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Dynamical Climate Drivers of Forest Fire in Western North America and Beyond
Dynamical Climate Drivers of Forest Fire in Western North America and Beyond
Dynamical Climate Drivers of Forest Fire in Western North America and Beyond

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105100
ISBN  
9798291548424
DDC  
363
저자명  
Jacobson, Tess Wei-Ping.
서명/저자  
Dynamical Climate Drivers of Forest Fire in Western North America and Beyond
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
212 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Seager, Richard.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Burned forest area has increased significantly in Western North America in recent decades, driven in part by climate conditions becoming more conducive to fire. This dissertation advances our understanding of the large-scale climate dynamics that drive drought and forest fire in Western North America and similar regions around the world. We also investigate the causes and implications of climate model biases in simulating natural climate variability, particularly for modes and phases of variability with large impacts on drought and fire in Western North America.In the first chapter, we identify regional and global climate patterns in preceding seasons that typically influence the year-to-year variability of burned summer forest area in California. High vapor pressure deficit (VPD), high temperatures, low precipitation, high subsidence, high geopotential height, low soil moisture, and low snowpack and snowmelt anomalies all correlate significantly with July California burned area as far back as the January before the fire season. These climate anomalies occur as part of a hemispheric scale pattern with weak connections to the tropical Pacific Ocean. We explain how climate and weather anomalies, particularly extreme heat, drove the record-breaking burned-area year of 2018.VPD, a function of temperature and humidity, is a skillful seasonal predictor of burned area in the southwestern United States (the "Southwest"). Unexpectedly, despite the increased capacity of a warmer atmosphere to hold water vapor, near-surface specific humidity decreased from 1970 to 2019 in much of the Southwest, particularly in spring, summer, and fall. In Chapter 2, we identify declining near-surface humidity from 1970 to 2019 in the Southwest with reanalysis and in situ station data. Focusing on the interior Southwest in the months preceding the summer forest fire season, we find that an early spring decline in precipitation in the interior region induced a decline in soil moisture and evapotranspiration, drying the lower troposphere in summer. This prior season precipitation decline is in turn related to a trend toward a Northern Hemisphere stationary wave pattern that places a high pressure ridge over the interior Southwest. Using fixed humidity and temperature scenarios and the observed exponential relationship between VPD and burned forest area, we estimate that with no increase in temperature at all, the humidity decline alone would still lead to nearly one-quarter of the observed VPD-induced increase in burned area over 1984-2019.Sea-surface temperature variability in the Pacific plays a powerful role in evolving global hydroclimate on decadal timescales, particularly in Western North America. Chapter 3 evaluates the ability of the current generation of climate models (CMIP6) to simulate realistic decadal sea-surface temperature variability in the Pacific and its teleconnections to circulation, precipitation, and aridity around the world. Using CMIP6 model large ensembles, we evaluate model fidelity in reproducing spatial and temporal characteristics of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and their hydroclimate teleconnections compared to observations. We find that models' underestimation of decadal-scale Pacific SST variability is associated with their inability to produce large-amplitude decadal swings in precipitation in Southwestern North America that drive decadal variability in VPD. Finally, in Chapter 4, we investigate and contrast the possible climate drivers of observed increases in fire in the southwestern U.S. versus Eastern Australia, two of the most fire-prone regions of the world with significant, opposite-signed hydroclimate teleconnections to modes of Pacific decadal variability. We show that in both regions, VPD has increased with a large contribution from anthropogenic climate change. In the southwestern U.S., the recent trend in the tropical Pacific west--east sea surface temperature (SST) gradient contributed positively to the VPD-induced increase in burned forest area since 1984. However, in Eastern Australia, the tropical Pacific SST gradient trend has likely offset the anthropogenic climate change-induced increase in burned forest area.
일반주제명  
Climate change
일반주제명  
Atmospheric sciences
일반주제명  
Environmental science
일반주제명  
Meteorology
키워드  
Climate science
키워드  
Drought
키워드  
Humidity
키워드  
Pacific Ocean
키워드  
Wildfire
기타저자  
Columbia University Earth and Environmental Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aJacobson,  Tess  Wei-Ping.
■24510▼aDynamical  Climate  Drivers  of  Forest  Fire  in  Western  North  America  and  Beyond
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a212  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Seager,  Richard.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aBurned  forest  area  has  increased  significantly  in  Western  North  America  in  recent  decades,  driven  in  part  by  climate  conditions  becoming  more  conducive  to  fire.  This  dissertation  advances  our  understanding  of  the  large-scale  climate  dynamics  that  drive  drought  and  forest  fire  in  Western  North  America  and  similar  regions  around  the  world.  We  also  investigate  the  causes  and  implications  of  climate  model  biases  in  simulating  natural  climate  variability,  particularly  for  modes  and  phases  of  variability  with  large  impacts  on  drought  and  fire  in  Western  North  America.In  the  first  chapter,  we  identify  regional  and  global  climate  patterns  in  preceding  seasons  that  typically  influence  the  year-to-year  variability  of  burned  summer  forest  area  in  California.  High  vapor  pressure  deficit  (VPD),  high  temperatures,  low  precipitation,  high  subsidence,  high  geopotential  height,  low  soil  moisture,  and  low  snowpack  and  snowmelt  anomalies  all  correlate  significantly  with  July  California  burned  area  as  far  back  as  the  January  before  the  fire  season.  These  climate  anomalies  occur  as  part  of  a  hemispheric  scale  pattern  with  weak  connections  to  the  tropical  Pacific  Ocean.  We  explain  how  climate  and  weather  anomalies,  particularly  extreme  heat,  drove  the  record-breaking  burned-area  year  of  2018.VPD,  a  function  of  temperature  and  humidity,  is  a  skillful  seasonal  predictor  of  burned  area  in  the  southwestern  United  States  (the  "Southwest").  Unexpectedly,  despite  the  increased  capacity  of  a  warmer  atmosphere  to  hold  water  vapor,  near-surface  specific  humidity  decreased  from  1970  to  2019  in  much  of  the  Southwest,  particularly  in  spring,  summer,  and  fall.  In  Chapter  2,  we  identify  declining  near-surface  humidity  from  1970  to  2019  in  the  Southwest  with  reanalysis  and  in  situ  station  data.  Focusing  on  the  interior  Southwest  in  the  months  preceding  the  summer  forest  fire  season,  we  find  that  an  early  spring  decline  in  precipitation  in  the  interior  region  induced  a  decline  in  soil  moisture  and  evapotranspiration,  drying  the  lower  troposphere  in  summer.  This  prior  season  precipitation  decline  is  in  turn  related  to  a  trend  toward  a  Northern  Hemisphere  stationary  wave  pattern  that  places  a  high  pressure  ridge  over  the  interior  Southwest.  Using  fixed  humidity  and  temperature  scenarios  and  the  observed  exponential  relationship  between  VPD  and  burned  forest  area,  we  estimate  that  with  no  increase  in  temperature  at  all,  the  humidity  decline  alone  would  still  lead  to  nearly  one-quarter  of  the  observed  VPD-induced  increase  in  burned  area  over  1984-2019.Sea-surface  temperature  variability  in  the  Pacific  plays  a  powerful  role  in  evolving  global  hydroclimate  on  decadal  timescales,  particularly  in  Western  North  America.  Chapter  3  evaluates  the  ability  of  the  current  generation  of  climate  models  (CMIP6)  to  simulate  realistic  decadal  sea-surface  temperature  variability  in  the  Pacific  and  its  teleconnections  to  circulation,  precipitation,  and  aridity  around  the  world.  Using  CMIP6  model  large  ensembles,  we  evaluate  model  fidelity  in  reproducing  spatial  and  temporal  characteristics  of  the  Pacific  Decadal  Oscillation  (PDO)  and  the  Interdecadal  Pacific  Oscillation  (IPO),  and  their  hydroclimate  teleconnections  compared  to  observations.  We  find  that  models'  underestimation  of  decadal-scale  Pacific  SST  variability  is  associated  with  their  inability  to  produce  large-amplitude  decadal  swings  in  precipitation  in  Southwestern  North  America  that  drive  decadal  variability  in  VPD.  Finally,  in  Chapter  4,  we  investigate  and  contrast  the  possible  climate  drivers  of  observed  increases  in  fire  in  the  southwestern  U.S.  versus  Eastern  Australia,  two  of  the  most  fire-prone  regions  of  the  world  with  significant,  opposite-signed  hydroclimate  teleconnections  to  modes  of  Pacific  decadal  variability.  We  show  that  in  both  regions,  VPD  has  increased  with  a  large  contribution  from  anthropogenic  climate  change.  In  the  southwestern  U.S.,  the  recent  trend  in  the  tropical  Pacific  west--east  sea  surface  temperature  (SST)  gradient  contributed  positively  to  the  VPD-induced  increase  in  burned  forest  area  since  1984.  However,  in  Eastern  Australia,  the  tropical  Pacific  SST  gradient  trend  has  likely  offset  the  anthropogenic  climate  change-induced  increase  in  burned  forest  area.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  sciences
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  science
■650  4▼aMeteorology
■653    ▼aClimate  science
■653    ▼aDrought
■653    ▼aHumidity
■653    ▼aPacific  Ocean
■653    ▼aWildfire
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0725
■690    ▼a0768
■690    ▼a0557
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bEarth  and  Environmental  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359317▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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