underserved  populations.  Furthermore,  I've  come  to  appreciate  the  significance  of  employing  combinatorial  and  multifactorial  approaches  to  predictive  modeling,  rather  than  relying  solely  on  genetic  or  clinical  data.  It  has  been  widely  acknowledged  that  machine  learning  (ML)  is  particularly  useful  for  analyzing  and  predicting  outcomes  based  on  multidimensional  features.  These  realizations  have  shaped  my  current  research  focus,  centered  on  the  mining  of  EHR  data  for  medication  efficacy  and  outcome  modeling  using  advanced  artificial  intelligence  (AI)/ML  techniques. Leveraging  multi-omic  data  to  address  variations  in  medication  exposure  and  responses:  a  phase  II  clinical  trial  investigating  Hmong's  response  to  Vitamin  C  as  potential  Gout  treatment  based  on  genome  and  microbiome  analysis  (Chapter  4)Hmong  men  in  Minnesota  display  a  higher  prevalence  of  gout  and  hyperuricemia.  Despite  conflicting  evidence  regarding  the  efficacy  of  vitamin  C  as  a  treatment  for  gout,  an  exploration  of  its  therapeutic  potential  based  on  an  individual's  multi-omic  signature  could  unveil  predictive  markers  for  treatment  success.  In  line  with  community-based  participatory  research  (CBPR)  principles,  we  conducted  a  Phase  II  clinical  trial  with  the  primary  goal  of  evaluating  the  impact  of  vitamin  C  on  serum  urate  levels  in  Hmong  adults,  both  with  and  without  gout/hyperuricemia  (Gout/HU).Enrolling  a  total  of  N=135  Hmong  adults,  including  those  with  or  without  Gout/HU,  participants  provided  comprehensive  medical,  demographic,  dietary,  and  anthropometric  information.  Among  the  compliant  participants  (N=62),  comprising  N=36  with  Gout/HU  and  N=25  as  healthy  controls,  a  regimen  of  vitamin  C  at  500mg  twice  daily  for  8  weeks  was  administered.  Pre-  and  post-treatment  blood  and  urine  samples  were  collected  for  urate  measurements,  alongside  stool  samples  for  assessing  the  gut  microbiome.  Salivary  DNA  was  also  obtained  to  explore  genetic  markers  relevant  to  uric  acid  disposition.Preliminary  analysis  on  the  N=62  compliant  participants  indicates  that  vitamin  C  does  not  have  a  statistically  significant  impact  on  lowering  serum  urate  levels  in  Hmong  adults,  irrespective  of  Gout/HU  status.  Ongoing  analysis  is  anticipated  to  reveal  clinical,  genetic,  and  microbiome  markers  important  for  predicting  an  individual's  response  to  Vitamin  C  in  reducing  serum  urate.Optimizing  identification  and  prediction  of  medication  side  effects  using  natural  language  processing  (NLP)  and  (machine  learning)  ML:  phenotyping  and  predicting  statin  muscle  symptoms  using  EHR  data  as  an  example  (Chapter  5  and  6)Around  half  of  Americans  aged  65  and  above  rely  on  statins  to  mitigate  the  risks  of  cardiovascular  disease.  Statin-associated  muscle  symptoms  (SAMS)  often  lead  to  statin  discontinuation  and  are  documented  in  clinical  notes  within  EHRs.  NLP,  a  subfield  of  AI,  is  used  to  extract  such  real-world  information  within  patients'  EHRs,  which,  in  turn,  can  be  utilized  to  build  ML  algorithms  that  can  predict  patients  at  risk  for  SAMS  and  statin  intolerance.  In  this  project,  we  aimed  to  develop  SAMS  phenotyping  and  predicting  algorithms  using  academic  health  center  (AHC)  -  information  exchange  (IE)  EHR  data.  Our  approach  involved  obtaining  structured  and  unstructured  EHR  data  from  statin  users  and  manually  establishing  a  gold  standard  set  of  SAMS  cases  and  controls  in  200  patients  from  clinical  notes.  We  developed  both  ML  and  rule-based  algorithms,  considering  various  criteria  such  as  ICD  codes,  statin  allergy,  creatine  kinase  elevation,  and  keyword  mentions  in  clinical  notes.  The  best-performing  algorithm,  the  combined  rule-based  (CRB)  algorithm,  which  integrated  clinical  notes  and  structured  data  criteria,  achieved  a  precision  of  0.85,  recall  of  0.71,  and  an  F1  score  of  0.77  against  the  gold  standard  set.  Next,  using  our  SAMS  phenotyping  algorithm,  We  identified  SAMS  cases  and  controls  from  Fairview  EHR.  We  utilized  the  Least  Absolute  Shrinkage  and  Selection  Operator  regression  model  to  identify  significant  features  for  Pharmacological  SAMS  (PSAMS).  PSAMS-  Risk  Stratification  (PSAMS-RS)  scores  were  calculated  and  the  clinical  utility  of  stratifying  PSAMS  risk  was  assessed  by  comparing  hazard  ratios  (HR)  between  4th  versus  1st  score  quartiles.  PSAMS  cases  were  identified  in  1.9%  of  the  derivation  and  1.5%  of  the  validation  cohorts.  16  out  of  38  clinical  features  were  determined  to  be  significant  predictors  for  PSAMS  risk.  Patients  within  the  4th  quartile  of  the  PSAMS-RS  scores  had  an  over  sevenfold  higher  hazard  for  developing  PSAMS  versus  those  in  the  1st  quartile.This  project  initially  developed  and  validated  a  rule-based  algorithm  for  identifying  pharmacological  SAMS  (PSAMS).  Subsequently,  we  introduced  the  PSAMS-RS  score,  a  user-friendly  tool  that  stratifies  patients'  risk  of  developing  PSAMS  after  initiating  statin  therapy.  The  tools  developed  from  this  project  can  help  clinicians  identify  and  predict  potential  SAMS-related  statin  noncompliance  and  therefore  take  preventative  measures  to  improve  statin  adherence.  As  a  majority  of  patient  reported  medication  nonadherence  events  are  documented  within  EHRs  in  unstructured  data  format,  specific  mining  and  interpreting  such  information  using  novel  informatics  tools  such  as  NLP  have  clinical  and  translational  impact  as  they  provide  more  reliable  information  and  therefore  could  compliment  the  developments  of  risk  prediction  models  that  are  more  accurate,  and  patient  centered.  While  challenges  remain,  such  as  the  need  for  external  validation  and  uncertainty  regarding  the  integration  of  these  tools  into  routine  clinical  care,  the  future research  will  focus  on  leveraging  ML  and  NLP  to  optimize  the  development  and  integration  of  predictive  models  in  routine  clinical  care. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aPharmaceutical  sciences
■650  4▼aPharmacology
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■653    ▼aElectronic  health  records
■653    ▼aMedication  outcomes
■653    ▼aNatural  language  processing
■653    ▼aPharmacogenomics
■653    ▼aPredictive  modeling
■690    ▼a0572
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0564
■690    ▼a0419
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bExperimental  &  Clinical  Pharmacology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356512▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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