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Towards Understanding the Role of Cellular Force in Cancer Progression
Towards Understanding the Role of Cellular Force in Cancer Progression
Towards Understanding the Role of Cellular Force in Cancer Progression

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102851
ISBN  
9798291564158
DDC  
610
저자명  
Emon, Md. Abul Bashar.
서명/저자  
Towards Understanding the Role of Cellular Force in Cancer Progression
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
163 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Saif, Taher.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Cell generated force plays critical roles in regulating tissue mechanics and functions during many physiological and pathological processes. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer cells recruit and transform the stromal fibroblasts into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that become highly contractile. Increased CAF contractility increases mechanical stiffness of the extracellular matrices (ECM) in the stroma and helps the cancer cells to metastasize. This doctoral research focused on how the TME stiffness and CAF contractility change with time; and how this process regulates pro-metastatic crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells.The first challenge in the study was measuring cell force for an extended period of time using monochromatic light for traction force microscopy. It was found that light adversely affects the CAFs and relaxes their contractility. To avoid photo-toxicity, we sought to find a light intensity that is safe for long exposure during experiments. After rigorous investigation of cell traction relaxation with intensity and wavelength sweep, we determined dose-independent threshold intensities for common wavelengths used in microscopy. The safe imaging protocol enabled us to measure cell contractility and examine the role of CAF force in metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We controlled cell force by tuning substrate stiffness (elastic modulus, E = 1, 10 and 40 kPa) and found that CAF contractility increases with increasing stiffness. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses identified that higher force upregulates expressions of pro-metastatic genes such as TGF棺, ILs, FGFs, CXCLs; and pathways linked to Yes Associated Protein (YAP). Remarkably, we found that activin A (a cytokine from the TGF棺 family) secretion by the CAFs highly increases with elevated cell force. We also found that CAF-secreted activin A induces cancer cell migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), indicating that increased TME stiffness leads to force-mediated activin A signaling. These experiments provided novel insights, with the limitation of having cells on 2D substrates. However, cells in the TME generate traction on the surrounding three-dimensional matrices that change with time. There was no method available to directly quantify single-cell forces and matrix remodeling in 3D. To address this gap, we microfabricated a high-resolution sensor that hosts a 3D tissue formed by self-assembly of cells and ECM. This sensor can measure cell forces (with 1-nN resolution) and changes in the tissue stiffness. We measured single and multicellular force dynamics and found that CAF/cancer cell co-culture significantly increased ECM (collagen I) stiffness. This provided evidence that crosstalk between cancer cells and CAFs facilitates matrix remodeling and metastatic progression. Enabled by the sensor, we explored the biomolecular origin of cell response to stiffness/force in 3D and tested the hypothesis that CAF-cancer cell crosstalk is sustained by force-activated YAP (a transcription co-activator that controls critical oncogenes including TGF棺). YAP is mechanosensitive; however, mechanical activation of YAP remains unclear. To understand the mechanism of YAP activation, we controlled cell traction phenotypes utilizing a diverse set of culture microenvironments (2D to 3D); and assessed how stiffness and ECM affect force dynamics to identify the role of stiffness, cell spreading area, force, and nuclear deformation in activating YAP. These results showed that force induced nuclear deformation has the strongest correlation with YAP activation. Going forward, a future study can be investigating whether YAP is implicated in crosstalk between CAF and cancer cells. We can also explore the possibility of utilizing cell force, nuclear deformation, and YAP to develop novel prognostic and therapeutic strategies against cancer.
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering
일반주제명  
Mechanics
일반주제명  
Mechanical engineering
일반주제명  
Oncology
키워드  
Cellular force
키워드  
Cancer progression
키워드  
Metastasis
키워드  
Cancer associated fibroblasts
키워드  
Tumor microenvironment
기타저자  
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Mechanical Sci & Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aEmon,  Md.  Abul  Bashar.
■24510▼aTowards  Understanding  the  Role  of  Cellular  Force  in  Cancer  Progression
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a163  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Saif,  Taher.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign,  2023.
■520    ▼aCell  generated  force  plays  critical  roles  in  regulating  tissue  mechanics  and  functions  during  many  physiological  and  pathological  processes.  In  the  tumor  microenvironment  (TME),  cancer  cells  recruit  and  transform  the  stromal  fibroblasts  into  cancer  associated  fibroblasts  (CAFs)  that  become  highly  contractile.  Increased  CAF  contractility  increases  mechanical  stiffness  of  the  extracellular  matrices  (ECM)  in  the  stroma  and  helps  the  cancer  cells  to  metastasize.  This  doctoral  research  focused  on  how  the  TME  stiffness  and  CAF  contractility  change  with  time;  and  how  this  process  regulates  pro-metastatic  crosstalk  between  CAFs  and  cancer  cells.The  first  challenge  in  the  study  was  measuring  cell  force  for  an  extended  period  of  time  using  monochromatic  light  for  traction  force  microscopy.  It  was  found  that  light  adversely  affects  the  CAFs  and  relaxes  their  contractility.  To  avoid  photo-toxicity,  we  sought  to  find  a  light  intensity  that  is  safe  for  long  exposure  during  experiments.  After  rigorous  investigation  of  cell  traction  relaxation  with  intensity  and  wavelength  sweep,  we  determined  dose-independent  threshold  intensities  for  common  wavelengths  used  in  microscopy.  The  safe  imaging  protocol  enabled  us  to  measure  cell  contractility  and  examine  the  role  of  CAF  force  in  metastasis  of  colorectal  cancer  (CRC).  We  controlled  cell  force  by  tuning  substrate  stiffness  (elastic  modulus,  E  =  1,  10  and  40  kPa)  and  found  that  CAF  contractility  increases  with  increasing  stiffness.  Genome-wide  transcriptome  analyses  identified  that  higher  force  upregulates  expressions  of  pro-metastatic  genes  such  as  TGF棺,  ILs,  FGFs,  CXCLs;  and  pathways  linked  to  Yes  Associated  Protein  (YAP).  Remarkably,  we  found  that  activin  A  (a  cytokine  from  the  TGF棺  family)  secretion  by  the  CAFs  highly  increases  with  elevated  cell  force.  We  also  found  that  CAF-secreted  activin  A  induces  cancer  cell  migration  and  epithelial  to  mesenchymal  transition  (EMT),  indicating  that  increased  TME  stiffness  leads  to  force-mediated  activin  A  signaling.  These  experiments  provided  novel  insights,  with  the  limitation  of  having  cells  on  2D  substrates.  However,  cells  in  the  TME  generate  traction  on  the  surrounding  three-dimensional  matrices  that  change  with  time.  There  was  no  method  available  to  directly  quantify  single-cell  forces  and  matrix  remodeling  in  3D.  To  address  this  gap,  we  microfabricated  a  high-resolution  sensor  that  hosts  a  3D  tissue  formed  by  self-assembly  of  cells  and  ECM.  This  sensor  can  measure  cell  forces  (with  1-nN  resolution)  and  changes  in  the  tissue  stiffness.  We  measured  single  and  multicellular  force  dynamics  and  found  that  CAF/cancer  cell  co-culture  significantly  increased  ECM  (collagen  I)  stiffness.  This  provided  evidence  that  crosstalk  between  cancer  cells  and  CAFs  facilitates  matrix  remodeling  and  metastatic  progression.  Enabled  by  the  sensor,  we  explored  the  biomolecular  origin  of  cell  response  to  stiffness/force  in  3D  and  tested  the  hypothesis  that  CAF-cancer  cell  crosstalk  is  sustained  by  force-activated  YAP  (a  transcription  co-activator  that  controls  critical  oncogenes  including  TGF棺).  YAP  is  mechanosensitive;  however,  mechanical  activation  of  YAP  remains  unclear.  To  understand  the  mechanism  of  YAP  activation,  we  controlled  cell  traction  phenotypes  utilizing  a  diverse  set  of  culture  microenvironments  (2D  to  3D);  and  assessed  how  stiffness  and  ECM  affect  force  dynamics  to  identify  the  role  of  stiffness,  cell  spreading  area,  force,  and  nuclear  deformation  in  activating  YAP.  These  results  showed  that  force  induced  nuclear  deformation  has  the  strongest  correlation  with  YAP  activation.  Going  forward,  a  future  study  can  be  investigating  whether  YAP  is  implicated  in  crosstalk  between  CAF  and  cancer  cells.  We  can  also  explore  the  possibility  of  utilizing  cell  force,  nuclear  deformation,  and  YAP  to  develop  novel  prognostic  and  therapeutic  strategies  against  cancer.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0090.
■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering
■650  4▼aMechanics
■650  4▼aMechanical  engineering
■650  4▼aOncology
■653    ▼aCellular  force
■653    ▼aCancer  progression
■653    ▼aMetastasis
■653    ▼aCancer  associated  fibroblasts
■653    ▼aTumor  microenvironment  
■690    ▼a0346
■690    ▼a0548
■690    ▼a0541
■690    ▼a0992
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼bMechanical  Sci  &  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0090
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17365898▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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