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Coupling of Deformation and Electronic Properties in Two-Dimensional Materials
Coupling of Deformation and Electronic Properties in Two-Dimensional Materials
Coupling of Deformation and Electronic Properties in Two-Dimensional Materials

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102932
ISBN  
9798291574034
DDC  
621
저자명  
Rakib, Tawfiqur.
서명/저자  
Coupling of Deformation and Electronic Properties in Two-Dimensional Materials
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
184 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Johnson, Harley T.;Ertekin, Elif.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a unique platform for studying the coupling between deformation and electronic properties due to their distinct mechanical and highly tunable electronic properties. As 2D materials have low bending stiffness compared to their high in-plane stiffness, they enable 3D deformation through bending, rippling, and crumpling. Isolated 2D materials can be assembled into multilayer van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures that feature moire patterns if the constituent 2D material layers are stacked in an incommensurable way. These layers are weakly bonded to each other by van der Waals interactions, allowing interlayer sliding and rotation. Moire patterns emerge due to the rotation between the layers and the period of the moire superlattice can be tuned by controlling the rotation or strain between the layers. This creates an exciting possibility of tuning the electronic properties of 2D materials by rotating or straining the 2D material layers relative to each other. This tunability platform leads to the formation of flat bands in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) at a specific angle of 1.08◦, opening the door to unconventional superconductivity and correlated states. Finally, the discovery of unconventional superconductivity at the "magic" angle in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) has stirred a lot of interest in the scientific community. In this doctoral thesis, I discuss a detailed investigation of the deformation mechanisms in 2D materials and elucidate the impact of deformation on the electronic properties of the 2D materials.In twisted bilayer graphene, the rigid rotation between individual graphene layers provides an approximate description of the bilayer symmetry. The interplay between the interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interaction energy and the intralayer elastic energy causes a structural relaxation in tBLG that favors the regions of commensurability. The effect of such relaxation in the low twist-angle regime of tBLG on the charge density field remains unexplored, owing to the huge computational cost associated with the electronic structure calculation of a tBLG supercell, containing tens of thousands of atoms. In the first investigation, I develop a computationally efficient framework for an approximate description of the charge density symmetry in low twist angle tBLG that explores the effect of structural relaxation on the electronic structure. This framework is based on a Fourier representation of the moire pattern in tBLG that reveals high intensity Bragg peaks in the diffraction pattern. The in-plane structural relaxation also leads to the appearance of low intensity satellite peaks. The framework incorporates these satellite peaks which reveals a transformation of symmetry in the charge density distribution from high to low twist angle tBLG.The second study focuses on the out-of-plane deformation or corrugation of tBLG, uncovering a slip-induced helical dislocation network that emerges in tBLG with large corrugation. Atomistic calculations highlight two distinct deformation modes: a breathing mode with small corrugation and a bending mode with one order larger corrugation magnitude compared to the breathing mode. The analysis reveals that bending mode deformation is more stable at low twist angles, as the energy savings due to interface energy exceeds the energy penalty due to the strain energy caused by the large out-of-plane deformation. This work provides a detailed picture of a helical dislocation structure in tBLG and establishes a direct connection between dislocation and deformation, emphasizing the importance of understanding dislocation mechanics in 2D materials.The third investigation investigates the existence of bending mode corrugation in tBLG in the presence of a substrate and finds that bending mode corrugation magnitude is suppressed due to substrate adhesion, but is still larger than that of breathing mode tBLG. The tBLG in the bending mode demonstrates partially filled states of the flat band structure, accompanied by a broken symmetry in the magic-angle regime. The distinction between low and high corrugation can also explain the observed evolution of the vibrational spectra of tBLG as a function of twist angle. The focus of this project is to study the effect of out-of-plane deformation on the electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene.In the fourth investigation, I study deformation of graphene in the graphene/BN (G/BN) heterostructures. Due to the low bending modulus of 2D materials, the in-plane strain applied to create the G/BN moire supercell is accommodated by out-of-plane deformation. Therefore, the corrugation magnitude in graphene changes as a function of the applied strain. Moreover, tight binding calculations demonstrate that the bandwidth of the bands near the Fermi level is tunable with corrugation. As the corrugation magnitude increases, the bandwidth of the bands near the Fermi level decreases, showing flat band formation. This study utilizes corrugation in graphene to develop an alternate path to flat bands and correlated states in graphene.The last study focuses on electromechanical coupling in ferroelectric α-In2Se3 membranes by bending the material. The theoretical investigation and atomic-resolution measurements elucidate the bending mechanism in α-In2Se3, revealing the emergence of distinct structural features - arcs and kinks - and their impact on the electrical polarization. Kink formation in α-In2Se3 is accompanied by a structural transformation that introduces ferroelectric domain walls. A critical bending angle is identified above which kink formation is more favorable in α-In2Se3. Lastly, transferring α-In2Se3 onto trenched substrates, kink-formation is designed to induce polarization switching at specific locations to demonstrate control over polarization. This work advances our understanding of the intricate coupling between electrical polarization and mechanical deformation, opening avenues for nanoscale domain manipulation in ferroelectric materials.In summary, this thesis uncovers a spectrum of phenomena in 2D materials, specifically graphene and ferroelectric α-In2Se3, spanning electronic, structural, and electromechanical realms. The collective insights presented in this thesis offer valuable contributions to the field of two-dimensional materials, enriching our comprehension of their behavior and potential applications.
일반주제명  
Mechanical engineering
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics
일반주제명  
Materials science
키워드  
2D materials
키워드  
Twisted bilayer graphene
키워드  
Helical dislocation
키워드  
Flat bands
키워드  
Ferroelectric
키워드  
Polarization
기타저자  
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Mechanical Sci & Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aRakib,  Tawfiqur.
■24510▼aCoupling  of  Deformation  and  Electronic  Properties  in  Two-Dimensional  Materials
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼c2023
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■300    ▼a184  p
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■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Johnson,  Harley  T.;Ertekin,  Elif.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign,  2023.
■520    ▼aTwo-dimensional  (2D)  materials  offer  a  unique  platform  for  studying  the  coupling  between  deformation  and  electronic  properties  due  to  their  distinct  mechanical  and  highly  tunable  electronic  properties.  As  2D  materials  have  low  bending  stiffness  compared  to  their  high  in-plane  stiffness,  they  enable  3D  deformation  through  bending,  rippling,  and  crumpling.  Isolated  2D  materials  can  be  assembled  into  multilayer  van  der  Waals  (vdW)  heterostructures  that  feature  moire  patterns  if  the  constituent  2D  material  layers  are  stacked  in  an  incommensurable  way.  These  layers  are  weakly  bonded  to  each  other  by  van  der  Waals  interactions,  allowing  interlayer  sliding  and  rotation.  Moire  patterns  emerge  due  to  the  rotation  between  the  layers  and  the  period  of  the  moire  superlattice  can  be  tuned  by  controlling  the  rotation  or  strain  between  the  layers.  This  creates  an  exciting  possibility  of  tuning  the  electronic  properties  of  2D  materials  by  rotating  or  straining  the  2D  material  layers  relative  to  each  other.  This  tunability  platform  leads  to  the  formation  of  flat  bands  in  twisted  bilayer  graphene  (tBLG)  at  a  specific  angle  of  1.08◦,  opening  the  door  to  unconventional  superconductivity  and  correlated  states.  Finally,  the  discovery  of  unconventional  superconductivity  at  the  "magic"  angle  in  twisted  bilayer  graphene  (tBLG)  has  stirred  a  lot  of  interest  in  the  scientific  community.  In  this  doctoral  thesis,  I  discuss  a  detailed  investigation  of  the  deformation  mechanisms  in  2D  materials  and  elucidate  the  impact  of  deformation  on  the  electronic  properties  of  the  2D  materials.In  twisted  bilayer  graphene,  the  rigid  rotation  between  individual  graphene  layers  provides  an  approximate  description  of  the  bilayer  symmetry.  The  interplay  between  the  interlayer  van  der  Waals  (vdW)  interaction  energy  and  the  intralayer  elastic  energy  causes  a  structural  relaxation  in  tBLG  that  favors  the  regions  of  commensurability.  The  effect  of  such  relaxation  in  the  low  twist-angle  regime  of  tBLG  on  the  charge  density  field  remains  unexplored,  owing  to  the  huge  computational  cost  associated  with  the  electronic  structure  calculation  of  a  tBLG  supercell,  containing  tens  of  thousands  of  atoms.  In  the  first  investigation,  I  develop  a  computationally  efficient  framework  for  an  approximate  description  of  the  charge  density  symmetry  in  low  twist  angle  tBLG  that  explores  the  effect  of  structural  relaxation  on  the  electronic  structure.  This  framework  is  based  on  a  Fourier  representation  of  the  moire  pattern  in  tBLG  that  reveals  high  intensity  Bragg  peaks  in  the  diffraction  pattern.  The  in-plane  structural  relaxation  also  leads  to  the  appearance  of  low  intensity  satellite  peaks.  The  framework  incorporates  these  satellite  peaks  which  reveals  a  transformation  of  symmetry  in  the  charge  density  distribution  from  high  to  low  twist  angle  tBLG.The  second  study  focuses  on  the  out-of-plane  deformation  or  corrugation  of  tBLG,  uncovering  a  slip-induced  helical  dislocation  network  that  emerges  in  tBLG  with  large  corrugation.  Atomistic  calculations  highlight  two  distinct  deformation  modes:  a  breathing  mode  with  small  corrugation  and  a  bending  mode  with  one  order  larger  corrugation  magnitude  compared  to  the  breathing  mode.  The  analysis  reveals  that  bending  mode  deformation  is  more  stable  at  low  twist  angles,  as  the  energy  savings  due  to  interface  energy  exceeds  the  energy  penalty  due  to  the  strain  energy  caused  by  the  large  out-of-plane  deformation.  This  work  provides  a  detailed  picture  of  a  helical  dislocation  structure  in  tBLG  and  establishes  a  direct  connection  between  dislocation  and  deformation,  emphasizing  the  importance  of  understanding  dislocation  mechanics  in  2D  materials.The  third  investigation  investigates  the  existence  of  bending  mode  corrugation  in  tBLG  in  the  presence  of  a  substrate  and  finds  that  bending  mode  corrugation  magnitude  is  suppressed  due  to  substrate  adhesion,  but  is  still  larger  than  that  of  breathing  mode  tBLG.  The  tBLG  in  the  bending  mode  demonstrates  partially  filled  states  of  the  flat  band  structure,  accompanied  by  a  broken  symmetry  in  the  magic-angle  regime.  The  distinction  between  low  and  high  corrugation  can  also  explain  the  observed  evolution  of  the  vibrational  spectra  of  tBLG  as  a  function  of  twist  angle.  The  focus  of  this  project  is  to  study  the  effect  of  out-of-plane  deformation  on  the  electronic  properties  of  twisted  bilayer  graphene.In  the  fourth  investigation,  I  study  deformation  of  graphene  in  the  graphene/BN  (G/BN)  heterostructures.  Due  to  the  low  bending  modulus  of  2D  materials,  the  in-plane  strain  applied  to  create  the  G/BN  moire  supercell  is  accommodated  by  out-of-plane  deformation.  Therefore,  the  corrugation  magnitude  in  graphene  changes  as  a  function  of  the  applied  strain.  Moreover,  tight  binding  calculations  demonstrate  that  the  bandwidth  of  the  bands  near  the  Fermi  level  is  tunable  with  corrugation.  As  the  corrugation  magnitude  increases,  the  bandwidth  of  the  bands  near  the  Fermi  level  decreases,  showing  flat  band  formation.  This  study  utilizes  corrugation  in  graphene  to  develop  an  alternate  path  to  flat  bands  and  correlated  states  in  graphene.The  last  study  focuses  on  electromechanical  coupling  in  ferroelectric  α-In2Se3  membranes  by  bending  the  material.  The  theoretical  investigation  and  atomic-resolution  measurements  elucidate  the  bending  mechanism  in  α-In2Se3,  revealing  the  emergence  of  distinct  structural  features  -  arcs  and  kinks  -  and  their  impact  on  the  electrical  polarization.  Kink  formation  in  α-In2Se3  is  accompanied  by  a  structural  transformation  that  introduces  ferroelectric  domain  walls.  A  critical  bending  angle  is  identified  above  which  kink  formation  is  more  favorable  in  α-In2Se3.  Lastly,  transferring  α-In2Se3  onto  trenched  substrates,  kink-formation  is  designed  to  induce  polarization  switching  at  specific  locations  to  demonstrate  control  over  polarization.  This  work  advances  our  understanding  of  the  intricate  coupling  between  electrical  polarization  and  mechanical  deformation,  opening  avenues  for  nanoscale  domain  manipulation  in  ferroelectric  materials.In  summary,  this  thesis  uncovers  a  spectrum  of  phenomena  in  2D  materials,  specifically  graphene  and  ferroelectric  α-In2Se3,  spanning  electronic,  structural,  and  electromechanical  realms.  The  collective  insights  presented  in  this  thesis  offer  valuable  contributions  to  the  field  of  two-dimensional  materials,  enriching  our  comprehension  of  their  behavior  and  potential  applications.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0090.
■650  4▼aMechanical  engineering
■650  4▼aCondensed  matter  physics
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■653    ▼a2D  materials
■653    ▼aTwisted  bilayer  graphene
■653    ▼aHelical  dislocation
■653    ▼aFlat  bands
■653    ▼aFerroelectric
■653    ▼aPolarization
■690    ▼a0548
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0611
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼bMechanical  Sci  &  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0090
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17366038▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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