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Effects of Varied Timbral Instruction on Children's Singing Production
Effects of Varied Timbral Instruction on Children's Singing Production
Effects of Varied Timbral Instruction on Children's Singing Production

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104648
ISBN  
9798293801572
DDC  
780.7
저자명  
Berner, Crystal.
서명/저자  
Effects of Varied Timbral Instruction on Childrens Singing Production
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Florida State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
128 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Harrington, Ann;Kelly, Steven.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The purpose of this study was to determine in what ways, if any, that children change their musical performance in response to timbral instructions (bright timbre or dark timbre). The primary research questions that guided this project included: (1) What is the effect of timbre instruction on participants' absolute cent deviation (measured in cents) and (2) what is the effect of timbre instruction on participants' spectral centroid (measured in Hertz)? The following secondary research question also guided this project: What words or concepts do elementary-aged children associate with the words, "bright" and "dark?" I created a stimulus recording of varied instructions, starting pitches, and metronome markings with a MacBook Pro laptop, Audacity, and a Blue Snowball microphone (44.1 kHz sampling rate, 16-bit resolution). Starting pitches (D4), metronome markings, and verbal instructions also remained the same across all recorded stimuli, with the only differences being the words, "bright," "dark", or "sing." Participants (N = 19) performed the song, "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" four times following a brief vocal warm-up. Participants' performances were recorded with a Blue Snowball microphone directly into the software program Audacity (44.1 kHz sampling rate, 16-bit resolution), and saved as a WAV file with the participant identification number. Participants were asked to perform the familiar melody in each of three timbral conditions: no timbre instruction, bright, dark. All participants sang the familiar melody with the no timbre instruction first, but then were randomly assigned to one of two presentation orders, bright-dark or dark-bright.For each of the participants, I analyzed two acoustical, physical measures: (a) the participant's beginning pitch and a corresponding pitch later in the melody that repeated twice in the song (measured in Hertz) to determine how much their intonation varied within the performance, and (b) spectral centroid (measured in Hertz, indicating the level of "brightness," with higher values signifying more bright singing) at the same three points in the melody. After performing statistical analyses, I found that timbre instructions did not significantly affect children's pitch accuracy when singing a familiar melody, indicating that verbal cues alone are insufficient to prompt timbral or intonational change. Descriptive trends suggest slightly better intonation in the bright condition, but overall, pitch and timbre appeared to operate independently in the absence of a spectrally rich vocal model. Spectral centroid analyses revealed no significant change in vocal brightness across timbre instructions or age groups, indicating that verbal cues like bright and dark did not lead to measurable timbral adjustments. While children appeared to understand the concepts, they lacked the auditory-motor control to translate those cues into consistent acoustic changes, highlighting a developmental gap between timbre perception and production.When asked to describe the words "bright" and "dark," children associated "bright" with sunlight, light, and happiness, and "dark" with night, blackness, and fear, relying largely on concrete, everyday imagery rather than musical terms. These findings align with prior research showing that young singers interpret timbral language through broad, cross-modal metaphors, reinforcing the importance of using vivid, sensory-rich descriptions in early music instruction.Young singers often understand timbre labels like "bright" and "dark" conceptually but lack the developmental coordination to produce consistent vocal changes based on these cues alone. To support both intonation and tone color development, music educators should use voice-like models, concrete metaphors, and scaffolded instruction that links sound perception with motor action, gradually expanding children's timbre vocabulary and expressive control.
일반주제명  
Music education
일반주제명  
Music
일반주제명  
Music theory
일반주제명  
Pedagogy
키워드  
Cent deviation
키워드  
Children's singing
키워드  
Music cognition
키워드  
Pitch
키워드  
Spectral centroid
키워드  
Timbre
기타저자  
The Florida State University Music
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Florida  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  determine  in  what  ways,  if  any,  that  children  change  their  musical  performance  in  response  to  timbral  instructions  (bright  timbre  or  dark  timbre).  The  primary  research  questions  that  guided  this  project  included:  (1)  What  is  the  effect  of  timbre  instruction  on  participants'  absolute  cent  deviation  (measured  in  cents)  and  (2)  what  is  the  effect  of  timbre  instruction  on  participants'  spectral  centroid  (measured  in  Hertz)?  The  following  secondary  research  question  also  guided  this  project:  What  words  or  concepts  do  elementary-aged  children  associate  with  the  words,  "bright"  and  "dark?"  I  created  a  stimulus  recording  of  varied  instructions,  starting  pitches,  and  metronome  markings  with  a  MacBook  Pro  laptop,  Audacity,  and  a  Blue  Snowball  microphone  (44.1  kHz  sampling  rate,  16-bit  resolution).  Starting  pitches  (D4),  metronome  markings,  and  verbal  instructions  also  remained  the  same  across  all  recorded  stimuli,  with  the  only  differences  being  the  words,  "bright,"  "dark",  or  "sing."  Participants  (N  =  19)  performed  the  song,  "Twinkle,  Twinkle,  Little  Star"  four  times  following  a  brief  vocal  warm-up.  Participants'  performances  were  recorded  with  a  Blue  Snowball  microphone  directly  into  the  software  program  Audacity  (44.1  kHz  sampling  rate,  16-bit  resolution),  and  saved  as  a  WAV  file  with  the  participant  identification  number.  Participants  were  asked  to  perform  the  familiar  melody  in  each  of  three  timbral  conditions:  no  timbre  instruction,  bright,  dark.  All  participants  sang  the  familiar  melody  with  the  no  timbre  instruction  first,  but  then  were  randomly  assigned  to  one  of  two  presentation  orders,  bright-dark  or  dark-bright.For  each  of  the  participants,  I  analyzed  two  acoustical,  physical  measures:  (a)  the  participant's  beginning  pitch  and  a  corresponding  pitch  later  in  the  melody  that  repeated  twice  in  the  song  (measured  in  Hertz)  to  determine  how  much  their  intonation  varied  within  the  performance,  and  (b)  spectral  centroid  (measured  in  Hertz,  indicating  the  level  of  "brightness,"  with  higher  values  signifying  more  bright  singing)  at  the  same  three  points  in  the  melody.  After  performing  statistical  analyses,  I  found  that  timbre  instructions  did  not  significantly  affect  children's  pitch  accuracy  when  singing  a  familiar  melody,  indicating  that  verbal  cues  alone  are  insufficient  to  prompt  timbral  or  intonational  change.  Descriptive  trends  suggest  slightly  better  intonation  in  the  bright  condition,  but  overall,  pitch  and  timbre  appeared  to  operate  independently  in  the  absence  of  a  spectrally  rich  vocal  model.  Spectral  centroid  analyses  revealed  no  significant  change  in  vocal  brightness  across  timbre  instructions  or  age  groups,  indicating  that  verbal  cues  like  bright  and  dark  did  not  lead  to  measurable  timbral  adjustments.  While  children  appeared  to  understand  the  concepts,  they  lacked  the  auditory-motor  control  to  translate  those  cues  into  consistent  acoustic  changes,  highlighting  a  developmental  gap  between  timbre  perception  and  production.When  asked  to  describe  the  words  "bright"  and  "dark,"  children  associated  "bright"  with  sunlight,  light,  and  happiness,  and  "dark"  with  night,  blackness,  and  fear,  relying  largely  on  concrete,  everyday  imagery  rather  than  musical  terms.  These  findings  align  with  prior  research  showing  that  young  singers  interpret  timbral  language  through  broad,  cross-modal  metaphors,  reinforcing  the  importance  of  using  vivid,  sensory-rich  descriptions  in  early  music  instruction.Young  singers  often  understand  timbre  labels  like  "bright"  and  "dark"  conceptually  but  lack  the  developmental  coordination  to  produce  consistent  vocal  changes  based  on  these  cues  alone.  To  support  both  intonation  and  tone  color  development,  music  educators  should  use  voice-like  models,  concrete  metaphors,  and  scaffolded  instruction  that  links  sound  perception  with  motor  action,  gradually  expanding  children's  timbre  vocabulary  and  expressive  control.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0071.
■650  4▼aMusic  education
■650  4▼aMusic
■650  4▼aMusic  theory
■650  4▼aPedagogy
■653    ▼aCent  deviation
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■71020▼aThe  Florida  State  University▼bMusic.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03A.
■790    ▼a0071
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358353▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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