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Unveiling Planetary Processes with the Solar System and Exoplanets
Unveiling Planetary Processes with the Solar System and Exoplanets
Unveiling Planetary Processes with the Solar System and Exoplanets

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202102959
ISBN  
9798286443499
DDC  
520
저자명  
Levine, William Garrison.
서명/저자  
Unveiling Planetary Processes with the Solar System and Exoplanets
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
230 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: van Dokkum, Pieter.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Both solar system and exoplanet science study the same class of objects to advance our knowledge of fundamental planetary processes. Our solar system provides a detailed view of a single planetary system in one epoch. In contrast, exoplanets offer sparser data from thousands of diverse systems in various evolutionary states. Holistic research on planetary objects must draw from both complementary sources. After introducing this mindset in Chapter 1, Chapters 2-4, each highlight a case study with this philosophy.Chapters 2 & 3 draw on an emergent pathway to connect the solar system and exoplanets: interstellar small bodies. The discovery of 1I/`Oumuamua in 2017, the first-detected planetesimal of extrasolar origin, provided an unprecedented chance to study exoplanetary material at high-resolution. However, the curious properties of `Oumuamua did not suggest any solar system analogs; to date, there remains no scientific consensus on the nature of `Oumuamua. Nonetheless, these attributes raise new questions on the physical, chemical, and dynamical processes that sculpt small bodies.For example, `Oumuamua's shape was more elongated than nearly all known solar system objects of similar size. Because this shape manifests as lightcurve variability, wide-field discovery surveys may be biased for or against aspherical asteroids. Thus, Chapter 2 uses this property of `Oumuamua for insight on solar system asteroids (Levine & Jedicke, 2023); population estimates for near-Earth asteroids can inform models of planetesimal collisions. Via injection-recovery tests, I find that elongated asteroids are less discoverable than their spherical counterparts. Shapes are not included in standard debiasing procedures, so I show that published asteroid populations may be incorrect. My results suggest that shapes may be causing longstanding discrepancies between surveys on the near-Earth asteroid population.Next, Chapter 3 examines processes that may sculpt small bodies during their host stars' asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase (Levine et al., 2023). Although an unlikely explanation for `Oumuamua -- its inbound kinematics instead indicated an origin from a young planetary system -- the AGB mass-loss may generate interstellar small bodies by unbinding long-period orbits. Therefore, the questions arise of whether these objects (1) could comprise a sizeable fraction of galactic small bodies and (2) would be distinguishable from small bodies that were ejected during the star's main sequence. I use analytic and numerical arguments on the orbital and thermal evolution of small bodies to prove that both hypotheses are plausible. In addition, I model the search sensitivity of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) to elucidate how its (non)detection of such objects will constrain the average mass budget of extrasolar Oort Cloud analog regions; this region is among the most difficult to detect in our solar system.Finally, Chapter 4 uses aeronomy, the study of upper atmospheres, to examine hydrodynamic outflows of exoplanets (Levine et al., 2024). I argue that aeronomy is required to explain exoplanet radii, as stellar XUV may drive photoevaporative mass-loss. Furthermore, hydrodynamic escape likely sculpted early Earth and Venus but no longer occurs in the solar system. Thus, exoplanet research is necessary to empirically constrain this process. Fruitful work in aeronomy has observed a natural experiment of the Sun-Earth system over time; changing solar XUV is the independent variable to which Earth's thermosphere reacts. Applying this approach to exoplanets, I conduct a case study of WASP-69b with contemporaneous Palomar infrared transit observations and Swift Observatory X-Ray data. I show that the planetary metastable helium signal from escaping high-altitude gas dropped in tandem with the star's X-Ray flux. By calculating the expected planetary response to the X-Ray change via a Parker wind formalism, I attribute the mass-loss variability to WASP-69's stellar activity cycle, a canonical result in aeronomy but the first documented detection of this phenomenon on an exoplanet.To conclude, Chapter 5 discusses future research that will bridge solar system and exoplanet science. In the coming years, surveys like the LSST and NEO Surveyor will expand the small body census by five-fold. Determining the colors, orbits, and albedos for sub-km Main Belt asteroids will statistically test models of planetesimal collisions. Understanding the interplay of mineralogy and planetesimal growth is imperative for connecting the composition of dust in protoplanetary disks to the densities of mature exoplanets. In addition, the prolific use of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for characterizing exoplanet atmospheres will further constrain the physics of hydrodynamic escape. NIRISS/SOSS has measured the metastable helium tracer for 20 targets, and a homogeneous analysis of that catalog will probe of planetary mass-loss across a broad parameter space.
일반주제명  
Astronomy
일반주제명  
Astrophysics
일반주제명  
Planetology
키워드  
Asteroids
키워드  
Astronomical surveys
키워드  
Exoplanets
키워드  
White dwarfs
기타저자  
Yale University Astronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

 008260126s2025        us                              c    eng  d
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■020    ▼a9798286443499
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31838810
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a520
■1001  ▼aLevine,  William  Garrison.
■24510▼aUnveiling  Planetary  Processes  with  the  Solar  System  and  Exoplanets
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a230  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  van  Dokkum,  Pieter.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aBoth  solar  system  and  exoplanet  science  study  the  same  class  of  objects  to  advance  our  knowledge  of  fundamental  planetary  processes.  Our  solar  system  provides  a  detailed  view  of  a  single  planetary  system  in  one  epoch.  In  contrast,  exoplanets  offer  sparser  data  from  thousands  of  diverse  systems  in  various  evolutionary  states.  Holistic  research  on  planetary  objects  must  draw  from  both  complementary  sources.  After  introducing  this  mindset  in  Chapter  1,  Chapters  2-4,  each  highlight  a  case  study  with  this  philosophy.Chapters  2  &  3  draw  on  an  emergent  pathway  to  connect  the  solar  system  and  exoplanets:  interstellar  small  bodies.  The  discovery  of  1I/`Oumuamua  in  2017,  the  first-detected  planetesimal  of  extrasolar  origin,  provided  an  unprecedented  chance  to  study  exoplanetary  material  at  high-resolution.  However,  the  curious  properties  of  `Oumuamua  did  not  suggest  any  solar  system  analogs;  to  date,  there  remains  no  scientific  consensus  on  the  nature  of  `Oumuamua.  Nonetheless,  these  attributes  raise  new  questions  on  the  physical,  chemical,  and  dynamical  processes  that  sculpt  small  bodies.For  example,  `Oumuamua's  shape  was  more  elongated  than  nearly  all  known  solar  system  objects  of  similar  size.  Because  this  shape  manifests  as  lightcurve  variability,  wide-field  discovery  surveys  may  be  biased  for  or  against  aspherical  asteroids.  Thus,  Chapter  2  uses  this  property  of  `Oumuamua  for  insight  on  solar  system  asteroids  (Levine  &  Jedicke,  2023);  population  estimates  for  near-Earth  asteroids  can  inform  models  of  planetesimal  collisions.  Via  injection-recovery  tests,  I  find  that  elongated  asteroids  are  less  discoverable  than  their  spherical  counterparts.  Shapes  are  not  included  in  standard  debiasing  procedures,  so  I  show  that  published  asteroid  populations  may  be  incorrect.  My  results  suggest  that  shapes  may  be  causing  longstanding  discrepancies  between  surveys  on  the  near-Earth  asteroid  population.Next,  Chapter  3  examines  processes  that  may  sculpt  small  bodies  during  their  host  stars'  asymptotic  giant  branch  (AGB)  phase  (Levine  et  al.,  2023).  Although  an  unlikely  explanation  for  `Oumuamua  --  its  inbound  kinematics  instead  indicated  an  origin  from  a  young  planetary  system  --  the  AGB  mass-loss  may  generate  interstellar  small  bodies  by  unbinding  long-period  orbits.  Therefore,  the  questions  arise  of  whether  these  objects  (1)  could  comprise  a  sizeable  fraction  of  galactic  small  bodies  and  (2)  would  be  distinguishable  from  small  bodies  that  were  ejected  during  the  star's  main  sequence.  I  use  analytic  and  numerical  arguments  on  the  orbital  and  thermal  evolution  of  small  bodies  to  prove  that  both  hypotheses  are  plausible.  In  addition,  I  model  the  search  sensitivity  of  the  Legacy  Survey  of  Space  and  Time  (LSST)  to  elucidate  how  its  (non)detection  of  such  objects  will  constrain  the  average  mass  budget  of  extrasolar  Oort  Cloud  analog  regions;  this  region  is  among  the  most  difficult  to  detect  in  our  solar  system.Finally,  Chapter  4  uses  aeronomy,  the  study  of  upper  atmospheres,  to  examine  hydrodynamic  outflows  of  exoplanets  (Levine  et  al.,  2024).  I  argue  that  aeronomy  is  required  to  explain  exoplanet  radii,  as  stellar  XUV  may  drive  photoevaporative  mass-loss.  Furthermore,  hydrodynamic  escape  likely  sculpted  early  Earth  and  Venus  but  no  longer  occurs  in  the  solar  system.  Thus,  exoplanet  research  is  necessary  to  empirically  constrain  this  process.  Fruitful  work  in  aeronomy  has  observed  a  natural  experiment  of  the  Sun-Earth  system  over  time;  changing  solar  XUV  is  the  independent  variable  to  which  Earth's  thermosphere  reacts.  Applying  this  approach  to  exoplanets,  I  conduct  a  case  study  of  WASP-69b  with  contemporaneous  Palomar  infrared  transit  observations  and  Swift  Observatory  X-Ray  data.  I  show  that  the  planetary  metastable  helium  signal  from  escaping  high-altitude  gas  dropped  in  tandem  with  the  star's  X-Ray  flux.  By  calculating  the  expected  planetary  response  to  the  X-Ray  change  via  a  Parker  wind  formalism,  I  attribute  the  mass-loss  variability  to  WASP-69's  stellar  activity  cycle,  a  canonical  result  in  aeronomy  but  the  first  documented  detection  of  this  phenomenon  on  an  exoplanet.To  conclude,  Chapter  5  discusses  future  research  that  will  bridge  solar  system  and  exoplanet  science.  In  the  coming  years,  surveys  like  the  LSST  and  NEO  Surveyor  will  expand  the  small  body  census  by  five-fold.  Determining  the  colors,  orbits,  and  albedos  for  sub-km  Main  Belt  asteroids  will  statistically  test  models  of  planetesimal  collisions.  Understanding  the  interplay  of  mineralogy  and  planetesimal  growth  is  imperative  for  connecting  the  composition  of  dust  in  protoplanetary  disks  to  the  densities  of  mature  exoplanets.  In  addition,  the  prolific  use  of  the  James  Webb  Space  Telescope  (JWST)  for  characterizing  exoplanet  atmospheres  will  further  constrain  the  physics  of  hydrodynamic  escape.  NIRISS/SOSS  has  measured  the  metastable  helium  tracer  for  20  targets,  and  a  homogeneous  analysis  of  that  catalog  will  probe  of  planetary  mass-loss  across  a  broad  parameter  space.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aAstronomy
■650  4▼aAstrophysics
■650  4▼aPlanetology
■653    ▼aAsteroids
■653    ▼aAstronomical  surveys
■653    ▼aExoplanets
■653    ▼aWhite  dwarfs
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0596
■690    ▼a0590
■71020▼aYale  University▼bAstronomy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356593▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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