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Growth in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children in Malawi and the Effect of Maternal Education on Their Growth
Growth in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children in Malawi and the Effect of Maternal Education on Their Growth
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103631
- ISBN
- 9798291554814
- DDC
- 614
- 서명/저자
- Growth in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children in Malawi and the Effect of Maternal Education on Their Growth
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 151 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Westreich, Daniel.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The number of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children- children of mothers living with HIV who are exposed to the virus in utero, during delivery, or via breastfeeding, yet do not acquire HIV infection themselves -is increasing. Despite being uninfected, these children may remain at increased risk of poor growth. We used data from a clinic-based cohort of HEU children born to mothers enrolled in the prospective cohort study that was conducted from 2015 to 2019 at Bwaila and A18 clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi. The children were followed from birth to 36 months.In the first aim, we compared growth of HEU children in the study cohort and children from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic Health Survey (the DHS sample served as the context for the general population of children aged 0-3 years in Malawi) to the WHO Growth Standards. In both the study cohort and the DHS sample, height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores were below the WHO Growth Standards median while the weight-for-age were above the WHO Growth Standards median which was driven by greater deficits in height in the two study populations. Generally, the prevalence of stunting and underweight increased with age in both study populations while the prevalence of wasting was low and remained relatively stable with age. In the second aim, we estimated the effect of maternal education (categorized as no/primary education vs. secondary/higher education) on growth of HEU children in the cohort. We estimated the mean differences in height and weight for each sex by maternal education from birth to 36 months. There were statistically significant mean differences in height (emerging from 12 months onwards) and weight (emerging from 33 months onwards) in male HEU children. There was no effect of maternal education in height and weight among female HEU children. Overall, our findings show the level of undernutrition in HEU children in the study was comparable to the level undernutrition in children from the DHS sample. This is not unexpected as the strongest influence of undernutrition are underlying structural, socioeconomic, and environmental determinants common to all children in Malawi. Maternal education is a potential intervention for improving growth in HEU children. Despite that there was no effect on growth in female HEU children in the study, maternal education has widespread societal benefits. Other studies have shown the positive effect of maternal education on growth in female children. As such, efforts to promote girls' and women's education should continue to be encouraged.
- 일반주제명
- Health sciences
- 일반주제명
- Nutrition
- 일반주제명
- Epidemiology
- 일반주제명
- Pediatrics
- 일반주제명
- Virology
- 키워드
- Child growth
- 키워드
- Early childhood
- 키워드
- Malawi
- 키워드
- Undernutrition
- 기타저자
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Epidemiology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798291554814
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32046964
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a614
■1001 ▼aNgongondo, McNeil.
■24510▼aGrowth in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children in Malawi and the Effect of Maternal Education on Their Growth
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a151 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Westreich, Daniel.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2025.
■520 ▼aThe number of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children- children of mothers living with HIV who are exposed to the virus in utero, during delivery, or via breastfeeding, yet do not acquire HIV infection themselves -is increasing. Despite being uninfected, these children may remain at increased risk of poor growth. We used data from a clinic-based cohort of HEU children born to mothers enrolled in the prospective cohort study that was conducted from 2015 to 2019 at Bwaila and A18 clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi. The children were followed from birth to 36 months.In the first aim, we compared growth of HEU children in the study cohort and children from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic Health Survey (the DHS sample served as the context for the general population of children aged 0-3 years in Malawi) to the WHO Growth Standards. In both the study cohort and the DHS sample, height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores were below the WHO Growth Standards median while the weight-for-age were above the WHO Growth Standards median which was driven by greater deficits in height in the two study populations. Generally, the prevalence of stunting and underweight increased with age in both study populations while the prevalence of wasting was low and remained relatively stable with age. In the second aim, we estimated the effect of maternal education (categorized as no/primary education vs. secondary/higher education) on growth of HEU children in the cohort. We estimated the mean differences in height and weight for each sex by maternal education from birth to 36 months. There were statistically significant mean differences in height (emerging from 12 months onwards) and weight (emerging from 33 months onwards) in male HEU children. There was no effect of maternal education in height and weight among female HEU children. Overall, our findings show the level of undernutrition in HEU children in the study was comparable to the level undernutrition in children from the DHS sample. This is not unexpected as the strongest influence of undernutrition are underlying structural, socioeconomic, and environmental determinants common to all children in Malawi. Maternal education is a potential intervention for improving growth in HEU children. Despite that there was no effect on growth in female HEU children in the study, maternal education has widespread societal benefits. Other studies have shown the positive effect of maternal education on growth in female children. As such, efforts to promote girls' and women's education should continue to be encouraged.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0153.
■650 4▼aHealth sciences
■650 4▼aNutrition
■650 4▼aEpidemiology
■650 4▼aPediatrics
■650 4▼aVirology
■653 ▼aChild growth
■653 ▼aEarly childhood
■653 ▼aHIV-exposed uninfected
■653 ▼aMalawi
■653 ▼aMaternal education
■653 ▼aUndernutrition
■690 ▼a0566
■690 ▼a0570
■690 ▼a0720
■690 ▼a0767
■690 ▼a0766
■71020▼aThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill▼bEpidemiology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0153
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358017▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
