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The Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopathology
The Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopatholo...
The Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopathology

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103614
ISBN  
9798286442348
DDC  
150
저자명  
Manavalan, Mathi.
서명/저자  
The Bayesian-Optimality of Decision-Making Behavior: Across Tasks, Time, and Psychopathology
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
205 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Vilares, Iris M Donga;Lee, Vanessa.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약From medical diagnosis to catching a baseball, people make decisions all the time. But on what basis are those decisions made and how optimal are they? This dissertation focuses on one theoretical approach to assess the optimality of decisions: Bayesian Decision Theory (BDT). BDT postulates that posterior estimation relies on two categories of information: knowledge gained over time (i.e., prior information) and current sensory input (i.e., likelihood), with greater weight given to the category associated with less uncertainty. Here, I test the possibility that while decisions are typically Bayesian in a qualitative sense, they often deviate from BDT quantitatively. Three empirical studies explored the Bayesian optimality of decision-making behavior in visual search (Chapter 2), across sensorimotor and visual search tasks (Chapter 3), and in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (Chapter 4). Chapter 2 created a novel hybrid search-decision task, in which participants made a target present/absent response on a display of items with partial occlusion. I found that while participants considered both the target's prevalence ("prior") and the degree of occlusion ("likelihood"), they gave disproportionate weights to visible information, showing a mixture of Bayesian inference and under-matching. Chapter 3 tested behavior in the visual search task and a sensorimotor "coin-catching" task within the same set of individuals across two time points, assessing the degree to which they relied on prior vs. likelihood. I found consistent individual differences within a task, with some measures of both tasks displaying good test-retest reliability, but not between tasks, arguing against a domain-general Bayesian weight. Chapter 4 showed that while patients with BPD performed like controls in the coin-catching task in a qualitatively Bayesian manner, both fell short of quantitative BDT predictions. Overall, these findings demonstrate that BDT is a powerful framework for understanding a range of decision-making behaviors including sensorimotor and attentional decisions, across patients and typical groups. However, they also show that Bayesian weights may not be domain-general, and factors other than prior and likelihood may influence decisions.
일반주제명  
Psychology
일반주제명  
Applied mathematics
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
키워드  
Bayesian
키워드  
Decision-making
키워드  
Modeling
키워드  
Prior and likelihood
키워드  
Uncertainty
키워드  
Visual search
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Psychology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aManavalan,  Mathi.
■24510▼aThe  Bayesian-Optimality  of  Decision-Making  Behavior:  Across  Tasks,  Time,  and  Psychopathology
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a205  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Vilares,  Iris  M  Donga;Lee,  Vanessa.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2025.
■520    ▼aFrom  medical  diagnosis  to  catching  a  baseball,  people  make  decisions  all  the  time.  But  on  what  basis  are  those  decisions  made  and  how  optimal  are  they?  This  dissertation  focuses  on  one  theoretical  approach  to  assess  the  optimality  of  decisions:  Bayesian  Decision  Theory  (BDT).  BDT  postulates  that  posterior  estimation  relies  on  two  categories  of  information:  knowledge  gained  over  time  (i.e.,  prior  information)  and  current  sensory  input  (i.e.,  likelihood),  with  greater  weight  given  to  the  category  associated  with  less  uncertainty.  Here,  I  test  the  possibility  that  while  decisions  are  typically  Bayesian  in  a  qualitative  sense,  they  often  deviate  from  BDT  quantitatively.  Three  empirical  studies  explored  the  Bayesian  optimality  of  decision-making  behavior  in  visual  search  (Chapter  2),  across  sensorimotor  and  visual  search  tasks  (Chapter  3),  and  in  patients  with  Borderline  Personality  Disorder  (Chapter  4).  Chapter  2  created  a  novel  hybrid  search-decision  task,  in  which  participants  made  a  target  present/absent  response  on  a  display  of  items  with  partial  occlusion.  I  found  that  while  participants  considered  both  the  target's  prevalence  ("prior")  and  the  degree  of  occlusion  ("likelihood"),  they  gave  disproportionate  weights  to  visible  information,  showing  a  mixture  of  Bayesian  inference  and  under-matching.  Chapter  3  tested  behavior  in  the  visual  search  task  and  a  sensorimotor  "coin-catching"  task  within  the  same  set  of  individuals  across  two  time  points,  assessing  the  degree  to  which  they  relied  on  prior  vs.  likelihood.  I  found  consistent  individual  differences  within  a  task,  with  some  measures  of  both  tasks  displaying  good  test-retest  reliability,  but  not  between  tasks,  arguing  against  a  domain-general  Bayesian  weight.  Chapter  4  showed  that  while  patients  with  BPD  performed  like  controls  in  the  coin-catching  task  in  a  qualitatively  Bayesian  manner,  both  fell  short  of  quantitative  BDT  predictions.  Overall,  these  findings  demonstrate  that  BDT  is  a  powerful  framework  for  understanding  a  range  of  decision-making  behaviors  including  sensorimotor  and  attentional  decisions,  across  patients  and  typical  groups.  However,  they  also  show  that  Bayesian  weights  may  not  be  domain-general,  and  factors  other  than  prior  and  likelihood  may  influence  decisions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aPsychology
■650  4▼aApplied  mathematics
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■653    ▼aBayesian
■653    ▼aDecision-making
■653    ▼aModeling
■653    ▼aPrior  and  likelihood
■653    ▼aUncertainty
■653    ▼aVisual  search
■690    ▼a0621
■690    ▼a0633
■690    ▼a0364
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bPsychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357894▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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