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The Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopathology
The Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopathology
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103614
- ISBN
- 9798286442348
- DDC
- 150
- 서명/저자
- The Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopathology
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 205 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Vilares, Iris M Donga;Lee, Vanessa.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약From medical diagnosis to catching a baseball, people make decisions all the time. But on what basis are those decisions made and how optimal are they? This dissertation focuses on one theoretical approach to assess the optimality of decisions: Bayesian Decision Theory (BDT). BDT postulates that posterior estimation relies on two categories of information: knowledge gained over time (i.e., prior information) and current sensory input (i.e., likelihood), with greater weight given to the category associated with less uncertainty. Here, I test the possibility that while decisions are typically Bayesian in a qualitative sense, they often deviate from BDT quantitatively. Three empirical studies explored the Bayesian optimality of decision-making behavior in visual search (Chapter 2), across sensorimotor and visual search tasks (Chapter 3), and in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (Chapter 4). Chapter 2 created a novel hybrid search-decision task, in which participants made a target present/absent response on a display of items with partial occlusion. I found that while participants considered both the target's prevalence ("prior") and the degree of occlusion ("likelihood"), they gave disproportionate weights to visible information, showing a mixture of Bayesian inference and under-matching. Chapter 3 tested behavior in the visual search task and a sensorimotor "coin-catching" task within the same set of individuals across two time points, assessing the degree to which they relied on prior vs. likelihood. I found consistent individual differences within a task, with some measures of both tasks displaying good test-retest reliability, but not between tasks, arguing against a domain-general Bayesian weight. Chapter 4 showed that while patients with BPD performed like controls in the coin-catching task in a qualitatively Bayesian manner, both fell short of quantitative BDT predictions. Overall, these findings demonstrate that BDT is a powerful framework for understanding a range of decision-making behaviors including sensorimotor and attentional decisions, across patients and typical groups. However, they also show that Bayesian weights may not be domain-general, and factors other than prior and likelihood may influence decisions.
- 일반주제명
- Psychology
- 일반주제명
- Applied mathematics
- 일반주제명
- Cognitive psychology
- 키워드
- Bayesian
- 키워드
- Decision-making
- 키워드
- Modeling
- 키워드
- Uncertainty
- 키워드
- Visual search
- 기타저자
- University of Minnesota Psychology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798286442348
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32044252
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a150
■1001 ▼aManavalan, Mathi.
■24510▼aThe Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopathology
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Minnesota▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a205 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Vilares, Iris M Donga;Lee, Vanessa.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
■520 ▼aFrom medical diagnosis to catching a baseball, people make decisions all the time. But on what basis are those decisions made and how optimal are they? This dissertation focuses on one theoretical approach to assess the optimality of decisions: Bayesian Decision Theory (BDT). BDT postulates that posterior estimation relies on two categories of information: knowledge gained over time (i.e., prior information) and current sensory input (i.e., likelihood), with greater weight given to the category associated with less uncertainty. Here, I test the possibility that while decisions are typically Bayesian in a qualitative sense, they often deviate from BDT quantitatively. Three empirical studies explored the Bayesian optimality of decision-making behavior in visual search (Chapter 2), across sensorimotor and visual search tasks (Chapter 3), and in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (Chapter 4). Chapter 2 created a novel hybrid search-decision task, in which participants made a target present/absent response on a display of items with partial occlusion. I found that while participants considered both the target's prevalence ("prior") and the degree of occlusion ("likelihood"), they gave disproportionate weights to visible information, showing a mixture of Bayesian inference and under-matching. Chapter 3 tested behavior in the visual search task and a sensorimotor "coin-catching" task within the same set of individuals across two time points, assessing the degree to which they relied on prior vs. likelihood. I found consistent individual differences within a task, with some measures of both tasks displaying good test-retest reliability, but not between tasks, arguing against a domain-general Bayesian weight. Chapter 4 showed that while patients with BPD performed like controls in the coin-catching task in a qualitatively Bayesian manner, both fell short of quantitative BDT predictions. Overall, these findings demonstrate that BDT is a powerful framework for understanding a range of decision-making behaviors including sensorimotor and attentional decisions, across patients and typical groups. However, they also show that Bayesian weights may not be domain-general, and factors other than prior and likelihood may influence decisions.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0130.
■650 4▼aPsychology
■650 4▼aApplied mathematics
■650 4▼aCognitive psychology
■653 ▼aBayesian
■653 ▼aDecision-making
■653 ▼aModeling
■653 ▼aPrior and likelihood
■653 ▼aUncertainty
■653 ▼aVisual search
■690 ▼a0621
■690 ▼a0633
■690 ▼a0364
■71020▼aUniversity of Minnesota▼bPsychology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-12B.
■790 ▼a0130
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357894▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


