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Socially-Guided Allocation of Attention and the Memory Encoding of Spoken Language
Socially-Guided Allocation of Attention and the Memory Encoding of Spoken Language
Socially-Guided Allocation of Attention and the Memory Encoding of Spoken Language

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104853
ISBN  
9798288815577
DDC  
400
저자명  
Clapp, William Somers.
서명/저자  
Socially-Guided Allocation of Attention and the Memory Encoding of Spoken Language
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
146 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Sumner, Meghan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약It is now well established that memory representations of words are acoustically rich. Alongside this development, a related line of work has shown that the robustness of memory encoding varies widely depending on who is speaking. In this dissertation, I explore the cognitive basis of memory asymmetries at a larger linguistic level (spoken sentences), using the mechanism of socially guided attention allocation to explain how listeners dynamically shift cognitive resources based on the social characteristics of speech. This dissertation consists of three empirical studies designed to investigate the factors that pattern asymmetric memory for spoken language. In the first study, I explored specificity effects at the level of the sentence. While previous research on specificity has centralized the lexical item as the unit of study, I showed that talker-specific memory patterns are also robust at a larger linguistic level, making it likely that acoustic detail is fundamental to human speech perception more broadly. In the second study, I introduced a set of diverse talkers and showed that memory patterns vary widely within this group, and that the memorability of individual talkers is somewhat consistent across listeners. In the third study, I showed that memory behaviors do not depend merely on the speech characteristics of the talker or on the content of the sentence, but on the unique relationship between these two. Memory dramatically improved when semantic content of sentences was congruent with widely held social associations with talkers based on their speech, and this effect was particularly pronounced when listeners had a high cognitive load during encoding. These data collectively provide evidence that listeners allocate attentional resources on an ad hoc, socially guided basis. Listeners subconsciously draw on fine-grained phonetic information and social associations to dynamically adapt low-level cognitive processes while understanding spoken language and encoding it to memory. This approach positions variation in speech not as an obstacle to perception, but as an information source that humans readily recruit to aid in the seamless understanding of spoken language.
일반주제명  
Language
일반주제명  
Linguistics
일반주제명  
Phonetics
일반주제명  
False alarms
일반주제명  
Memory
일반주제명  
Acoustics
일반주제명  
Funding
일반주제명  
Speech
키워드  
Attention allocation
키워드  
Phonetic information
키워드  
Talkers
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■00520260202104853
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■020    ▼a9798288815577
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32200987
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanfordrj173mz2539
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a400
■1001  ▼aClapp,  William  Somers.
■24510▼aSocially-Guided  Allocation  of  Attention  and  the  Memory  Encoding  of  Spoken  Language
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a146  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Sumner,  Meghan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aIt  is  now  well  established  that  memory  representations  of  words  are  acoustically  rich.  Alongside  this  development,  a  related  line  of  work  has  shown  that  the  robustness  of  memory  encoding  varies  widely  depending  on  who  is  speaking.  In  this  dissertation,  I  explore  the  cognitive  basis  of  memory  asymmetries  at  a  larger  linguistic  level  (spoken  sentences),  using  the  mechanism  of  socially  guided  attention  allocation  to  explain  how  listeners  dynamically  shift  cognitive  resources  based  on  the  social  characteristics  of  speech.  This  dissertation  consists  of  three  empirical  studies  designed  to  investigate  the  factors  that  pattern  asymmetric  memory  for  spoken  language.  In  the  first  study,  I  explored  specificity  effects  at  the  level  of  the  sentence.  While  previous  research  on  specificity  has  centralized  the  lexical  item  as  the  unit  of  study,  I  showed  that  talker-specific  memory  patterns  are  also  robust  at  a  larger  linguistic  level,  making  it  likely  that  acoustic  detail  is  fundamental  to  human  speech  perception  more  broadly.  In  the  second  study,  I  introduced  a  set  of  diverse  talkers  and  showed  that  memory  patterns  vary  widely  within  this  group,  and  that  the  memorability  of  individual  talkers  is  somewhat  consistent  across  listeners.  In  the  third  study,  I  showed  that  memory  behaviors  do  not  depend  merely  on  the  speech  characteristics  of  the  talker  or  on  the  content  of  the  sentence,  but  on  the  unique  relationship  between  these  two.  Memory  dramatically  improved  when  semantic  content  of  sentences  was  congruent  with  widely  held  social  associations  with  talkers  based  on  their  speech,  and  this  effect  was  particularly  pronounced  when  listeners  had  a  high  cognitive  load  during  encoding.  These  data  collectively  provide  evidence  that  listeners  allocate  attentional  resources  on  an  ad  hoc,  socially  guided  basis.  Listeners  subconsciously  draw  on  fine-grained  phonetic  information  and  social  associations  to  dynamically  adapt  low-level  cognitive  processes  while  understanding  spoken  language  and  encoding  it  to  memory.  This  approach  positions  variation  in  speech  not  as  an  obstacle  to  perception,  but  as  an  information  source  that  humans  readily  recruit  to  aid  in  the  seamless  understanding  of  spoken  language.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aLanguage
■650  4▼aLinguistics
■650  4▼aPhonetics
■650  4▼aFalse  alarms
■650  4▼aMemory
■650  4▼aAcoustics
■650  4▼aFunding
■650  4▼aSpeech
■653    ▼aAttention  allocation
■653    ▼aPhonetic  information
■653    ▼aTalkers
■690    ▼a0679
■690    ▼a0290
■690    ▼a0986
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359235▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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