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Global Effects of Biofuel Mandates: Essays on Commodity Returns, Volatility, and Trade
Global Effects of Biofuel Mandates: Essays on Commodity Returns, Volatility, and Trade
Global Effects of Biofuel Mandates: Essays on Commodity Returns, Volatility, and Trade

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104959
ISBN  
9798290649863
DDC  
658
저자명  
Avileis, Felipe Grimaldi.
서명/저자  
Global Effects of Biofuel Mandates: Essays on Commodity Returns, Volatility, and Trade
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Davis, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
111 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gafarov, Bulat;Hilscher, Jens.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Biofuels have reshaped the US and global agricultural landscape by introducing a new component to agricultural commodities demand: fuel production. According to USDA data, 40% of the corn and 45% of the soybean oil produced in the US is directed toward the production of ethanol and biomass-based diesels, respectively. This demand is driven by federal and state-level biofuel blending mandates that require minimum usage of biofuels in the transportation sector. The ultimate goals of these policies are to support the US agricultural sector through higher demand for corn and soybeans, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and enhance US energy independence.This dissertation examines the effects of these policies on commodity price volatility, global agricultural land use, international trade, and co-movement of agricultural prices. Beyond measuring these effects, I focus on the underlying mechanisms driving changes in volatility, land use and price co-movement. This research provides essential insights to help policymakers, farmers, traders, and risk managers better understand both the intended and unintended consequences of biofuel policies. The dissertation is organized into three chapters, each investigating distinct consequences from the implementation and expansion of biofuel policies.Chapter 1 investigates how the increased use of corn and soybean oil as motor fuel feedstock, driven by biofuel mandates, has affected price volatility. I model and study two different volatility drivers affected by the mandates: market integration and changes in the demand curve. Using the implementation of the Renewable Fuel Standard I (RFSI), in 2006, and the Renewable Diesel boom of 2021 as key events, I measure the effects of these two drivers on implied volatilities using a novel set of synthetic controls. Findings reveal a 12% rise in corn volatility and a 22% increase in soybean oil volatility, with spillovers to related commodities. In the case of corn, the higher shares of corn used for fuel and a high volatility regime in energy markets are the drivers of volatility changes. For soybean oil, the increase is mostly driven by changes in marginal demand elasticity, as growing domestic demand led to the cessation of exports.Chapter 2 examines the global impacts of increased vegetable oil consumption for fuel, driven by the Renewable Fuel Standard II (RFSII) and Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) subsidies, on international trade and agricultural land use. I analyze how these mandates affect US and global oilseed acreage and trade flows. Leveraging politically driven exogenous shocks to biofuel credit prices, I construct two extensive panel datasets covering acreage and trade data for the 12 major vegetable oil-producing and consuming countries and US states over 18 years. I employ local projections (Jorda, 2025) to estimate the impacts of biofuel subsidies on global acreage and trade. Results show that a 10% increase in domestic biofuel subsidies raises US and global land use by 1% and 0.5%, respectively. US net exports deteriorate, primarily due to a 4% increase in imports. These findings reveal inefficiencies in achieving the intended policy outcomes of biofuel policies.Chapter 3 leverages exogenous biofuel policy announcements and news "leaks" surrounding biofuel mandate releases to evaluate the effects of the reports on soybean oil prices and on price co-movement within the soybean complex (soybeans, soybean oil, and meal). Using an event study approach and causal inference methods, I analyze 36 policy events between 2021 and 2025, including Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announcements, California Air Resources Board (CARB) reports, and news "leaks" from media sources with early information access. I find that soybean oil futures returns increase significantly on announcement days (0.59%) and continue rising the following day (0.62%), exhibiting a 1.21% cumulative increase. The informational value of these biofuel policy signals is as big as that of major USDA WASDE reports. Regression analysis reveals that a 1% biofuel-induced price increase in soybean oil leads to a 0.19% rise in soybean prices and a 0.30% drop in soybean meal prices. These findings contribute to the food-versus-fuel debate by demonstrating that while biofuel mandates increase soybean oil prices, they simultaneously decrease soybean meal prices, partially offsetting inflationary concerns. Soybean farmers benefit most from expanded biofuel mandates, followed by livestock producers who face lower feed costs, while crushers see more modest benefits as approximately 50% of the gains from higher oil prices are offset by lower meal prices. These results highlight the growing importance of biofuel policy signals in agricultural commodity markets and reveal the complex price dynamics within the soybean complex in response to biofuel demand shocks.This dissertation provides key insights into the primary and secondary effects of the implementation and expansion of biofuel policies in US and global agricultural markets. This research demonstrates that understanding the underlying mechanisms driving market changes is essential for developing more effective and efficient agricultural and energy policies. The findings contribute valuable knowledge that can help policymakers navigate the complex trade-offs between agricultural support, environmental goals, and food security concerns.
일반주제명  
Finance
일반주제명  
Public policy
일반주제명  
Agriculture
일반주제명  
Alternative energy
키워드  
Agricultural land use
키워드  
Biofuel mandates
키워드  
Commodity markets
키워드  
Oilseed trade
키워드  
Price volatility
키워드  
Renewable fuel standard
기타저자  
University of California, Davis Agricultural and Resource Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aAvileis,  Felipe  Grimaldi.
■24510▼aGlobal  Effects  of  Biofuel  Mandates:  Essays  on  Commodity  Returns,  Volatility,  and  Trade
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a111  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gafarov,  Bulat;Hilscher,  Jens.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Davis,  2025.
■520    ▼aBiofuels  have  reshaped  the  US  and  global  agricultural  landscape  by  introducing  a  new  component  to  agricultural  commodities  demand:  fuel  production.  According  to  USDA  data,  40%  of  the  corn  and  45%  of  the  soybean  oil  produced  in  the  US  is  directed  toward  the  production  of  ethanol  and  biomass-based  diesels,  respectively.  This  demand  is  driven  by  federal  and  state-level  biofuel  blending  mandates  that  require  minimum  usage  of  biofuels  in  the  transportation  sector.  The  ultimate  goals  of  these  policies  are  to  support  the  US  agricultural  sector  through  higher  demand  for  corn  and  soybeans,  reduce  greenhouse  gas  (GHG)  emissions,  and  enhance  US  energy  independence.This  dissertation  examines  the  effects  of  these  policies  on  commodity  price  volatility,  global  agricultural  land  use,  international  trade,  and  co-movement  of  agricultural  prices.  Beyond  measuring  these  effects,  I  focus  on  the  underlying  mechanisms  driving  changes  in  volatility,  land  use  and  price  co-movement.  This  research  provides  essential  insights  to  help  policymakers,  farmers,  traders,  and  risk  managers  better  understand  both  the  intended  and  unintended  consequences  of  biofuel  policies.  The  dissertation  is  organized  into  three  chapters,  each  investigating  distinct  consequences  from  the  implementation  and  expansion  of  biofuel  policies.Chapter  1  investigates  how  the  increased  use  of  corn  and  soybean  oil  as  motor  fuel  feedstock,  driven  by  biofuel  mandates,  has  affected  price  volatility.  I  model  and  study  two  different  volatility  drivers  affected  by  the  mandates:  market  integration  and  changes  in  the  demand  curve.  Using  the  implementation  of  the  Renewable  Fuel  Standard  I  (RFSI),  in  2006,  and  the  Renewable  Diesel  boom  of  2021  as  key  events,  I  measure  the  effects  of  these  two  drivers  on  implied  volatilities  using  a  novel  set  of  synthetic  controls.  Findings  reveal  a  12%  rise  in  corn  volatility  and  a  22%  increase  in  soybean  oil  volatility,  with  spillovers  to  related  commodities.  In  the  case  of  corn,  the  higher  shares  of  corn  used  for  fuel  and  a  high  volatility  regime  in  energy  markets  are  the  drivers  of  volatility  changes.  For  soybean  oil,  the  increase  is  mostly  driven  by  changes  in  marginal  demand  elasticity,  as  growing  domestic  demand  led  to  the  cessation  of  exports.Chapter  2  examines  the  global  impacts  of  increased  vegetable  oil  consumption  for  fuel,  driven  by  the  Renewable  Fuel  Standard  II  (RFSII)  and  Low  Carbon  Fuel  Standard  (LCFS)  subsidies,  on  international  trade  and  agricultural  land  use.  I  analyze  how  these  mandates  affect  US  and  global  oilseed  acreage  and  trade  flows.  Leveraging  politically  driven  exogenous  shocks  to  biofuel  credit  prices,  I  construct  two  extensive  panel  datasets  covering  acreage  and  trade  data  for  the  12  major  vegetable  oil-producing  and  consuming  countries  and  US  states  over  18  years.  I  employ  local  projections  (Jorda,  2025)  to  estimate  the  impacts  of  biofuel  subsidies  on  global  acreage  and  trade.  Results  show  that  a  10%  increase  in  domestic  biofuel  subsidies  raises  US  and  global  land  use  by  1%  and  0.5%,  respectively.  US  net  exports  deteriorate,  primarily  due  to  a  4%  increase  in  imports.  These  findings  reveal  inefficiencies  in  achieving  the  intended  policy  outcomes  of  biofuel  policies.Chapter  3  leverages  exogenous  biofuel  policy  announcements  and  news  "leaks"  surrounding  biofuel  mandate  releases  to  evaluate  the  effects  of  the  reports  on  soybean  oil  prices  and  on  price  co-movement  within  the  soybean  complex  (soybeans,  soybean  oil,  and  meal).  Using  an  event  study  approach  and  causal  inference  methods,  I  analyze  36  policy  events  between  2021  and  2025,  including  Environmental  Protection  Agency  (EPA)  announcements,  California  Air  Resources  Board  (CARB)  reports,  and  news  "leaks"  from  media  sources  with  early  information  access.  I  find  that  soybean  oil  futures  returns  increase  significantly  on  announcement  days  (0.59%)  and  continue  rising  the  following  day  (0.62%),  exhibiting  a  1.21%  cumulative  increase.  The  informational  value  of  these  biofuel  policy  signals  is  as  big  as  that of  major  USDA  WASDE  reports.  Regression  analysis  reveals  that  a  1%  biofuel-induced  price  increase  in  soybean  oil  leads  to  a  0.19%  rise  in  soybean  prices  and  a  0.30%  drop  in  soybean  meal  prices.  These  findings  contribute  to  the  food-versus-fuel  debate  by  demonstrating  that  while  biofuel  mandates  increase  soybean  oil  prices,  they  simultaneously  decrease  soybean  meal  prices,  partially  offsetting  inflationary  concerns.  Soybean  farmers  benefit  most  from  expanded  biofuel  mandates,  followed  by  livestock  producers  who  face  lower  feed  costs,  while  crushers  see  more  modest  benefits  as  approximately  50%  of  the  gains  from  higher  oil  prices  are  offset  by  lower  meal  prices.  These  results  highlight  the  growing  importance  of  biofuel  policy  signals  in  agricultural  commodity  markets  and  reveal  the  complex  price  dynamics  within  the  soybean  complex  in  response  to  biofuel  demand  shocks.This  dissertation  provides  key  insights  into  the  primary  and  secondary  effects  of  the  implementation  and  expansion  of  biofuel  policies  in  US  and  global  agricultural  markets.  This  research  demonstrates  that  understanding  the  underlying  mechanisms  driving  market  changes  is  essential  for  developing  more  effective  and  efficient  agricultural  and  energy  policies.  The  findings  contribute  valuable  knowledge  that  can  help  policymakers  navigate  the  complex  trade-offs  between  agricultural  support,  environmental  goals,  and  food  security  concerns.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0029.
■650  4▼aFinance
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■650  4▼aAgriculture
■650  4▼aAlternative  energy
■653    ▼aAgricultural  land  use
■653    ▼aBiofuel  mandates
■653    ▼aCommodity  markets
■653    ▼aOilseed  trade
■653    ▼aPrice  volatility
■653    ▼aRenewable  fuel  standard
■690    ▼a0503
■690    ▼a0508
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0363
■690    ▼a0473
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼bAgricultural  and  Resource  Economics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0029
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359268▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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