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Leveraging Nanomaterials for Measurements at the Quantum Limit
Leveraging Nanomaterials for Measurements at the Quantum Limit
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103124
- ISBN
- 9798314899144
- DDC
- 535
- 저자명
- Bartos, Jan.
- 서명/저자
- Leveraging Nanomaterials for Measurements at the Quantum Limit
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Colorado at Boulder, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 155 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Huang, Shu-Wei.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약This dissertation reports on sensing enhancements enabled by nanomaterials, focusing on two areas: magnetic field sensing and imaging, and fluorescence microscopy. In both domains, we find that nanomaterials lead to sensors which outperform bulk and microscale materials.Motivating the magnetic field sensing project, we observed that most existing magnetic field sensing techniques follow a trend where their magnetic field sensitivity is inversely proportional to sensor volume. This presents a challenge when attempting to perform high-sensitivity, spatially resolved magnetic field measurements.The primary research question investigates whether this paradigm could be broken. Because the sensitivity of Faraday rotation magnetometry (FRM) depends on optical power rather than intensity, magnetic field sensitivity to be decoupled from spot size.To leverage this benefit, two key improvements were required. First, we developed a new material to enhance sensitivity potential. Second, we optimized the sensing architecture to maximize performance using this newly developed transducer. We discovered that a nanocomposite of terbium-doped magnetite nanoparticles embedded in a polymer host produced an extremely high Verdet constant while maintaining good optical clarity. However, the material exhibited a low optical damage threshold, which limited performance when tightly focused optical spots were used. Since magnetic field sensitivity can be improved by increasing optical power, this low optical damage threshold posed a problem.To address this issue, we employed a non-common path heterodyne detection scheme. This approach allowed most of the light to bypass the sample, reducing illumination power while mixing the beams on the detector. This amplified the signal above the electronic noise floor, enabling shot-noise-limited measurements even with low optical illumination power. Using this method, we achieved a sensitivity of 568 nT/ √ Hz in our magnetometer.Further exploration, inspired by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography, led us to propose an alternative and novel detection architecture called dual-balanced heterodyne detection (DBHD). This approach altered the power scaling of the measurement, providing additional signal amplification at low magnetic fields. This technique initially had potential to achieve pT/Hz sensitivity. A proof-of-concept device was implemented to validate the hypothesis. However, after extensive experimental work, I concluded that the sensitivity potential was not realizable due to nonlinear scaling of the noise. Though we explore some potential advantages of the technique.The final part of this dissertation investigates the use of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). These particles are employed in fluorescence microscopy, an imaging technique commonly used in biology to stain samples. UCNPs convert two low-energy photons into one higher-energy photon, enabling background-free measurements because the illumination light differs from the detection light. However, UCNPs are limited by their low photon absorption probability.We hypothesized that the brightness of UCNPs could be increased using paired photons to enable instantaneous upconversion attempts. A rate-equation model was developed to simulate the dynamics of the nanoparticles. We found that the threshold for brightness enhancement between biphoton and conventional illumination depends on the lifetime of singly excited electrons. In our material, this lifetime is on the order of milliseconds. The threshold for enhancement was so low that it would produce fewer than one photon per second, rendering experimental pursuit impractical.In summary, this dissertation examines two different systems, both with imaging applications, that leverage the properties of nanoparticles to enhance sensing. The magnetite nanoparticles enabled highly sensitive measurements when combined with a novel detection configuration. Meanwhile, the UCNP nanoparticles proved too efficient to justify the use of paired photon sources for illumination, as their performance could not be practically enhanced.
- 일반주제명
- Optics
- 일반주제명
- Electrical engineering
- 일반주제명
- Electromagnetics
- 일반주제명
- Nanoscience
- 키워드
- Fluorescence
- 키워드
- Imaging
- 키워드
- Magnetics
- 키워드
- Nanoparticles
- 기타저자
- University of Colorado at Boulder Electrical Engineering
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202103124
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798314899144
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31938563
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a535
■1001 ▼aBartos, Jan.▼0(orcid)0009-0007-8440-6225
■24510▼aLeveraging Nanomaterials for Measurements at the Quantum Limit
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Colorado at Boulder▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a155 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Huang, Shu-Wei.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2025.
■520 ▼aThis dissertation reports on sensing enhancements enabled by nanomaterials, focusing on two areas: magnetic field sensing and imaging, and fluorescence microscopy. In both domains, we find that nanomaterials lead to sensors which outperform bulk and microscale materials.Motivating the magnetic field sensing project, we observed that most existing magnetic field sensing techniques follow a trend where their magnetic field sensitivity is inversely proportional to sensor volume. This presents a challenge when attempting to perform high-sensitivity, spatially resolved magnetic field measurements.The primary research question investigates whether this paradigm could be broken. Because the sensitivity of Faraday rotation magnetometry (FRM) depends on optical power rather than intensity, magnetic field sensitivity to be decoupled from spot size.To leverage this benefit, two key improvements were required. First, we developed a new material to enhance sensitivity potential. Second, we optimized the sensing architecture to maximize performance using this newly developed transducer. We discovered that a nanocomposite of terbium-doped magnetite nanoparticles embedded in a polymer host produced an extremely high Verdet constant while maintaining good optical clarity. However, the material exhibited a low optical damage threshold, which limited performance when tightly focused optical spots were used. Since magnetic field sensitivity can be improved by increasing optical power, this low optical damage threshold posed a problem.To address this issue, we employed a non-common path heterodyne detection scheme. This approach allowed most of the light to bypass the sample, reducing illumination power while mixing the beams on the detector. This amplified the signal above the electronic noise floor, enabling shot-noise-limited measurements even with low optical illumination power. Using this method, we achieved a sensitivity of 568 nT/ √ Hz in our magnetometer.Further exploration, inspired by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography, led us to propose an alternative and novel detection architecture called dual-balanced heterodyne detection (DBHD). This approach altered the power scaling of the measurement, providing additional signal amplification at low magnetic fields. This technique initially had potential to achieve pT/Hz sensitivity. A proof-of-concept device was implemented to validate the hypothesis. However, after extensive experimental work, I concluded that the sensitivity potential was not realizable due to nonlinear scaling of the noise. Though we explore some potential advantages of the technique.The final part of this dissertation investigates the use of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). These particles are employed in fluorescence microscopy, an imaging technique commonly used in biology to stain samples. UCNPs convert two low-energy photons into one higher-energy photon, enabling background-free measurements because the illumination light differs from the detection light. However, UCNPs are limited by their low photon absorption probability.We hypothesized that the brightness of UCNPs could be increased using paired photons to enable instantaneous upconversion attempts. A rate-equation model was developed to simulate the dynamics of the nanoparticles. We found that the threshold for brightness enhancement between biphoton and conventional illumination depends on the lifetime of singly excited electrons. In our material, this lifetime is on the order of milliseconds. The threshold for enhancement was so low that it would produce fewer than one photon per second, rendering experimental pursuit impractical.In summary, this dissertation examines two different systems, both with imaging applications, that leverage the properties of nanoparticles to enhance sensing. The magnetite nanoparticles enabled highly sensitive measurements when combined with a novel detection configuration. Meanwhile, the UCNP nanoparticles proved too efficient to justify the use of paired photon sources for illumination, as their performance could not be practically enhanced.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0051.
■650 4▼aOptics
■650 4▼aElectrical engineering
■650 4▼aElectromagnetics
■650 4▼aNanoscience
■653 ▼aFluorescence
■653 ▼aImaging
■653 ▼aMagnetics
■653 ▼aNanoparticles
■653 ▼aMagnetic field sensing
■690 ▼a0752
■690 ▼a0544
■690 ▼a0607
■690 ▼a0565
■71020▼aUniversity of Colorado at Boulder▼bElectrical Engineering.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-11B.
■790 ▼a0051
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357060▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
