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Identifying Virulence Factors That Enable Salmonella typhi Replication in Human Macrophages
Identifying Virulence Factors That Enable Salmonella typhi Replication in Human Macrophage...
Identifying Virulence Factors That Enable Salmonella typhi Replication in Human Macrophages

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104853
ISBN  
9798288815928
DDC  
612
저자명  
Hamblin, Meagan.
서명/저자  
Identifying Virulence Factors That Enable Salmonella typhi Replication in Human Macrophages
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
143 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Huang, Kerwyn.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Bacterial pathogens use a variety of mechanisms to promote their own replication within a single host and dissemination to new hosts. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a bacterial pathogen that causes typhoid fever in humans and is not known to cause disease in any other host. Because this pathogen is human-restricted, the mechanisms underlying S. Typhi replication in humans specifically have been indirectly inferred by studying proxy animal models. Although models such as S. Typhimurium infections in mice have yielded valuable insights into typhoid fever pathogenesis, directly studying S. Typhi is required to uncover typhoidal-specific mechanisms of pathogenesis. The focus of this dissertation is to identify virulence factors that S. Typhi requires to replicate inside of human cells. Chapter 1 highlights the current understanding of S. Typhi pathogenesis, from the few S. Typhi studies available and insights gleaned from S. Typhimurium studies. The evolution and genetics of typhoidal Salmonella serovars is reviewed. The two Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS), which injects bacterial proteins into host cells, and known T3SS-dependent effectors present in the S. Typhi genome are reviewed. In Chapter 2, I investigate the roles of S. Typhi's two T3SSs during human macrophage infection and demonstrate that S. Typhi uses two T3SSs to replicate in human macrophages. Further, I demonstrate that both T3SSs contribute to virulence in a humanized mouse model of systemic typhoid fever. In Chapter 3, I identify which of S. Typhi's known T3SS effectors contribute to S. Typhi replication in human macrophages. I accomplish this by creating a collection of single effector knock-out strains of S. Typhi then performing a time-lapse microscopy screen of this strain collection to assess intracellular replication in THP-1 macrophages over time. This targeted screen of T3SS effectors reveals that PipB2 and SifA are required for S. Typhi replication in THP-1 macrophages. This study is the first demonstration of PipB2 being required for Salmonella intracellular replication to the best of my knowledge. PipB2 is known to be translocated through both T3SS-1 and -2 in S. Typhimurium, but SifA is only known to be translocated through T3SS-2. Given that both T3SSs are required for replication, and that SifA has a replication defect that is more severe and appears earlier than a T3SS-2 knockout, I then assess whether S. Typhi SifA translocation depends on T3SS-1 at 8 hours post-infection (h.p.i.), a time point in infection where a T3SS-2-null S. Typhi mutant does not have a significant intracellular replication defect. While previous studies have demonstrated that SifA is required for S. Typhimurium intracellular replication, this is the first study to directly demonstrate that S. Typhi also requires this effector, and further that SifA translocation into human macrophages is T3SS-1-dependent in this context. In Chapter 4, I leverage two machine-learning based algorithms to identify novel T3SS substrates from the S. Typhi genome. I identify six putative T3SS substrates that are present in typhoidal Salmonella serovars but absent in the commonly studied serovar S. Typhimurium. Using methods described in chapters 2 and 3, I find that one of these six putative effectors, T_RS14515, termed "TirA", contributes to replication in THP-1 macrophages. Further, I demonstrate that TirA is translocated into THP-1 macrophages as early as 2 h.p.i. and that TirA translocation is dependent on both T3SS-1 and -2. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses the gaps in the field addressed in this dissertation, summarizes the findings presented here, and highlights the significance of these findings towards advancing our understanding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi virulence.
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Infections
일반주제명  
Pathogens
일반주제명  
Vaccines
일반주제명  
Salmonella
일반주제명  
Mutation
일반주제명  
Bacteria
일반주제명  
Typhoid
일반주제명  
Genomes
일반주제명  
Flow cytometry
일반주제명  
Fever
일반주제명  
Inflammation
일반주제명  
Genes
일반주제명  
Virulence
일반주제명  
Membranes
일반주제명  
Cells
일반주제명  
Pandemics
일반주제명  
Immune response
일반주제명  
Microscopy
일반주제명  
Genetic engineering
일반주제명  
Bone marrow
일반주제명  
Pathogenesis
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Virology
키워드  
Salmonella enterica
키워드  
Human macrophage infection
키워드  
Fever
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aHamblin,  Meagan.
■24510▼aIdentifying  Virulence  Factors  That  Enable  Salmonella  typhi  Replication  in  Human  Macrophages
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a143  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Huang,  Kerwyn.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2023.
■520    ▼aBacterial  pathogens  use  a  variety  of  mechanisms  to  promote  their  own  replication  within  a  single  host  and  dissemination  to  new  hosts.  Salmonella  enterica  serovar  Typhi  (S.  Typhi)  is  a  bacterial  pathogen  that  causes  typhoid  fever  in  humans  and  is  not  known  to  cause  disease  in  any  other  host.  Because  this  pathogen  is  human-restricted,  the  mechanisms  underlying  S.  Typhi  replication  in  humans  specifically  have  been  indirectly  inferred  by  studying  proxy  animal  models.  Although  models  such  as  S.  Typhimurium  infections  in  mice  have  yielded  valuable  insights  into  typhoid  fever  pathogenesis,  directly  studying  S.  Typhi  is  required  to  uncover  typhoidal-specific  mechanisms  of  pathogenesis.  The  focus  of  this  dissertation  is  to  identify  virulence  factors  that  S.  Typhi  requires  to  replicate  inside  of  human  cells.  Chapter  1  highlights  the  current  understanding  of  S.  Typhi  pathogenesis,  from  the  few  S.  Typhi  studies  available  and  insights  gleaned  from  S.  Typhimurium  studies.  The  evolution  and  genetics  of  typhoidal  Salmonella  serovars  is  reviewed.  The  two  Type  III  Secretion  Systems  (T3SS),  which  injects  bacterial  proteins  into  host  cells,  and  known  T3SS-dependent  effectors  present  in  the  S.  Typhi  genome  are  reviewed.  In  Chapter  2,  I  investigate  the  roles  of  S.  Typhi's  two  T3SSs  during  human  macrophage  infection  and  demonstrate  that  S.  Typhi  uses  two  T3SSs  to  replicate  in  human  macrophages.  Further,  I  demonstrate  that  both  T3SSs  contribute  to  virulence  in  a  humanized  mouse  model  of  systemic  typhoid  fever.  In  Chapter  3,  I  identify  which  of  S.  Typhi's  known  T3SS  effectors  contribute  to  S.  Typhi  replication  in  human  macrophages.  I  accomplish  this  by  creating  a  collection  of  single  effector  knock-out  strains  of  S.  Typhi  then  performing  a  time-lapse  microscopy  screen  of  this  strain  collection  to  assess  intracellular  replication  in  THP-1  macrophages  over  time.  This  targeted  screen  of  T3SS  effectors  reveals  that  PipB2  and  SifA  are  required  for  S.  Typhi  replication  in  THP-1  macrophages.  This  study  is  the  first  demonstration  of  PipB2  being  required  for  Salmonella  intracellular  replication  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge.  PipB2  is  known  to  be  translocated  through  both  T3SS-1  and  -2  in  S.  Typhimurium,  but  SifA  is  only  known  to  be  translocated  through  T3SS-2.  Given  that  both  T3SSs  are  required  for  replication,  and  that  SifA  has  a  replication  defect  that  is  more  severe  and  appears  earlier  than  a  T3SS-2  knockout,  I  then  assess  whether  S.  Typhi  SifA  translocation  depends  on  T3SS-1  at  8  hours  post-infection  (h.p.i.),  a  time  point  in  infection  where  a  T3SS-2-null  S.  Typhi  mutant  does  not  have  a  significant  intracellular  replication  defect.  While  previous  studies  have  demonstrated  that  SifA  is  required  for  S.  Typhimurium  intracellular  replication,  this  is  the  first  study  to  directly  demonstrate  that  S.  Typhi  also  requires  this  effector,  and  further  that  SifA  translocation  into  human  macrophages  is  T3SS-1-dependent  in  this  context.  In  Chapter  4,  I  leverage  two  machine-learning  based  algorithms  to  identify  novel  T3SS  substrates  from  the  S.  Typhi  genome.  I  identify  six  putative  T3SS  substrates  that  are  present  in  typhoidal  Salmonella  serovars  but  absent  in  the  commonly  studied  serovar  S.  Typhimurium.  Using  methods  described  in  chapters  2  and  3,  I  find  that  one  of  these  six  putative  effectors,  T_RS14515,  termed  "TirA",  contributes  to  replication  in  THP-1  macrophages.  Further,  I  demonstrate  that  TirA  is  translocated  into  THP-1  macrophages  as  early  as  2  h.p.i.  and  that  TirA  translocation  is  dependent  on  both  T3SS-1  and  -2.  Finally,  Chapter  5  discusses  the  gaps  in  the  field  addressed  in  this  dissertation,  summarizes  the  findings  presented  here,  and  highlights  the  significance  of  these  findings  towards  advancing  our  understanding  of  Salmonella  enterica  serovar  Typhi  virulence.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aInfections
■650  4▼aPathogens
■650  4▼aVaccines
■650  4▼aSalmonella
■650  4▼aMutation
■650  4▼aBacteria
■650  4▼aTyphoid
■650  4▼aGenomes
■650  4▼aFlow  cytometry
■650  4▼aFever
■650  4▼aInflammation
■650  4▼aGenes
■650  4▼aVirulence
■650  4▼aMembranes
■650  4▼aCells
■650  4▼aPandemics
■650  4▼aImmune  response
■650  4▼aMicroscopy
■650  4▼aGenetic  engineering
■650  4▼aBone  marrow
■650  4▼aPathogenesis
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aVirology
■653    ▼aSalmonella  enterica
■653    ▼aHuman  macrophage  infection
■653    ▼aFever
■690    ▼a0719
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0410
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359236▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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