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Large Carnivore Competition and Predation Dynamics in Northern Yellowstone
Large Carnivore Competition and Predation Dynamics in Northern Yellowstone
Large Carnivore Competition and Predation Dynamics in Northern Yellowstone

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103613
ISBN  
9798290912035
DDC  
574.5
저자명  
Rabe, Jack William.
서명/저자  
Large Carnivore Competition and Predation Dynamics in Northern Yellowstone
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
205 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bump, Joseph K.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Competition and predation are the most fundamental of species interactions, driving animal behavior, evolution, population dynamics, and, ultimately, the structure and function of ecosystems. Interactions between large carnivores and with their prey can have disproportionately large effects on ecosystem processes due to their position at the top of food chains. However, identifying the causal mechanisms underlying these interactions, and the impact they have on community structure, is complicated by the dynamic, context-dependent nature of species and ecosystems. In other words, no species interaction is created equal. Long-term research provides an avenue to tease apart these interactions and develop a more comprehensive understanding of communities to better inform the conservation and management of diverse ecosystems. I use a blend of camera-trap data and long-term wolf (Canis lupus) and cougar (Puma concolor) radio-collar data from northern Yellowstone National Park, USA to develop a more nuanced, mechanistic understanding of how competition and predation unfold in natural systems. First, I used predation data collected from visiting wolf and cougar GPS-location clusters during 2016-2022 to show that our ability to predict predation versus non-predation events is contingent upon variations in season, predator and prey characteristics, and the modeling approach used. Predation patterns were more easily predicted for a solitary carnivore with high fidelity to kill sites (cougar) than for a social carnivore that consumes prey faster (wolf) in winter when prey was larger than in summer, and when using machine learning models compared to traditional generalized linear models. Second, I used 23 years of predation data collected from VHF- and GPS-collared cougars during 1987-2022 to document the causes and consequences of kleptoparasitism of cougar kills by dominant wolf and bear (Ursus spp.) competitors. Counterintuitive to conventional theory, even as carnivore densities increased and primary prey availability declined over the long-term, interference competition at cougar kills declined. By also accounting for long-term declines in the size of cougar-killed prey, I illustrate how lesser-studied factors like prey size can have dramatic effects on competition and predation dynamics, and in this case, promote coexistence of North America's most diverse large carnivore community. Finally, I use apex (wolf and cougar) and mesocarnivore (red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and coyote (Canis latrans)) detections from camera-trap data collected during 2020-2023 and apex carnivore predation data from 2016-2023 to demonstrate how the behavior and ecology of different carnivores shapes unique risk-reward landscapes for mesocarnivores co-occurring with apex carnivores.
일반주제명  
Ecology
일반주제명  
Wildlife conservation
일반주제명  
Behavioral sciences
일반주제명  
Animal sciences
키워드  
Predation dynamics
키워드  
Northern Yellowstone
키워드  
Coyote
키워드  
Red fox
키워드  
Cougar-killed prey
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Conservation Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aLarge  Carnivore  Competition  and  Predation  Dynamics  in  Northern  Yellowstone
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2025.
■520    ▼aCompetition  and  predation  are  the  most  fundamental  of  species  interactions,  driving  animal  behavior,  evolution,  population  dynamics,  and,  ultimately,  the  structure  and  function  of  ecosystems.  Interactions  between  large  carnivores  and  with  their  prey  can  have  disproportionately  large  effects  on  ecosystem  processes  due  to  their  position  at  the  top  of  food  chains.  However,  identifying  the  causal  mechanisms  underlying  these  interactions,  and  the  impact  they  have  on  community  structure,  is  complicated  by  the  dynamic,  context-dependent  nature  of  species  and  ecosystems.  In  other  words,  no  species  interaction  is  created  equal.  Long-term  research  provides  an  avenue  to  tease  apart  these  interactions  and  develop  a  more  comprehensive  understanding  of  communities  to  better  inform  the  conservation  and  management  of  diverse  ecosystems.  I  use  a  blend  of  camera-trap  data  and  long-term  wolf  (Canis  lupus)  and  cougar  (Puma  concolor)  radio-collar  data  from  northern  Yellowstone  National  Park,  USA  to  develop  a  more  nuanced,  mechanistic  understanding  of  how  competition  and  predation  unfold  in  natural  systems.  First,  I  used  predation  data  collected  from  visiting  wolf  and  cougar  GPS-location  clusters  during  2016-2022  to  show  that  our  ability  to  predict  predation  versus  non-predation  events  is  contingent  upon  variations  in  season,  predator  and  prey  characteristics,  and  the  modeling  approach  used.  Predation  patterns  were  more  easily  predicted  for  a  solitary  carnivore  with  high  fidelity  to  kill  sites  (cougar)  than  for  a  social  carnivore  that  consumes  prey  faster  (wolf)  in  winter  when  prey  was  larger  than  in  summer,  and  when  using  machine  learning  models  compared  to  traditional  generalized  linear  models.  Second,  I  used  23  years  of  predation  data  collected  from  VHF-  and  GPS-collared  cougars  during  1987-2022  to  document  the  causes  and  consequences  of  kleptoparasitism  of  cougar  kills  by  dominant  wolf  and  bear  (Ursus  spp.)  competitors.  Counterintuitive  to  conventional  theory,  even  as  carnivore  densities  increased  and  primary  prey  availability  declined  over  the  long-term,  interference  competition  at  cougar  kills  declined.  By  also  accounting  for  long-term  declines  in  the  size  of  cougar-killed  prey,  I  illustrate  how  lesser-studied  factors  like  prey  size  can  have  dramatic  effects  on  competition  and  predation  dynamics,  and  in  this  case,  promote  coexistence  of  North  America's  most  diverse  large  carnivore  community.  Finally,  I  use  apex  (wolf  and  cougar)  and  mesocarnivore  (red  fox  (Vulpes  vulpes)  and  coyote  (Canis  latrans))  detections  from  camera-trap  data  collected  during  2020-2023  and  apex  carnivore  predation  data  from  2016-2023  to  demonstrate  how  the  behavior  and  ecology  of  different  carnivores  shapes  unique  risk-reward  landscapes  for  mesocarnivores  co-occurring  with  apex  carnivores.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aEcology
■650  4▼aWildlife  conservation
■650  4▼aBehavioral  sciences
■650  4▼aAnimal  sciences
■653    ▼aPredation  dynamics
■653    ▼aNorthern  Yellowstone
■653    ▼aCoyote
■653    ▼aRed  fox
■653    ▼aCougar-killed  prey
■690    ▼a0329
■690    ▼a0284
■690    ▼a0475
■690    ▼a0602
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bConservation  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357887▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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