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The Effects of Bow Tilt on Acoustical and Perceptual Measures of Violin and Cello Timbre
The Effects of Bow Tilt on Acoustical and Perceptual Measures of Violin and Cello Timbre
The Effects of Bow Tilt on Acoustical and Perceptual Measures of Violin and Cello Timbre

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202102959
ISBN  
9798280722125
DDC  
780.7
저자명  
Goehring, Tyler Jaymes.
서명/저자  
The Effects of Bow Tilt on Acoustical and Perceptual Measures of Violin and Cello Timbre
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Florida State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
142 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Springer, D. Gregory.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약To produce a characteristic tone, stringed instrumentalists must develop a variety of right hand or bowing techniques (e.g., bow hold and bowing motion). Pedagogues, acoustics researchers, and music researchers have highlighted the importance of weight, speed, and placement on stringed instruments' waveform and perceived tone. As a secondary variable, tilt may produce a subtle-yet important-variation in tone quality. Examining the acoustical and perceptual effects of bow tilt may offer educators evidence-based practices that can inform teaching and student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bow tilt on acoustical and perceptual measures of timbre in violin and cello performances. Participants (N = 41) were violinists and cellists who were recruited from a large southern university. Participants performed a short melodic excerpt twice using flat hair and tilted hair in a counterbalanced order. I asked the performers to maintain consistent bow placement and speed throughout the performance. I analyzed seven acoustical elements (i.e., intensity, spectral centroid, harmonic to noise ratio, spectral irregularity, long-term average spectrum [LTAS], log attack time, and attack slope) during four target notes of the same notated pitch. I analyzed each instrument's acoustical data separately using a mixed factorial design with two within-subject factors (i.e., bow tilt and note) and one between-subject factor (i.e., order). Additionally, participants rated their tone using semantic differential scales and described their tone in free response questions. I used a mixed factorial design with one within-subject factor (i.e., bow tilt) and two between-subject factors (i.e., order and instrument) to examine the perceptual data. I used an iterative deductive content analysis approach to code and describe the performers' descriptions of tone performed with flat and tilted hair.Acoustical results indicated a significant main effect of bow for the violinists' and cellists' measure of intensity and LTAS. For both instruments, the flat bow condition produced higher intensity and LTAS measures compared to the tilted bow. A main effect of note was found for both violinists' and cellists' measures of spectral irregularity, harmonic to noise ratio, LTAS, and attack slope, indicating that these acoustical measures varied according to melodic placement. Additionally, results indicated a main effect of note on the cellists' log attack time. I found a significant Bow x Note interaction for the violinists' spectral centroid and log attack time measures, indicating that the effects of bow tilt were further influenced by the location of the note. Violinists' intensity differed significantly between flat and tilted bow conditions, but those effects were not independent of order, as evidenced by the significant Note x Order interaction. No other significant acoustical results were found. A main effect of bow was found for the perceptual measures of loudness, fullness, resonance, and overall tone, with the flat bow condition being rated higher than the tilted bow. However, a significant main effect of order was found for the overall tone measure. Additionally, a main effect of bow was found for the participants' rating of attack quality where the tilted bow hair's attack quality was rated higher-i.e., scratchier-than the flat hair condition. I found a significant two-way interaction of instrument and order for participants' ratings of fullness and resonance, signifying that participants' ratings varied according to both instrument and order. Results indicated a significant two-way interaction of bow and order for participants' ratings of brightness.Participants identified which performance they preferred, and results indicated a small but non-significant preference for the flat hair performance. Participants were also asked to identify which bow condition (i.e., flat or tilted) matched their typical performance. Results indicated that more participants used flat hair as their default; however, there were no significant differences. When describing the tone quality of the flat and tilted hair performances, participants' responses aligned with the following coding categories: (a) sensory codes, (b) mass codes, (c) playing perception codes, and (d) tone as a musical element. In conclusion, the amount of bow hair touching the string resulted in acoustical changes in tone both for violinists and cellists, and those changes were perceptible to participants. These findings provide empirical data that can inform string performers and educators about specific strategies to modify their tone. Additional implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
일반주제명  
Music education
일반주제명  
Music
일반주제명  
Psychology
일반주제명  
Acoustics
키워드  
Perception
키워드  
Psychoacoustics
키워드  
String music education
키워드  
Violin Timbre
기타저자  
The Florida State University Music
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aGoehring,  Tyler  Jaymes.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-5612-027X
■24510▼aThe  Effects  of  Bow  Tilt  on  Acoustical  and  Perceptual  Measures  of  Violin  and  Cello  Timbre
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Florida  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a142  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Springer,  D.  Gregory.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Florida  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aTo  produce  a  characteristic  tone,  stringed  instrumentalists  must  develop  a  variety  of  right  hand  or  bowing  techniques  (e.g.,  bow  hold  and  bowing  motion).  Pedagogues,  acoustics  researchers,  and  music  researchers  have  highlighted  the  importance  of  weight,  speed,  and  placement  on  stringed  instruments'  waveform  and  perceived  tone.  As  a  secondary  variable,  tilt  may  produce  a  subtle-yet  important-variation  in  tone  quality.  Examining  the  acoustical  and  perceptual  effects  of  bow  tilt  may  offer  educators  evidence-based  practices  that  can  inform  teaching  and  student  learning  outcomes.  The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  examine  the  effects  of  bow  tilt  on  acoustical  and  perceptual  measures  of  timbre  in  violin  and  cello  performances.  Participants  (N  =  41)  were  violinists  and  cellists  who  were  recruited  from  a  large  southern  university.  Participants  performed  a  short  melodic  excerpt  twice  using  flat  hair  and  tilted  hair  in  a  counterbalanced  order.  I  asked  the  performers  to  maintain  consistent  bow  placement  and  speed  throughout  the  performance.  I  analyzed  seven  acoustical  elements  (i.e.,  intensity,  spectral  centroid,  harmonic  to  noise  ratio,  spectral  irregularity,  long-term  average  spectrum  [LTAS],  log  attack  time,  and  attack  slope)  during  four  target  notes  of  the  same  notated  pitch.  I  analyzed  each  instrument's  acoustical  data  separately  using  a  mixed  factorial  design  with  two  within-subject  factors  (i.e.,  bow  tilt  and  note)  and  one  between-subject  factor  (i.e.,  order).  Additionally,  participants  rated  their  tone  using  semantic  differential  scales  and  described  their  tone  in  free  response  questions.  I  used  a  mixed  factorial  design  with  one  within-subject  factor  (i.e.,  bow  tilt)  and  two  between-subject  factors  (i.e.,  order  and  instrument)  to  examine  the  perceptual  data.  I  used  an  iterative  deductive  content  analysis  approach  to  code  and  describe  the  performers'  descriptions  of  tone  performed  with  flat  and  tilted  hair.Acoustical  results  indicated  a  significant  main  effect  of  bow  for  the  violinists'  and  cellists'  measure  of  intensity  and  LTAS.  For  both  instruments,  the  flat  bow  condition  produced  higher  intensity  and  LTAS  measures  compared  to  the  tilted  bow.  A  main  effect  of  note  was  found  for  both  violinists'  and  cellists'  measures  of  spectral  irregularity,  harmonic  to  noise  ratio,  LTAS,  and  attack  slope,  indicating  that  these  acoustical  measures  varied  according  to  melodic  placement.  Additionally,  results  indicated  a  main  effect  of  note  on  the  cellists'  log  attack  time.  I  found  a  significant  Bow  x  Note  interaction  for  the  violinists'  spectral  centroid  and  log  attack  time  measures,  indicating  that  the  effects  of  bow  tilt  were  further  influenced  by  the  location  of  the  note.  Violinists'  intensity  differed  significantly  between  flat  and  tilted  bow  conditions,  but  those  effects  were  not  independent  of  order,  as  evidenced  by  the  significant  Note  x  Order  interaction.  No  other  significant  acoustical  results  were  found.  A  main  effect  of  bow  was  found  for  the  perceptual  measures  of  loudness,  fullness,  resonance,  and  overall  tone,  with  the  flat  bow  condition  being  rated  higher  than  the  tilted  bow.  However,  a  significant  main  effect  of  order  was  found  for  the  overall  tone  measure.  Additionally,  a  main  effect  of  bow  was  found  for  the  participants'  rating  of  attack  quality  where  the  tilted  bow  hair's  attack  quality  was  rated  higher-i.e.,  scratchier-than  the  flat  hair  condition.  I  found  a  significant  two-way  interaction  of  instrument  and  order  for  participants'  ratings  of  fullness  and  resonance,  signifying  that  participants'  ratings  varied  according  to  both  instrument  and  order.  Results  indicated  a  significant  two-way  interaction  of  bow  and  order  for  participants'  ratings  of  brightness.Participants  identified  which  performance  they  preferred,  and  results  indicated  a  small  but  non-significant  preference  for  the  flat  hair  performance.  Participants  were  also  asked  to  identify  which  bow  condition  (i.e.,  flat  or  tilted)  matched  their  typical  performance.  Results  indicated  that  more  participants  used  flat  hair  as  their  default;  however,  there  were  no  significant  differences.  When  describing  the  tone  quality  of  the  flat  and  tilted  hair  performances,  participants'  responses  aligned  with  the  following  coding  categories:  (a)  sensory  codes,  (b)  mass  codes,  (c)  playing  perception  codes,  and  (d)  tone  as  a  musical  element.  In  conclusion,  the  amount  of  bow  hair  touching  the  string  resulted  in  acoustical  changes  in  tone  both  for  violinists  and  cellists,  and  those  changes  were  perceptible  to  participants.  These  findings  provide  empirical  data  that  can  inform  string  performers  and  educators  about  specific  strategies  to  modify  their  tone.  Additional  implications  and  suggestions  for  future  research  are  discussed.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0071.
■650  4▼aMusic  education
■650  4▼aMusic
■650  4▼aPsychology
■650  4▼aAcoustics
■653    ▼aPerception
■653    ▼aPsychoacoustics
■653    ▼aString  music  education
■653    ▼aViolin  Timbre
■690    ▼a0522
■690    ▼a0621
■690    ▼a0413
■690    ▼a0986
■71020▼aThe  Florida  State  University▼bMusic.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0071
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356596▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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