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Immersive Virtual Environments and Patient-Centered Design in the Pediatric Healthcare Built Environment
Immersive Virtual Environments and Patient-Centered Design in the Pediatric Healthcare Bui...
Immersive Virtual Environments and Patient-Centered Design in the Pediatric Healthcare Built Environment

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103006
ISBN  
9798288864988
DDC  
614
저자명  
Sathyanarayanan, Haripriya.
서명/저자  
Immersive Virtual Environments and Patient-Centered Design in the Pediatric Healthcare Built Environment
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
396 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Caldas, Luisa.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Pediatric healthcare environments significantly influence the emotional, physiological, and psychological well-being of young patients and their families. Despite advancements in healthcare design, existing practices often fail to address pediatric patients' specialized needs fully. This dissertation investigates the integration of immersive technologies, biosensors, and participatory design methods to create pediatric healthcare environments that prioritize well-being and family-centered care. It addresses gaps in traditional design approaches by employing a mixed-methods framework that integrates virtual reality (VR), physiological monitoring, and participatory engagement to evaluate user-centered design interventions.The research begins with an exploratory phase involving semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, including architects, pediatric nurses, and child life specialists. Thematic analysis identified key priorities for pediatric healthcare design: flexibility, patient and family-centered, and sensory-friendly spaces that cater to diverse patient populations, including neurodivergent children. Experts also highlighted the potential of emerging technologies, such as VR and biosensors, to enhance patient engagement and operational efficiency while recognizing the implementation challenges in practice.A pilot study was designed to test tools to capture pediatric patients' and their families' needs and preferences, using art-based engagement techniques for children and surveys for parents. Preliminary findings revealed that children valued sensory-rich environments, access to nature, and personal spaces, while parents emphasized privacy, ease of caregiving, and stress-reducing design elements. These insights informed the subsequent studies, demonstrating the feasibility and importance of integrating participatory tools into healthcare design research. The dissertation presents two experimental studies to evaluate the impact of specific design features on pediatric patients and their families:Study 1: This study used VR and eye-tracking technologies to assess how children and parents perceive comfort, care, and likeability in pediatric acute care patient rooms. Using 32 photographic stimuli, we analyzed visual attention patterns and subjective preferences across different age groups. The study included 44 participants-23 children (ages 8-11 and 12-17) and 21 parents-who evaluated hospital rooms in a controlled within-subjects experimental design.Findings indicate that younger children exhibited longer gaze durations (p 0.0001) on vibrant, interactive features such as artwork, toys, and colorful curtains, associating them with comfort and familiarity. Older children prioritized privacy and autonomy, showing higher fixation rates (p = 0.041) on furniture that supported personal space and reduced social exposure. Parents exhibited the most extended fixation durations (p 0.0001) on large windows and decluttered spaces, suggesting a preference for designs that balance functionality and emotional comfort.Linear regression analysis revealed that window views, personal items, and seating areas significantly influenced comfort and care perceptions across all age groups (p 0.05). Younger children rated rooms with nature views and playful elements higher for comfort, while older children preferred rooms with neutral tones and designated family spaces. Parentsemphasized caregiving-supportive features such as seating for visitors and accessible storage.These findings underscore the importance of age-sensitive design considerations in pediatric healthcare settings. Younger children benefit from sensory-rich environments, older children require autonomy-supportive layouts, and parents prioritize family-oriented and stress-reducing features. This study highlights the potential of VR and eye-tracking as effective tools for capturing real-time, data-driven feedback to inform evidence-based hospital design that enhances pediatric patient and family well-being.Study 2: This study employed fully immersive VR environments to assess physiological, emotional, and visual responses to pediatric room layouts and design features. Using eye-tracking, facial electromyography (fEMG), and heart rate variability (HRV), we examined how children and parents responded to window size, social support areas, and artwork in inboard vs. outboard layouts. The study included 28 participants: eight younger children (ages 8-11), eight older children (ages 12-17), and twelve parents.Younger children exhibited significantly lower HR in outboard rooms with large windows (Inboard: 88.76 bpm, Outboard: 81.56 bpm, p = 0.003), indicating a calming effect. Older children also showed HR reductions (Inboard: 82.54 bpm, Outboard: 78.38 bpm, p = 0.090). HRV (RMSSD) was significantly higher in Outboard layouts with large windows (p = 0.045), suggesting improved relaxation. Eye-tracking data revealed longer fixations on large windows compared to small windows, particularly among younger children (p = 0.032). Subjective feedback emphasized that larger windows contributed to openness and relaxation, though older children expressed concerns about brightness and privacy.Findings indicate that younger children exhibited positive emotional engagement with vibrant artwork (higher zygomaticus activity, p = 0.048). At the same time, high-visibility areas (e.g., glazed corridor walls) increased stress responses (higher corrugator activation, p = 0.041). Older children displayed heightened stress in Nurse View Window rooms (p = 0.018), reinforcing their preference for privacy. Parents prioritized caregiving-supportive features, favoring large windows and social spaces, which correlated with higher HRV (p = 0.045) and reduced stress responses.Eye-tracking data revealed significantly longer fixation durations on large windows (p = 0.032), linking them to visual engagement and emotional regulation. Younger children fixated more frequently on artwork. Heart rate data showed that outboard layouts increased arousal (higher HR, p = 0.003), whereas inboard layouts promoted relaxation (higher HRV, p =0.045).The 'Super Room' which integrated multiple design features, elicited mixed responses. Younger children experienced cognitive overload (shorter fixation durations, more frequent gaze shifts), while older children engaged more with structured social spaces. In terms of specific room rankings, younger children and parents ranked the Art Room highest in the outboard layout, whereas older children showed a preference for the Panoramic Window Room. The Small Window Room consistently received the lowest rankings across all groups. In the inboard layout, younger children and parents again favored the Art and Social Support Rooms, while older children ranked the Art Room lower and the Large Window Room highest.These findings underscore the importance of age-sensitive hospital room design. While younger children benefit from sensory-rich environments, older children require privacy, and parents seek stress-reducing spatial configurations. These insights support the development of evidence-based pediatric healthcare environments that enhance psychological comfort, engagement, and well-being.The dissertation also demonstrates the application of biosensors-including HRV, fEMG, and eye-tracking-to capture objective physiological responses to environmental stimuli. Combined with subjective feedback, these metrics provide a comprehensive understanding of how specific design elements influence stress, arousal, and emotional comfort. Key contributions of this research include introducing an innovative participatory design approach that integrates VR simulations and biosensor data to evaluate and inform pediatric healthcare environments, identifying age-specific preferences and needs in room design that emphasize sensory engagement and autonomy-supportive features for children, as well as family-centered spaces for caregiving and stress reduction, and providing evidence-based recommendations for architects, healthcare designers, and policymakers to create inclusive, supportive, and healing environments tailored to the needs of pediatric patients and their families.This dissertation provides a framework for integrating immersive technologies and physiological metrics into pediatric healthcare design practices, validated through empirical studies.
초록/해제  
요약The findings highlight the role of user-centered approaches that address emotional comfort, family involvement, and the adaptability of spaces to diverse needs. By combining participatory design with tools such as virtual reality (VR) and biosensors, this research offers evidence-based recommendations for architects, healthcare providers, and policymakers to design environments that reduce stress, support healing, and improve care outcomes for pediatric patients and their families.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Pediatrics
키워드  
Evidence-based design
키워드  
Eye tracking
키워드  
Immersive virtual environments
키워드  
Pediatric healthcare environments
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Architecture
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31841261
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a614
■1001  ▼aSathyanarayanan,  Haripriya.
■24510▼aImmersive  Virtual  Environments  and  Patient-Centered  Design  in  the  Pediatric  Healthcare  Built  Environment
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a396  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Caldas,  Luisa.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aPediatric  healthcare  environments  significantly  influence  the  emotional,  physiological,  and  psychological  well-being  of  young  patients  and  their  families.  Despite  advancements  in  healthcare  design,  existing  practices  often  fail  to  address  pediatric  patients'  specialized  needs  fully.  This  dissertation  investigates  the  integration  of  immersive  technologies,  biosensors,  and  participatory  design  methods  to  create  pediatric  healthcare  environments  that  prioritize  well-being  and  family-centered  care.  It  addresses  gaps  in  traditional  design  approaches  by  employing  a  mixed-methods  framework  that  integrates  virtual  reality  (VR),  physiological  monitoring,  and  participatory  engagement  to  evaluate  user-centered  design  interventions.The  research  begins  with  an  exploratory  phase  involving  semi-structured  interviews  with  15  experts,  including  architects,  pediatric  nurses,  and  child  life  specialists.  Thematic  analysis  identified  key  priorities  for  pediatric  healthcare  design:  flexibility,  patient  and  family-centered,  and  sensory-friendly  spaces  that  cater  to  diverse  patient  populations,  including  neurodivergent  children.  Experts  also  highlighted  the  potential  of  emerging  technologies,  such  as  VR  and  biosensors,  to  enhance  patient  engagement  and  operational  efficiency  while  recognizing  the  implementation  challenges  in  practice.A  pilot  study  was  designed  to  test  tools  to  capture  pediatric  patients'  and  their  families'  needs  and  preferences,  using  art-based  engagement  techniques  for  children  and  surveys  for  parents.  Preliminary  findings  revealed  that  children  valued  sensory-rich  environments,  access  to  nature,  and  personal  spaces,  while  parents  emphasized  privacy,  ease  of  caregiving,  and  stress-reducing  design  elements.  These  insights  informed  the  subsequent  studies,  demonstrating  the  feasibility  and  importance  of  integrating  participatory  tools  into  healthcare  design  research.  The  dissertation  presents  two  experimental  studies  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  specific  design  features  on  pediatric  patients  and  their  families:Study  1:  This  study  used  VR  and  eye-tracking  technologies  to  assess  how  children  and  parents  perceive  comfort,  care,  and  likeability  in  pediatric  acute  care  patient  rooms.  Using  32  photographic  stimuli,  we  analyzed  visual  attention  patterns  and  subjective  preferences  across  different  age  groups.  The  study  included  44  participants-23  children  (ages  8-11  and  12-17)  and  21  parents-who  evaluated  hospital  rooms  in  a  controlled  within-subjects  experimental  design.Findings  indicate  that  younger  children  exhibited  longer  gaze  durations  (p    0.0001)  on  vibrant,  interactive  features  such  as  artwork,  toys,  and  colorful  curtains,  associating  them  with  comfort  and  familiarity.  Older  children  prioritized  privacy  and  autonomy,  showing  higher  fixation  rates  (p  =  0.041)  on  furniture  that  supported  personal  space  and  reduced  social  exposure.  Parents  exhibited  the  most  extended  fixation  durations  (p    0.0001)  on  large  windows  and  decluttered  spaces,  suggesting  a  preference  for  designs  that  balance  functionality  and  emotional  comfort.Linear  regression  analysis  revealed  that  window  views,  personal  items,  and  seating  areas  significantly  influenced  comfort  and  care  perceptions  across  all  age  groups  (p    0.05).  Younger  children  rated  rooms  with  nature  views  and  playful  elements  higher  for  comfort,  while  older  children  preferred  rooms  with  neutral  tones  and  designated  family  spaces.  Parentsemphasized  caregiving-supportive  features  such  as  seating  for  visitors  and  accessible  storage.These  findings  underscore  the  importance  of  age-sensitive  design  considerations  in  pediatric  healthcare  settings.  Younger  children  benefit  from  sensory-rich  environments,  older  children  require  autonomy-supportive  layouts,  and  parents  prioritize  family-oriented  and  stress-reducing  features.  This  study  highlights  the  potential  of  VR  and  eye-tracking  as  effective  tools  for  capturing  real-time,  data-driven  feedback  to  inform  evidence-based  hospital  design  that  enhances  pediatric  patient  and  family  well-being.Study  2:  This  study  employed  fully  immersive  VR  environments  to  assess  physiological,  emotional,  and  visual  responses  to  pediatric  room  layouts  and  design  features.  Using  eye-tracking,  facial  electromyography  (fEMG),  and  heart  rate  variability  (HRV),  we  examined  how  children  and  parents  responded  to  window  size,  social  support  areas,  and  artwork  in  inboard  vs.  outboard  layouts.  The  study  included  28  participants:  eight  younger  children  (ages  8-11),  eight  older  children  (ages  12-17),  and  twelve  parents.Younger  children  exhibited  significantly  lower  HR  in  outboard  rooms  with  large  windows  (Inboard:  88.76  bpm,  Outboard:  81.56  bpm,  p  =  0.003),  indicating  a  calming  effect.  Older  children  also  showed  HR  reductions  (Inboard:  82.54  bpm,  Outboard:  78.38  bpm,  p  =  0.090).  HRV  (RMSSD)  was  significantly  higher  in  Outboard  layouts  with  large  windows  (p  =  0.045),  suggesting  improved  relaxation.  Eye-tracking  data  revealed  longer  fixations  on  large  windows  compared  to  small  windows,  particularly  among  younger  children  (p  =  0.032).  Subjective  feedback  emphasized  that  larger  windows  contributed  to  openness  and  relaxation,  though  older  children  expressed  concerns  about  brightness  and  privacy.Findings  indicate  that  younger  children  exhibited  positive  emotional  engagement  with  vibrant  artwork  (higher  zygomaticus  activity,  p  =  0.048).  At  the  same  time,  high-visibility  areas  (e.g.,  glazed  corridor  walls)  increased  stress  responses  (higher  corrugator  activation,  p  =  0.041).  Older  children  displayed  heightened  stress  in  Nurse  View  Window  rooms  (p  =  0.018),  reinforcing  their  preference  for  privacy.  Parents  prioritized  caregiving-supportive  features,  favoring  large  windows  and  social  spaces,  which  correlated  with  higher  HRV  (p  =  0.045)  and  reduced  stress  responses.Eye-tracking  data  revealed  significantly  longer  fixation  durations  on  large  windows  (p  =  0.032),  linking  them  to  visual  engagement  and  emotional  regulation.  Younger  children  fixated  more  frequently  on  artwork.  Heart  rate  data  showed  that  outboard  layouts  increased  arousal  (higher  HR,  p  =  0.003),  whereas  inboard  layouts  promoted  relaxation  (higher  HRV,  p  =0.045).The  'Super  Room'  which  integrated  multiple  design  features,  elicited  mixed  responses.  Younger  children  experienced  cognitive  overload  (shorter  fixation  durations,  more  frequent  gaze  shifts),  while  older  children  engaged  more  with  structured  social  spaces.  In  terms  of  specific  room  rankings,  younger  children  and  parents  ranked  the  Art  Room  highest  in  the  outboard  layout,  whereas  older  children  showed  a  preference  for  the  Panoramic  Window  Room.  The  Small  Window  Room  consistently  received  the  lowest  rankings  across  all  groups.  In  the  inboard  layout,  younger  children  and  parents  again  favored  the  Art  and  Social  Support  Rooms,  while  older  children  ranked  the  Art  Room  lower  and  the  Large  Window  Room  highest.These  findings  underscore  the  importance  of  age-sensitive  hospital  room  design.  While  younger  children  benefit  from  sensory-rich  environments,  older  children  require  privacy,  and  parents  seek  stress-reducing  spatial  configurations.  These  insights  support  the  development  of  evidence-based  pediatric  healthcare  environments  that  enhance  psychological  comfort,  engagement,  and  well-being.The  dissertation  also  demonstrates  the  application  of  biosensors-including  HRV,  fEMG,  and  eye-tracking-to  capture  objective  physiological  responses  to  environmental  stimuli.  Combined  with  subjective  feedback,  these  metrics  provide  a  comprehensive  understanding  of  how  specific  design  elements  influence  stress,  arousal,  and  emotional  comfort.  Key  contributions  of  this  research  include  introducing  an  innovative  participatory  design  approach  that  integrates  VR  simulations  and  biosensor  data  to  evaluate  and  inform  pediatric  healthcare  environments,  identifying  age-specific  preferences  and  needs  in  room  design  that  emphasize  sensory  engagement  and  autonomy-supportive  features  for  children,  as  well  as  family-centered  spaces  for  caregiving  and  stress  reduction,  and  providing  evidence-based  recommendations  for  architects,  healthcare  designers,  and  policymakers  to  create  inclusive,  supportive,  and  healing  environments  tailored  to  the  needs  of  pediatric  patients  and  their  families.This  dissertation  provides  a  framework  for  integrating  immersive  technologies  and  physiological  metrics  into  pediatric  healthcare  design  practices,  validated  through  empirical  studies.  
■520    ▼aThe  findings  highlight  the  role  of  user-centered  approaches  that  address  emotional  comfort,  family  involvement,  and  the  adaptability  of  spaces  to  diverse  needs.  By  combining  participatory  design  with  tools  such  as  virtual  reality  (VR)  and  biosensors,  this  research  offers  evidence-based  recommendations  for  architects,  healthcare  providers,  and  policymakers  to  design  environments  that  reduce  stress,  support  healing,  and  improve  care  outcomes  for  pediatric  patients  and  their  families.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aPediatrics
■653    ▼aEvidence-based  design
■653    ▼aEye  tracking
■653    ▼aImmersive  virtual  environments
■653    ▼aPediatric  healthcare  environments
■690    ▼a0729
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0767
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bArchitecture.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356631▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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