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Dark Matter Couture: Designer Targets and Tailored Detectors for Next-Generation Searches
Dark Matter Couture: Designer Targets and Tailored Detectors for Next-Generation Searches
Dark Matter Couture: Designer Targets and Tailored Detectors for Next-Generation Searches

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103607
ISBN  
9798288863660
DDC  
530
저자명  
Ashour, Omar A.
서명/저자  
Dark Matter Couture: Designer Targets and Tailored Detectors for Next-Generation Searches
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
188 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Griffin, Sinead;Analytis, James.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Despite sustained efforts, direct detection of dark matter (DM) remains elusive. Propelled by cutting-edge advances in detector sensitivity and innovative proposals employing quantum materials, the search for DM has recently expanded to lower masses, encompassing well-motivated theories for light and ultralight candidates. However, detecting these low-mass candidates remains a formidable challenge, requiring target materials that exhibit measurable responses with just a few meV of energy deposition from dark matter scattering or absorption.State-of-the-art approaches for light DM detection face several challenges, including low-energy background discrimination, detection of single-phonons and single-magnons, and losses at the target-sensor interface. We address these challenges by proposing novel and complementary strategies from condensed matter physics: pressure-tunable targets and topological transition sensors.The first Chapter of this Dissertation provides a broad overview of DM and the effective field theory (EFT) we use to compute DM scattering rates from collective excitations in condensed matter systems. The second Chapter introduces relevant concepts from condensed matter theory, including the foundations of phonons and magnons within both classical and quantum formalisms. We detail several approaches for computing phonons and magnons from first-principles density functional theory (DFT), and close the Chapter by introducing topological insulators, a class of quantum materials central to most of the work we present.In the third Chapter, we explore how hydrostatic pressure---a well-established tool for tuning properties of condensed matter---presents a novel route for optimizing targets for light dark matter direct detection, specifically via phonons. Highly compressible solids are profoundly affected by pressure, and our results show that, in solid helium, the speed of sound and phonon frequencies are significantly enhanced by applying pressures up to 40 GPa. Our ab initio calculations illustrate how high pressure elevates helium from lacking single-phonon reach to rivaling leading candidates. Our findings establish pressure as an unexplored tuning knob for accessing lower dark matter mass regimes and suggest potential new avenues for background discrimination.In the fourth Chapter, we introduce topological transition sensors (TTSs), novel quantum sensors based on the bulk-boundary correspondence of topological insulators. Here, our DFT calculations show how phonons and magnons can transiently break bulk symmetries, gapping out topological surface states and driving a metal-insulator transition on the material's surface. We elucidate the unique advantages of TTSs for light DM detection and quantum sensing that complement conventional state-of-the-art cryogenic sensors. Further, we explore several readout schemes, and highlight the distinctive properties of TTSs, including directionality and quasiparticle selectivity.The fifth and sixth Chapters delve deeper into material realizations of TTSs in topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) for phonons and antiferromagnetic topological insulators (AFTIs) for magnons. We highlight the essential material properties for ideal TTS candidates, and thoroughly examine two material candidates, namely TCI Sr3PbO for phonons and AFTI VBi2Te2Se2 for magnons. These Chapters highlight many of the unique properties of TTSs that arise as a direct consequence of the interplay between the symmetries protecting the bulk topology and the quasiparticle-induced transient symmetry breaking. Further, we explore the inherent directionality of TTSs and illustrate the potential of doubly-topological materials for correlated multichannel sensing. Finally, in the seventh Chapter, we summarize our findings and explore future directions for tunable detectors and TTSs.
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics
일반주제명  
Particle physics
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry
키워드  
Dark matter detection
키워드  
Magnons
키워드  
Phonons
키워드  
Quantum materials
키워드  
Solid helium
키워드  
Topological insulators
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a530
■1001  ▼aAshour,  Omar  A.
■24510▼aDark  Matter  Couture:  Designer  Targets  and  Tailored  Detectors  for  Next-Generation  Searches
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a188  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Griffin,  Sinead;Analytis,  James.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aDespite  sustained  efforts,  direct  detection  of  dark  matter  (DM)  remains  elusive.  Propelled  by  cutting-edge  advances  in  detector  sensitivity  and  innovative  proposals  employing  quantum  materials,  the  search  for  DM  has  recently  expanded  to  lower  masses,  encompassing  well-motivated  theories  for  light  and  ultralight  candidates.  However,  detecting  these  low-mass  candidates  remains  a  formidable  challenge,  requiring  target  materials  that  exhibit  measurable  responses  with  just  a  few  meV  of  energy  deposition  from  dark  matter  scattering  or  absorption.State-of-the-art  approaches  for  light  DM  detection  face  several  challenges,  including  low-energy  background  discrimination,  detection  of  single-phonons  and  single-magnons,  and  losses  at  the  target-sensor  interface.  We  address  these  challenges  by  proposing  novel  and  complementary  strategies  from  condensed  matter  physics:  pressure-tunable  targets  and  topological  transition  sensors.The  first  Chapter  of  this  Dissertation  provides  a  broad  overview  of  DM  and  the  effective  field  theory  (EFT)  we  use  to  compute  DM  scattering  rates  from  collective  excitations  in  condensed  matter  systems.  The  second  Chapter  introduces  relevant  concepts  from  condensed  matter  theory,  including  the  foundations  of  phonons  and  magnons  within  both  classical  and  quantum  formalisms.  We  detail  several  approaches  for  computing  phonons  and  magnons  from  first-principles  density  functional  theory  (DFT),  and  close  the  Chapter  by  introducing  topological  insulators,  a  class  of  quantum  materials  central  to  most  of  the  work  we  present.In  the  third  Chapter,  we  explore  how  hydrostatic  pressure---a  well-established  tool  for  tuning  properties  of  condensed  matter---presents  a  novel  route  for  optimizing  targets  for  light  dark  matter  direct  detection,  specifically  via  phonons.  Highly  compressible  solids  are  profoundly  affected  by  pressure,  and  our  results  show  that,  in  solid  helium,  the  speed  of  sound  and  phonon  frequencies  are  significantly  enhanced  by  applying  pressures  up  to  40  GPa.  Our  ab  initio  calculations  illustrate  how  high  pressure  elevates  helium  from  lacking  single-phonon  reach  to  rivaling  leading  candidates.  Our  findings  establish  pressure  as  an  unexplored  tuning  knob  for  accessing  lower  dark  matter  mass  regimes  and  suggest  potential  new  avenues  for  background  discrimination.In  the  fourth  Chapter,  we  introduce  topological  transition  sensors  (TTSs),  novel  quantum  sensors  based  on  the  bulk-boundary  correspondence  of  topological  insulators.  Here,  our  DFT  calculations  show  how  phonons  and  magnons  can  transiently  break  bulk  symmetries,  gapping  out  topological  surface  states  and  driving  a  metal-insulator  transition  on  the  material's  surface.  We  elucidate  the  unique  advantages  of  TTSs  for  light  DM  detection  and  quantum  sensing  that  complement  conventional  state-of-the-art  cryogenic  sensors.  Further,  we  explore  several  readout  schemes,  and  highlight  the  distinctive  properties  of  TTSs,  including  directionality  and  quasiparticle  selectivity.The  fifth  and  sixth  Chapters  delve  deeper  into  material  realizations  of  TTSs  in  topological  crystalline  insulators  (TCIs)  for  phonons  and  antiferromagnetic  topological  insulators  (AFTIs)  for  magnons.  We  highlight  the  essential  material  properties  for  ideal  TTS  candidates,  and  thoroughly  examine  two  material  candidates,  namely  TCI  Sr3PbO  for  phonons  and  AFTI  VBi2Te2Se2  for  magnons.  These  Chapters  highlight  many  of  the  unique  properties  of  TTSs  that  arise  as  a  direct  consequence  of  the  interplay  between  the  symmetries  protecting  the  bulk  topology  and  the  quasiparticle-induced  transient  symmetry  breaking.  Further,  we  explore  the  inherent  directionality  of  TTSs  and  illustrate  the  potential  of  doubly-topological  materials  for  correlated  multichannel  sensing.  Finally,  in  the  seventh  Chapter,  we  summarize  our  findings  and  explore  future  directions  for  tunable  detectors  and  TTSs.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aCondensed  matter  physics
■650  4▼aParticle  physics
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry
■653    ▼aDark  matter  detection
■653    ▼aMagnons
■653    ▼aPhonons
■653    ▼aQuantum  materials
■653    ▼aSolid  helium
■653    ▼aTopological  insulators
■690    ▼a0611
■690    ▼a0798
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0494
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357841▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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