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Disasters Divided: Federalism, Authority, and the Role of States in US COVID-19 Pandemic Response
Disasters Divided: Federalism, Authority, and the Role of States in US COVID-19 Pandemic R...
Disasters Divided: Federalism, Authority, and the Role of States in US COVID-19 Pandemic Response

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105212
ISBN  
9798291564752
DDC  
614
저자명  
Klasa, Katarzyna A.
서명/저자  
Disasters Divided: Federalism, Authority, and the Role of States in US COVID-19 Pandemic Response
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
875 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Greer, Scott L.;Jarman, Holly.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented, catastrophic disaster. But why did the United States-despite its wealth of resources and strong institutions-have a slow, fragmented, and highly politicized pandemic response? Moreover, why did US states vary in their responses to COVID-19? Using a qualitative approach, I conducted elite interviews of state-level bureaucrats across public health agencies, emergency management agencies, and the governor's office and a historical analysis of the development of disaster and pandemic policy in the United States to answer these questions. I frame my analysis through a theory of policy alignment: the ability of two or more actors to agree on a goal, adopt policies that do not conflict towards the agreed upon goal, and implement said policies. Alignment occurs when the methods, processes, and structures employed are congruent with the identified and agreed upon goals. Misalignment happens when there is a lack of congruence on goals, on policies adopted, or on the implementation of policies, resulting in a failure to meet the original goal(s). While important, neither partisanship, federalism, nor COVID-19 policy choices independently or completely explain the US pandemic response. I argue that US COVID-19 pandemic response stemmed from path dependent policy decisions which impacted how disaster and public health emergency response frameworks developed. These path dependent policy decisions predisposed the US towards policy misalignment. The US developed a two-tier disaster response framework: a federal centralized, command-and-control system and a subnational varied, fragmented system. US pandemic policy developed separately and independently from disaster policy, placing public health emergencies outside of the traditional disaster response framework. While pandemic policy originated in the public health domain, pandemic response was split between the public health system and the private medical healthcare system. The US pandemic response framework became further bifurcated between public health and biosecurity policy priorities, impacting federal pandemic response capacity. I further find that 3 variables act as "levers" of alignment (or misalignment): authority, bureaucratic structures, and capacity. Authority is having the power (or ability) to make decisions, implement them, and enforce them. Bureaucratic structures are the formal or informal set of expectations within federal or state agencies that determine who is expected to do what, how, and when. Capacity is the state's ability to achieve its policy goals. Capacity is critical in achieving alignment because goals (once agreed upon and passed as policy) cannot be implemented without it. Process tracing across 3 distinct time periods ("arcs of crisis") during the COVID-19 pandemic, I highlight how the 3 "levers" interacted with federalism, fragmentation, and partisanship to predispose the US towards misalignment. I identify broad patterns of alignment and misalignment: the use of the Stafford Act for COVID-19; the important role of executive authority (president, governors) and disaster emergency powers; fragmentation of bureaucratic authorities in public health emergency response; variation in state emergency management and public health bureaucratic institutions and their baseline capacities; breakdown of disaster response coordination structures; entrenchment of disaster federalism; strong federal biosecurity capacity; and state legislative partisanship. Political partisanship from state legislatures grew over time, leading to state legislative backlash against gubernatorial pandemic emergency powers. As a result, state legislatures began to reshape state statutory frameworks to limit gubernatorial and public health emergency powers. These findings have broad implications for future US disaster response and public health emergency response capacities and capabilities.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Political science
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Disaster politics
키워드  
Disaster federalism
키워드  
Policy alignment
키워드  
Crisis governance
키워드  
Public health policy
키워드  
Public health emergencies
기타저자  
University of Michigan Health Services Organization & Policy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Greer,  Scott  L.;Jarman,  Holly.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  COVID-19  pandemic  was  an  unprecedented,  catastrophic  disaster.  But  why  did  the  United  States-despite  its  wealth  of  resources  and  strong  institutions-have  a  slow,  fragmented,  and  highly  politicized  pandemic  response?  Moreover,  why  did  US  states  vary  in  their  responses  to  COVID-19?  Using  a  qualitative  approach,  I  conducted  elite  interviews  of  state-level  bureaucrats  across  public  health  agencies,  emergency  management  agencies,  and  the  governor's  office  and  a  historical  analysis  of  the  development  of  disaster  and  pandemic  policy  in  the  United  States  to  answer  these  questions.    I  frame  my  analysis  through  a  theory  of  policy  alignment:  the  ability  of  two  or  more  actors  to  agree  on  a  goal,  adopt  policies  that  do  not  conflict  towards  the  agreed  upon  goal,  and  implement  said  policies.  Alignment  occurs  when  the  methods,  processes,  and  structures  employed  are  congruent  with  the  identified  and  agreed  upon  goals.  Misalignment  happens  when  there  is  a  lack  of  congruence  on  goals,  on  policies  adopted,  or  on  the  implementation  of  policies,  resulting  in  a  failure  to  meet  the  original  goal(s).    While  important,  neither  partisanship,  federalism,  nor  COVID-19  policy  choices  independently  or  completely  explain  the  US  pandemic  response.  I  argue  that  US  COVID-19  pandemic  response  stemmed  from  path  dependent  policy  decisions  which  impacted  how  disaster  and  public  health  emergency  response  frameworks  developed.  These  path  dependent  policy  decisions  predisposed  the  US  towards  policy  misalignment.    The  US  developed  a  two-tier  disaster  response  framework:  a  federal  centralized,  command-and-control  system  and  a  subnational  varied,  fragmented  system.  US  pandemic  policy  developed  separately  and  independently  from  disaster  policy,  placing  public  health  emergencies  outside  of  the  traditional  disaster  response  framework.  While  pandemic  policy  originated  in  the  public  health  domain,  pandemic  response  was  split  between  the  public  health  system  and  the  private  medical  healthcare  system.  The  US  pandemic  response  framework  became  further  bifurcated  between  public  health  and  biosecurity  policy  priorities,  impacting  federal  pandemic  response  capacity.    I  further  find  that  3  variables  act  as  "levers"  of  alignment  (or  misalignment):  authority,  bureaucratic  structures,  and  capacity.  Authority  is  having  the  power  (or  ability)  to  make  decisions,  implement  them,  and  enforce  them.  Bureaucratic  structures  are  the  formal  or  informal  set  of  expectations  within  federal  or  state  agencies  that  determine  who  is  expected  to  do  what,  how,  and  when.  Capacity  is  the  state's  ability  to  achieve  its  policy  goals.  Capacity  is  critical  in  achieving  alignment  because  goals  (once  agreed  upon  and  passed  as  policy)  cannot  be  implemented  without  it.    Process  tracing  across  3  distinct  time  periods  ("arcs  of  crisis")  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  I  highlight  how  the  3  "levers"  interacted  with  federalism,  fragmentation,  and  partisanship  to  predispose  the  US  towards  misalignment.  I  identify  broad  patterns  of  alignment  and  misalignment:  the  use  of  the  Stafford  Act  for  COVID-19;  the  important  role  of  executive  authority  (president,  governors)  and  disaster  emergency  powers;  fragmentation  of  bureaucratic  authorities  in  public  health  emergency  response;  variation  in  state  emergency  management  and  public  health  bureaucratic  institutions  and  their  baseline  capacities;  breakdown  of  disaster  response  coordination  structures;  entrenchment  of  disaster  federalism;  strong  federal  biosecurity  capacity;  and  state  legislative  partisanship.  Political  partisanship  from  state  legislatures  grew  over  time,  leading  to  state  legislative  backlash  against  gubernatorial  pandemic  emergency  powers.  As  a  result,  state  legislatures  began  to  reshape  state  statutory  frameworks  to  limit  gubernatorial  and  public  health  emergency  powers.  These  findings  have  broad  implications  for  future  US  disaster  response  and  public  health  emergency  response  capacities  and  capabilities.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aDisaster  politics
■653    ▼aDisaster  federalism
■653    ▼aPolicy  alignment
■653    ▼aCrisis  governance
■653    ▼aPublic  health  policy
■653    ▼aPublic  health  emergencies
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0630
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bHealth  Services  Organization  &  Policy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359778▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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