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Pediatric Bacterial Infections and Sepsis in Bamako, Mali: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Potential Endotoxin Vaccine Impact
Pediatric Bacterial Infections and Sepsis in Bamako, Mali: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Po...
Pediatric Bacterial Infections and Sepsis in Bamako, Mali: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Potential Endotoxin Vaccine Impact

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103116
ISBN  
9798315744955
DDC  
614.4
저자명  
Still, William.
서명/저자  
Pediatric Bacterial Infections and Sepsis in Bamako, Mali: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Potential Endotoxin Vaccine Impact
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
149 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kotloff, Karen L.;Tapia, Milagritos D.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Background: Infections leading to sepsis cause substantial pediatric hospitalizations and deaths worldwide, and healthcare management is particularly difficult in highest-burden low-income settings such as Mali due to conflicting evidence of treatment effectiveness and mounting antibiotic resistance. Few studies describe region-specific burden of sepsis and sepsis management. Objectives: We aimed to (i) describe the burden of hospitalizations and deaths and (ii) assess the impact of supportive care therapies on in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis at l'Hopital Gabriel Toure (HGT), a tertiary care center in Bamako, Mali and (iii) evaluate the health impact and economic feasibility of an endotoxin vaccine if implemented in Bamako. Methods: We used a prospective cohort study to temporally describe etiology and case fatality of bacterial infections at HGT. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between supportive care therapies (antibiotics, fluids, and oxygen therapy) and in-hospital death. We estimated the health impact and economic feasibility of endotoxin vaccine (maternal, pediatric after birth, and joint scenarios) if implemented in Bamako. Results: Vaccine-preventable infection burden remains low at HGT, while proportions of patients with S. aureus and Gram-negative rods (GNR) and associated mortality have increased. No impact of antibiotics on mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR: 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90, 2.18) or fluids (aOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.65) was found, while supplemental oxygen was associated with increased odds of in-hospital death (aOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.50, 2.91). A maternal vaccination program was estimated to avert 569 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per birth cohort (95% CI: 243, 880), costing $127 per DALY averted (95% CI: $81, $301), and was the most cost-effective vaccine scenario. Conclusion: In-hospital mortality due to infections leading to sepsis has drastically risen and remains alarmingly high. Given no apparent benefit of current supportive therapies utilized, further study is needed to improve sepsis management and critical care. If efficacious endotoxin vaccine were licensed and administered maternally, it would be lifesaving and cost-effective if implemented.
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Pediatrics
키워드  
Endotoxin vaccine
키워드  
Limited medical resource settings
키워드  
Mali
키워드  
Pediatric bacterial infections
키워드  
Sepsis
기타저자  
University of Maryland, Baltimore Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aStill,  William.
■24510▼aPediatric  Bacterial  Infections  and  Sepsis  in  Bamako,  Mali:  Epidemiology,  Treatment,  and  Potential  Endotoxin  Vaccine  Impact
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Maryland,  Baltimore▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a149  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kotloff,  Karen  L.;Tapia,  Milagritos  D.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Maryland,  Baltimore,  2025.
■520    ▼aBackground:  Infections  leading  to  sepsis  cause  substantial  pediatric  hospitalizations  and  deaths  worldwide,  and  healthcare  management  is  particularly  difficult  in  highest-burden  low-income  settings  such  as  Mali  due  to  conflicting  evidence  of  treatment  effectiveness  and  mounting  antibiotic  resistance.  Few  studies  describe  region-specific  burden  of  sepsis  and  sepsis  management.  Objectives:  We  aimed  to  (i)  describe  the  burden  of  hospitalizations  and  deaths  and  (ii)  assess  the  impact  of  supportive  care  therapies  on  in-hospital  mortality  among  patients  with  sepsis  at  l'Hopital  Gabriel  Toure  (HGT),  a  tertiary  care  center  in  Bamako,  Mali  and  (iii)  evaluate  the  health  impact  and  economic  feasibility  of  an  endotoxin  vaccine  if  implemented  in  Bamako.  Methods:  We  used  a  prospective  cohort  study  to  temporally  describe  etiology  and  case  fatality  of  bacterial  infections  at  HGT.  Multivariable  logistic  and  Cox  regression  models  were  used  to  evaluate  associations  between  supportive  care  therapies  (antibiotics,  fluids,  and  oxygen  therapy)  and  in-hospital  death.  We  estimated  the  health  impact  and  economic  feasibility  of  endotoxin  vaccine  (maternal,  pediatric  after  birth,  and  joint  scenarios)  if  implemented  in  Bamako.  Results:  Vaccine-preventable  infection  burden  remains  low  at  HGT,  while  proportions  of  patients  with  S.  aureus  and  Gram-negative  rods  (GNR)  and  associated  mortality  have  increased.  No  impact  of  antibiotics  on  mortality  [adjusted  odds  ratio  (aOR:  1.40,  95%  confidence  interval  (CI):  0.90,  2.18)  or  fluids  (aOR:  1.27,  95%  CI:  0.97,  1.65)  was  found,  while  supplemental  oxygen  was  associated  with  increased  odds  of  in-hospital  death  (aOR:  2.09,  95%  CI:  1.50,  2.91).  A  maternal  vaccination  program  was  estimated  to  avert  569  disability-adjusted  life  years  (DALYs)  per  birth  cohort  (95%  CI:  243,  880),  costing  $127  per  DALY  averted  (95%  CI:  $81,  $301),  and  was  the  most  cost-effective  vaccine  scenario.  Conclusion:  In-hospital  mortality  due  to  infections  leading  to  sepsis  has  drastically  risen  and  remains  alarmingly  high.  Given  no  apparent  benefit  of  current  supportive  therapies  utilized,  further  study  is  needed  to  improve  sepsis  management  and  critical  care.  If  efficacious  endotoxin  vaccine  were  licensed  and  administered  maternally,  it  would  be  lifesaving  and  cost-effective  if  implemented.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0373.
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aPediatrics
■653    ▼aEndotoxin  vaccine
■653    ▼aLimited  medical  resource  settings
■653    ▼aMali
■653    ▼aPediatric  bacterial  infections
■653    ▼aSepsis
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0767
■690    ▼a0573
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Maryland,  Baltimore▼bEpidemiology  and  Preventive  Medicine.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0373
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357009▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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