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Dissecting the Function of Astrocytic Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecules
Dissecting the Function of Astrocytic Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecules
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104858
- ISBN
- 9798288816505
- DDC
- 591
- 서명/저자
- Dissecting the Function of Astrocytic Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecules
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Stanford University, 2023
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
- 형태사항
- 120 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Sudhof, Thomas.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Information is transmitted through the nervous system via neuronal contacts called synapses. Significant effort has been invested in developing techniques to visualize synaptic connectivity and better understand the mechanisms underlying synapse formation and function. Studies identifying essential synaptic molecules have primarily focused on those expressed by neurons. However, most synapses are tripartite in nature, meaning the pre- and/or post-synaptic neurons are contacted by a third element: astrocytes. How astrocytes establish and maintain synaptic interactions has yet to be elucidated. Novel RNA sequencing techniques have revealed that astrocytes express several synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) conventionally understood to regulate neuron-neuron interactions. Among these CAMs are neuroligins (Nlgns), a family of canonically neuronal, postsynaptic molecules that form trans-synaptic complexes with pre-synaptic neurexins. Thus, Nlgns are poised as a candidate for regulating astrocyte-neuron interactions at tripartite synapses. Supporting this theory, a recent study reported that loss of astrocytic Nlgn2 diminishes astrocyte size and impairs excitatory synaptogenesis. However, this conflicts with earlier studies finding constitutive deletion of Nlgns does not affect synapse number. To clarify the potential role of Nlgns at synapses, we genetically deleted Nlgns 1-3 in astrocytes at early postnatal timepoints. We report no subsequent impairment of synaptic or glial protein expression via immunoblot analysis and no apparent change in synapse number as measured by confocal imaging of antibody labelling of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus CA1 or visual cortex layer IV. Further, deletion of Nlgns 1-3 did not affect electrophysiological measures of basal excitatory or inhibitory synaptic function in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, 3D volume reconstruction of control and Nlgn1-3 cKO astrocytes expressing membrane-bound mVenus revealed that astrocyte volume is unaffected by deletion of Nlgns1-3. Thus, Nlgns are neither fundamentally required for proper synaptogenesis nor astrocyte morphogenesis. To identify molecules required for synapse development and maintenance, monosynaptic rabies virus (RV) tracing methods have been developed. Replicationdeficient RV allows mapping of neurons precisely one synapse upstream from genetically targeted starter neurons. This tool has been widely implemented to quantify alterations in synapse number following deletion of candidate synaptic organizer molecules. However, the magnitude of synapse number loss as measured by monosynaptic RV tracing can exceed quantification using traditional immunohistochemistry techniques. As deletion of synaptic organizers can affect both the number and function of synapses, a possible source of this discrepancy could be that monosynaptic RV tracing is affected by synaptic activity. In fact, an earlier study reported that the degree of monosynaptic RV labelling can be bidirectionally modulated by controlling input neuron activity, with increased activation leading to elevated labelling and decreased activation resulting in diminished labelling. However, whether retrograde neuronal labelling by monosynaptic RV tracing solely requires the presence of structural synapses or if it is also dependent upon the type of synaptic transmission remained an open question. To address this, we eliminated evoked transmission by conditionally deleting synaptotagmins 1 and 7 and found that spontaneous release is sufficient for spread of monosynaptic RV. Loss of both evoked and spontaneous synaptic transmission via tetanus toxin expression, however, completely halted retrograde labelling. Together, our studies contribute to a better understanding of how astrocytes maintain tripartite synapses as well as the modern techniques used to label them, supporting future studies to further elucidate the diverse molecular and cellular underpinnings of the synapse.
- 일반주제명
- Neurons
- 일반주제명
- Antibodies
- 일반주제명
- Synapses
- 일반주제명
- Labeling
- 일반주제명
- Genetic engineering
- 일반주제명
- Rabies
- 일반주제명
- Brain
- 일반주제명
- Transgenic animals
- 일반주제명
- Viruses
- 일반주제명
- Potassium
- 일반주제명
- Morphogenesis
- 일반주제명
- Postpartum period
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Neurosciences
- 키워드
- Neuroligins
- 기타저자
- Stanford University.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202104858
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798288816505
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32201031
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanfordzf430qh1976
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a591
■1001 ▼aGolf, Samantha Rose.
■24510▼aDissecting the Function of Astrocytic Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecules
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford University▼c2023
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2023
■300 ▼a120 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Sudhof, Thomas.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
■520 ▼aInformation is transmitted through the nervous system via neuronal contacts called synapses. Significant effort has been invested in developing techniques to visualize synaptic connectivity and better understand the mechanisms underlying synapse formation and function. Studies identifying essential synaptic molecules have primarily focused on those expressed by neurons. However, most synapses are tripartite in nature, meaning the pre- and/or post-synaptic neurons are contacted by a third element: astrocytes. How astrocytes establish and maintain synaptic interactions has yet to be elucidated. Novel RNA sequencing techniques have revealed that astrocytes express several synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) conventionally understood to regulate neuron-neuron interactions. Among these CAMs are neuroligins (Nlgns), a family of canonically neuronal, postsynaptic molecules that form trans-synaptic complexes with pre-synaptic neurexins. Thus, Nlgns are poised as a candidate for regulating astrocyte-neuron interactions at tripartite synapses. Supporting this theory, a recent study reported that loss of astrocytic Nlgn2 diminishes astrocyte size and impairs excitatory synaptogenesis. However, this conflicts with earlier studies finding constitutive deletion of Nlgns does not affect synapse number. To clarify the potential role of Nlgns at synapses, we genetically deleted Nlgns 1-3 in astrocytes at early postnatal timepoints. We report no subsequent impairment of synaptic or glial protein expression via immunoblot analysis and no apparent change in synapse number as measured by confocal imaging of antibody labelling of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus CA1 or visual cortex layer IV. Further, deletion of Nlgns 1-3 did not affect electrophysiological measures of basal excitatory or inhibitory synaptic function in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, 3D volume reconstruction of control and Nlgn1-3 cKO astrocytes expressing membrane-bound mVenus revealed that astrocyte volume is unaffected by deletion of Nlgns1-3. Thus, Nlgns are neither fundamentally required for proper synaptogenesis nor astrocyte morphogenesis. To identify molecules required for synapse development and maintenance, monosynaptic rabies virus (RV) tracing methods have been developed. Replicationdeficient RV allows mapping of neurons precisely one synapse upstream from genetically targeted starter neurons. This tool has been widely implemented to quantify alterations in synapse number following deletion of candidate synaptic organizer molecules. However, the magnitude of synapse number loss as measured by monosynaptic RV tracing can exceed quantification using traditional immunohistochemistry techniques. As deletion of synaptic organizers can affect both the number and function of synapses, a possible source of this discrepancy could be that monosynaptic RV tracing is affected by synaptic activity. In fact, an earlier study reported that the degree of monosynaptic RV labelling can be bidirectionally modulated by controlling input neuron activity, with increased activation leading to elevated labelling and decreased activation resulting in diminished labelling. However, whether retrograde neuronal labelling by monosynaptic RV tracing solely requires the presence of structural synapses or if it is also dependent upon the type of synaptic transmission remained an open question. To address this, we eliminated evoked transmission by conditionally deleting synaptotagmins 1 and 7 and found that spontaneous release is sufficient for spread of monosynaptic RV. Loss of both evoked and spontaneous synaptic transmission via tetanus toxin expression, however, completely halted retrograde labelling. Together, our studies contribute to a better understanding of how astrocytes maintain tripartite synapses as well as the modern techniques used to label them, supporting future studies to further elucidate the diverse molecular and cellular underpinnings of the synapse.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0212.
■650 4▼aNeurons
■650 4▼aAntibodies
■650 4▼aSynapses
■650 4▼aLabeling
■650 4▼aGenetic engineering
■650 4▼aRabies
■650 4▼aBrain
■650 4▼aTransgenic animals
■650 4▼aViruses
■650 4▼aPotassium
■650 4▼aMorphogenesis
■650 4▼aPostpartum period
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aNeurosciences
■653 ▼aNeuroligins
■653 ▼aAstrocyte-neuron interactions
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0317
■71020▼aStanford University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0212
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2023
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359264▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


