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RNA-Targeting CRISPR Systems for Functional Genomics: High-Throughput Approaches to Gene Discovery and Protein Function
RNA-Targeting CRISPR Systems for Functional Genomics: High-Throughput Approaches to Gene D...
RNA-Targeting CRISPR Systems for Functional Genomics: High-Throughput Approaches to Gene Discovery and Protein Function

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105102
ISBN  
9798293893560
DDC  
574
저자명  
Al-Shimary, Muntathar Jamal.
서명/저자  
RNA-Targeting CRISPR Systems for Functional Genomics: High-Throughput Approaches to Gene Discovery and Protein Function
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
142 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Doudna, Jennifer;Savage, Dave.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Next-generation sequencing has turned functional genomics into a high-throughput discipline, making it routine to score the fitness impact of tens of thousands of perturbations in a single experiment. Standard CRISPRi workflows, however, still rely on DNA-targeting dCas9 or dCas12. These effectors must find a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), thread through local chromatin, and tolerate host base modifications, constraints that leave blind spots in coverage. The limitations are even sharper for RNA viruses and phage genomes packed with non-canonical bases, where many loci remain inaccessible and functional maps fall short of full resolution.Conventional CRISPR-based screens focus on DNA and therefore run into well-known obstacles: strict PAM requirements, chemically modified bases, and the protein shells that some jumbo phages assemble around their chromosomes. To circumvent these barriers, I redirected the intervention point to RNA. The resulting platform, CRISPRi-ART, employs a nuclease-inactive Cas13d from Ruminococcus flavefaciens (dRfxCas13d) as a programmable RNA-binding repressor. Because Cas13d engages single-stranded messenger RNA directly, it operates independently of PAM motifs and is unaffected by DNA modifications that block Cas9 or Cas12. Systematic tiling in Escherichia coli uncovered a consistent vulnerability: when dCas13d binds within roughly seventy nucleotides of the ribosome-binding site, translation efficiency drops by as much as three orders of magnitude. This empirical window enabled a streamlined design of seven guides per gene, providing genome-wide coverage in a single library while maintaining strong, reproducible knock-down.CRISPRi-ART was first put to the test against a long-standing obstacle in phage biology: functional annotation of viruses that evade DNA-focused tools because their genomes are heavily modified or sequestered inside protein shells. Using the platform on a panel of coliphages with single-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA, and double-stranded DNA genomes, I pinpointed viral genes that are indispensable for infection. Guides directed to the ribosome-binding sites of core structural and replication genes halted infection across this diverse set. A focused survey of the conserved rIIA-rIIB locus in T-even-related phages showed that these genes routinely disable host RexAB immunity, even when sequence identity is low. Transcriptome-wide libraries extended the analysis, generating fitness landscapes that flagged more than ninety previously unannotated genes required for productive growth. The method also succeeded against nucleus-forming jumbo phages, demonstrating that RNA-level targeting can circumvent viral compartments that exclude DNA nucleases and silence transcripts needed for virion assembly.I next turned the method on the host itself, running genome-scale CRISPRi-ART screens across the complete E. coli transcriptome. A compact, seven-guide library built from the RBS susceptibility rules was assayed under varied nutrient and stress regimes. The screens recovered roughly half of the established essential proteome and exposed context-dependent weak spots that appear only during shifts in carbon source or oxidative stress. Because CRISPRi-ART blocks translation rather than transcription, downstream genes in polycistronic operons remain expressed, sidestepping the polar effects that complicate DNA-based CRISPR interference in polycistronic organisms. Guide alone control experiments without the effector, showed effect sizes that could not be differentiated from background, emphasizing the need for the RNP complex for effective knockdown at the ribosome-binding site.CRISPRi-ART also opened a window on post-transcriptional control. By tiling guides across small RNAs, antisense transcripts, and riboswitch leaders, the screen pinpointed nucleotide stretches whose silencing shifts downstream gene output. These maps, collected under changing temperature, carbon source, and oxidative stress, give a functional readout that complements traditional RNA-seq and structure probing, adding a practical route to annotate regulatory RNAs at scale.In sum, CRISPRi-ART clears the most persistent bottlenecks in genome-wide functional analysis. By working at the RNA level, it sidesteps PAM constraints, DNA base modifications, and physical barriers that limit traditional CRISPR methods, making the platform broadly useful across bacterial, phage, and non-coding landscapes. Its straightforward guide design and high on-target specificity enable systematic studies that reach from operon architecture to host-virus cross-talk and RNA regulation. These strengths position CRISPRi-ART as a practical engine for strain optimization, designer phage discovery, and plug-and-play control of synthetic networks. Looking ahead, multiplex guide sets and combinatorial knock-downs should push the method further, turning transcriptome-scale screens into a routine tool for mapping and engineering complex genetic systems.
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
키워드  
Escherichia coli
키워드  
Essentiality
키워드  
Functional genomics
키워드  
Phage genomes
키워드  
Ruminococcus flavefaciens
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Molecular & Cell Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aAl-Shimary,  Muntathar  Jamal.
■24510▼aRNA-Targeting  CRISPR  Systems  for  Functional  Genomics:  High-Throughput  Approaches  to  Gene  Discovery  and  Protein  Function
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a142  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Doudna,  Jennifer;Savage,  Dave.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aNext-generation  sequencing  has  turned  functional  genomics  into  a  high-throughput  discipline,  making  it  routine  to  score  the  fitness  impact  of  tens  of  thousands  of  perturbations  in  a  single  experiment.  Standard  CRISPRi  workflows,  however,  still  rely  on  DNA-targeting  dCas9  or  dCas12.  These  effectors  must  find  a  protospacer-adjacent  motif  (PAM),  thread  through  local  chromatin,  and  tolerate  host  base  modifications,  constraints  that  leave  blind  spots  in  coverage.  The  limitations  are  even  sharper  for  RNA  viruses  and  phage  genomes  packed  with  non-canonical  bases,  where  many  loci  remain  inaccessible  and  functional  maps  fall  short  of  full  resolution.Conventional  CRISPR-based  screens  focus  on  DNA  and  therefore  run  into  well-known  obstacles:  strict  PAM  requirements,  chemically  modified  bases,  and  the  protein  shells  that  some  jumbo  phages  assemble  around  their  chromosomes.  To  circumvent  these  barriers,  I  redirected  the  intervention  point  to  RNA.  The  resulting  platform,  CRISPRi-ART,  employs  a  nuclease-inactive  Cas13d  from  Ruminococcus  flavefaciens  (dRfxCas13d)  as  a  programmable  RNA-binding  repressor.  Because  Cas13d  engages  single-stranded  messenger  RNA  directly,  it  operates  independently  of  PAM  motifs  and  is  unaffected  by  DNA  modifications  that  block  Cas9  or  Cas12.  Systematic  tiling  in  Escherichia  coli  uncovered  a  consistent  vulnerability:  when  dCas13d  binds  within  roughly  seventy  nucleotides  of  the  ribosome-binding  site,  translation  efficiency  drops  by  as  much  as  three  orders  of  magnitude.  This  empirical  window  enabled  a  streamlined  design  of  seven  guides  per  gene,  providing  genome-wide  coverage  in  a  single  library  while  maintaining  strong,  reproducible  knock-down.CRISPRi-ART  was  first  put  to  the  test  against  a  long-standing  obstacle  in  phage  biology:  functional  annotation  of  viruses  that  evade  DNA-focused  tools  because  their  genomes  are  heavily  modified  or  sequestered  inside  protein  shells.  Using  the  platform  on  a  panel  of  coliphages  with  single-stranded  RNA,  single-stranded  DNA,  and  double-stranded  DNA  genomes,  I  pinpointed  viral  genes  that  are  indispensable  for  infection.  Guides  directed  to  the  ribosome-binding  sites  of  core  structural  and  replication  genes  halted  infection  across  this  diverse  set.  A  focused  survey  of  the  conserved  rIIA-rIIB  locus  in  T-even-related  phages  showed  that  these  genes  routinely  disable  host  RexAB  immunity,  even  when  sequence  identity  is  low.  Transcriptome-wide  libraries  extended  the  analysis,  generating  fitness  landscapes  that  flagged  more  than  ninety  previously  unannotated  genes  required  for  productive  growth.  The  method  also  succeeded  against  nucleus-forming  jumbo  phages,  demonstrating  that  RNA-level  targeting  can  circumvent  viral  compartments  that  exclude  DNA  nucleases  and  silence  transcripts  needed  for  virion  assembly.I  next  turned  the  method  on  the  host  itself,  running  genome-scale  CRISPRi-ART  screens  across  the  complete  E.  coli  transcriptome.  A  compact,  seven-guide  library  built  from  the  RBS  susceptibility  rules  was  assayed  under  varied  nutrient  and  stress  regimes.  The  screens  recovered  roughly  half  of  the  established  essential  proteome  and  exposed  context-dependent  weak  spots  that  appear  only  during  shifts  in  carbon  source  or  oxidative  stress.  Because  CRISPRi-ART  blocks  translation  rather  than  transcription,  downstream  genes  in  polycistronic  operons  remain  expressed,  sidestepping  the  polar  effects  that  complicate  DNA-based  CRISPR  interference  in  polycistronic  organisms.  Guide  alone  control  experiments  without  the  effector,  showed  effect  sizes  that  could  not  be  differentiated  from  background,  emphasizing  the  need  for  the  RNP  complex  for  effective  knockdown  at  the  ribosome-binding  site.CRISPRi-ART  also  opened  a  window  on  post-transcriptional  control.  By  tiling  guides  across  small  RNAs,  antisense  transcripts,  and  riboswitch  leaders,  the  screen  pinpointed  nucleotide  stretches  whose  silencing  shifts  downstream  gene  output.  These  maps,  collected  under  changing  temperature,  carbon  source,  and  oxidative  stress,  give  a  functional  readout  that  complements  traditional  RNA-seq  and  structure  probing,  adding  a  practical  route  to  annotate  regulatory  RNAs  at  scale.In  sum,  CRISPRi-ART  clears  the  most  persistent  bottlenecks  in  genome-wide  functional  analysis.  By  working  at  the  RNA  level,  it  sidesteps  PAM  constraints,  DNA  base  modifications,  and  physical  barriers  that  limit  traditional  CRISPR  methods,  making  the  platform  broadly  useful  across  bacterial,  phage,  and  non-coding  landscapes.  Its  straightforward  guide  design  and  high  on-target  specificity  enable  systematic  studies  that  reach  from  operon  architecture  to  host-virus  cross-talk  and  RNA  regulation.  These  strengths  position  CRISPRi-ART  as  a  practical  engine  for  strain  optimization,  designer  phage  discovery,  and  plug-and-play  control  of  synthetic  networks.  Looking  ahead,  multiplex  guide  sets  and  combinatorial  knock-downs  should  push  the  method  further,  turning  transcriptome-scale  screens  into  a  routine  tool  for  mapping  and  engineering  complex  genetic  systems.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■653    ▼aEscherichia  coli  
■653    ▼aEssentiality
■653    ▼aFunctional  genomics
■653    ▼aPhage  genomes
■653    ▼aRuminococcus  flavefaciens
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0379
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bMolecular  &  Cell  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359330▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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