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The Economics of Pharmaceutical Line Extensions and Regulatory Policy
The Economics of Pharmaceutical Line Extensions and Regulatory Policy
The Economics of Pharmaceutical Line Extensions and Regulatory Policy

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103109
ISBN  
9798315711902
DDC  
614
저자명  
Phadke, Ishan.
서명/저자  
The Economics of Pharmaceutical Line Extensions and Regulatory Policy
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
127 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: McManus, Brian;Maini, Luca.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation consists of two essays, a primary and a supplementary, on the economics of pharmaceutical line extensions. The FDA grants a three-year market exclusivity period for reformulated versions of existing drugs, known as line extensions, upon their approval. This policy can incentivize manufacturers to delay the launch of improved drugs until the original formulation's patent nears expiration, depriving patients of earlier access to better treatments. Chapter 1 considers a more detailed structural approach that captures the manufacturer's dynamic problem on when to introduce a line extension and how they should price their products, given the current policy. I develop a dynamic model to analyze manufacturer pricing and launch timing strategies under various policies, assessing how removing delay incentives impacts overall welfare. Applied to the dementia drug market, my findings show that a "no exclusivity" policy enhances consumer welfare, even though it introduces the risk that some line extensions might not be developed due to reduced profitability. In contrast, providing "full exclusivity" after the original patent expires leads to significantly higher drug costs for insurers with minimal gains for consumers. Simulations indicate that line extensions with only minor quality improvements are most at risk of not being developed under a no exclusivity policy, which limits consumer welfare losses.Chapter 2 describes a simpler model that provides a high-level approximation of the costs of developing line extensions at a broader scale across all therapeutic classes. This work offers empirical estimates on the cost of developing line extensions but does not make use of the more sophisticated approach, at the cost of not explicitly modeling the individual manufacturer's timing trade-off. The benefit of this approach is that it allows for analysis across the universe of line extensions, rather than focusing on a specific case study. I view this analysis as a good starting point that helps policy makers address the question at hand in a timelier fashion, while still allowing for analysis that approximately captures the main objects of interest well. Both chapters provide a blueprint to potentially combine the two approaches used, to provide a richer analysis as to the consequences alternative reward policies may have if implemented. I believe this is a great avenue for future research, as more detailed data becomes available for researchers and policy makers, and these chapters provide a framework to allow the richer analysis to be conducted.
일반주제명  
Health sciences
키워드  
Drug pricing
키워드  
Health economics
키워드  
Industrial organization
키워드  
Innovation incentives
키워드  
Pharmaceuticals
기타저자  
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aPhadke,  Ishan.
■24510▼aThe  Economics  of  Pharmaceutical  Line  Extensions  and  Regulatory  Policy
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a127  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  McManus,  Brian;Maini,  Luca.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  two  essays,  a  primary  and  a  supplementary,  on  the  economics  of  pharmaceutical  line  extensions.  The  FDA  grants  a  three-year  market  exclusivity  period  for  reformulated  versions  of  existing  drugs,  known  as  line  extensions,  upon  their  approval.  This  policy  can  incentivize  manufacturers  to  delay  the  launch  of  improved  drugs  until  the  original  formulation's  patent  nears  expiration,  depriving  patients  of  earlier  access  to  better  treatments.  Chapter  1  considers  a  more  detailed  structural  approach  that  captures  the  manufacturer's  dynamic  problem  on  when  to  introduce  a  line  extension  and  how  they  should  price  their  products,  given  the  current  policy.  I  develop  a  dynamic  model  to  analyze  manufacturer  pricing  and  launch  timing  strategies  under  various  policies,  assessing  how  removing  delay  incentives  impacts  overall  welfare.  Applied  to  the  dementia  drug  market,  my  findings  show  that  a  "no  exclusivity"  policy  enhances  consumer  welfare,  even  though  it  introduces  the  risk  that  some  line  extensions  might  not  be  developed  due  to  reduced  profitability.  In  contrast,  providing  "full  exclusivity"  after  the  original  patent  expires  leads  to  significantly  higher  drug  costs  for  insurers  with  minimal  gains  for  consumers.  Simulations  indicate  that  line  extensions  with  only  minor  quality  improvements  are  most  at  risk  of  not  being  developed  under  a  no  exclusivity  policy,  which  limits  consumer  welfare  losses.Chapter  2  describes  a  simpler  model  that  provides  a  high-level  approximation  of  the  costs  of  developing  line  extensions  at  a  broader  scale  across  all  therapeutic  classes.  This  work  offers  empirical  estimates  on  the  cost  of  developing  line  extensions  but  does  not  make  use  of  the  more  sophisticated  approach,  at  the  cost  of  not  explicitly  modeling  the  individual  manufacturer's  timing  trade-off.  The  benefit  of  this  approach  is  that  it  allows  for  analysis  across  the  universe  of  line  extensions,  rather  than  focusing  on  a  specific  case  study.  I  view  this  analysis  as  a  good  starting  point  that  helps  policy  makers  address  the  question  at  hand  in  a  timelier  fashion,  while  still  allowing  for  analysis  that  approximately  captures  the  main  objects  of  interest  well.  Both  chapters  provide  a  blueprint  to  potentially  combine  the  two  approaches  used,  to  provide  a  richer  analysis  as  to  the  consequences  alternative  reward  policies  may  have  if  implemented.  I  believe  this  is  a  great  avenue  for  future  research,  as  more  detailed  data  becomes  available  for  researchers  and  policy  makers,  and  these  chapters  provide  a  framework  to  allow  the  richer  analysis  to  be  conducted.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0153.
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■653    ▼aDrug  pricing
■653    ▼aHealth  economics
■653    ▼aIndustrial  organization
■653    ▼aInnovation  incentives
■653    ▼aPharmaceuticals
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0566
■71020▼aThe  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0153
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356970▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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