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Economic Security and Scalability in Decentralized Systems
Economic Security and Scalability in Decentralized Systems
Economic Security and Scalability in Decentralized Systems

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104854
ISBN  
9798288814839
DDC  
004.62
저자명  
Tas, Ertem Nusret.
서명/저자  
Economic Security and Scalability in Decentralized Systems
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
288 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Boneh, Dan;Tse, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Blockchain systems aim to decentralize Web platforms, thus preventing any single entity from imposing excessive fees or arbitrarily censoring content. They achieve decentralization through consensus protocols that replicate Web services across a fixed set of replicas. The security of these protocols is based on honesty assumptions that require sufficiently many replicas to remain non-faulty throughout the protocol execution. Recently, economic security, the ability to financially penalize faulty replicas, has emerged as a more appropriate notion of security for blockchains, where participants are often profit driven. In the first part of this thesis, we analyze the feasibility of achieving economic security in Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus protocols under various network models. As a requirement for economic security, PoS protocols are often designed to provide accountable safety, the ability to identify faulty replicas. We show that while accountable safety implies safety despite arbitrary network delays, no protocol producing a single ledger can simultaneously provide both accountable safety, and liveness against temporary crash faults. To address this dilemma, we propose a protocol that produces multiple nested ledgers with different properties. Finally, we show that upgrading accountable safety to economic security is impossible without minimal honesty assumptions and introduce a security sharing mechanism, in which a PoS protocol posts succinct timestamps to a more secure blockchain to attain optimal economic security. In the second part of this thesis, we design cryptographic protocols to address the blockchain trilemma, a well-known problem which states that achieving decentralization and security often hinders performance. Resolving this trade-off is essential for enabling a wide range of applications on top of blockchains, such as privacy-preserving computation and data storage, which demand high bandwidth and computational capacity. To this end, we first present a dynamic vector commitment scheme that optimally balances the resource requirements of replicas and clients, paving the way to scalability. We then develop a fair data-payment exchange protocol that leverages the blockchain as a decentralized escrow server while minimizing the data footprint on the chain. Finally, we propose an efficient batch decryption protocol with succinct decryption keys that protects user privacy without sacrificing performance.
일반주제명  
Protocol
일반주제명  
Input output
일반주제명  
Accountability
일반주제명  
Computer engineering
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
키워드  
Blockchain trilemma
키워드  
Proof-of-Stake
키워드  
Blockchain systems
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■00520260202104854
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798288814839
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32201001
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanfordtw825dq6153
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a004.62
■1001  ▼aTas,  Ertem  Nusret.
■24510▼aEconomic  Security  and  Scalability  in  Decentralized  Systems
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a288  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Boneh,  Dan;Tse,  David.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aBlockchain  systems  aim  to  decentralize  Web  platforms,  thus  preventing  any  single  entity  from  imposing  excessive  fees  or  arbitrarily  censoring  content.  They  achieve  decentralization  through  consensus  protocols  that  replicate  Web  services  across  a  fixed  set  of  replicas.  The  security  of  these  protocols  is  based  on  honesty  assumptions  that  require  sufficiently  many  replicas  to  remain  non-faulty  throughout  the  protocol  execution.  Recently,  economic  security,  the  ability  to  financially  penalize  faulty  replicas,  has  emerged  as  a  more  appropriate  notion  of  security  for  blockchains,  where  participants  are  often  profit  driven.  In  the  first  part  of  this  thesis,  we  analyze  the  feasibility  of  achieving  economic  security  in  Proof-of-Stake  (PoS)  consensus  protocols  under  various  network  models.  As  a  requirement  for  economic  security,  PoS  protocols  are  often  designed  to  provide  accountable  safety,  the  ability  to  identify  faulty  replicas.  We  show  that  while  accountable  safety  implies  safety  despite  arbitrary  network  delays,  no  protocol  producing  a  single  ledger  can  simultaneously  provide  both  accountable  safety,  and  liveness  against  temporary  crash  faults.  To  address  this  dilemma,  we  propose  a  protocol  that  produces  multiple  nested  ledgers  with  different  properties.  Finally,  we  show  that  upgrading  accountable  safety  to  economic  security  is  impossible  without  minimal  honesty  assumptions  and  introduce  a  security  sharing  mechanism,  in  which  a  PoS  protocol  posts  succinct  timestamps  to  a  more  secure  blockchain  to  attain  optimal  economic  security.  In  the  second  part  of  this  thesis,  we  design  cryptographic  protocols  to  address  the  blockchain  trilemma,  a  well-known  problem  which  states  that  achieving  decentralization  and  security  often  hinders  performance.  Resolving  this  trade-off  is  essential  for  enabling  a  wide  range  of  applications  on  top  of  blockchains,  such  as  privacy-preserving  computation  and  data  storage,  which  demand  high  bandwidth  and  computational  capacity.  To  this  end,  we  first  present  a  dynamic  vector  commitment  scheme  that  optimally  balances  the  resource  requirements  of  replicas  and  clients,  paving  the  way  to  scalability.  We  then  develop  a  fair  data-payment  exchange  protocol  that  leverages  the  blockchain  as  a  decentralized  escrow  server  while  minimizing  the  data  footprint  on  the  chain.  Finally,  we  propose  an  efficient  batch  decryption  protocol  with  succinct  decryption  keys  that  protects  user  privacy  without  sacrificing  performance.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aProtocol
■650  4▼aInput  output
■650  4▼aAccountability
■650  4▼aComputer  engineering
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■653    ▼aBlockchain  trilemma
■653    ▼aProof-of-Stake
■653    ▼aBlockchain  systems
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0464
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359244▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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