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Online Adaptation for Safe Control of Constrained Dynamical Systems
Online Adaptation for Safe Control of Constrained Dynamical Systems
Online Adaptation for Safe Control of Constrained Dynamical Systems

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103639
ISBN  
9798314873311
DDC  
629.8
저자명  
Parwana, Hardik.
서명/저자  
Online Adaptation for Safe Control of Constrained Dynamical Systems
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
219 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Panagou, Dimitra.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Advances in sensing modalities and computational power have led to the prospect of a widespread deployment of robots in our society. Central to this objective is developing control and navigation stacks that avoid conservatism, presumed to be measured by a performance metric, while being provably and practically safe. A crucial element that must be accounted for is that controllers, which are typically designed for and tuned in laboratory or highly monitored industrial settings for a specific scenario, may experience a drop in performance and lose their safety guarantees when used elsewhere. It is of paramount importance therefore to import robots with the capability to adapt their controllers online to customize responses to a priori untested environments.In brief, this dissertation presents (1) tools to adapt any parametric controller using a model-based approach to achieve simultaneous satisfaction of multiple state constraints and enhanced performance; (2) a numerical scheme for predicting future state distributions in systems governed by stochastic dynamics with state-dependent disturbances, which can be utilized in model-predictive approaches; and (3) a method to assist decision-making on dropping (disregarding) constraints when it is not feasible to satisfy all constraints simultaneously.A significant part of the dissertation focuses on a specific safety-critical control method called control barrier functions (CBF). The CBF-based controllers have garnered interest in recent years due to their ease of implementation. However, finding a theoretically valid CBF remains a challenge and in practice, they are prone to performance degradation and safety violations, especially when multiple CBFs are imposed together. This dissertation introduces a new notion of CBFs, called Rate-Tunable CBFs, that allows for time-varying parameters in theory and online tuning in practice.The dissertation starts with an introductory chapter reviewing safety-critical controllers and planners under deterministic and stochastic settings. The second chapter provides a thorough technical review of CBFs as well as concepts from optimization, probability and set invariance relevant to this work. The third and fourth chapters focus almost exclusively on control barrier functions. The third chapter formally introduces the notion of compatibility of multiple CBF constraints and then follows up with a metric - the volume of the feasible solution space of the QP - to quantify distance to the infeasibility of CBF-QP controllers. A new CBF is designed to prevent the volume from going to zero thereby ensuring the existence of a solution to the CBF-QP controller at all times. The fourth chapter then introduces our notion of Rate-Tunable CBFs that allow the parameters of class-K function to vary with time. This allows tuning of the response of CBF-based controllers. Two methods, one instantaneously locally optimal and another based on a model-predictive approach employing gradient-descent on parameters are introduced to design the parameter dynamics.The fifth chapter examines the effects of uncertain dynamics with state-dependent disturbances. A numerical scheme called Expansion-Compression (EC) Layers, based on the Unscented Transform (UT), is proposed to predict future state distributions. The UT is a weighted, particle-based method; the expansion layer increases the number of particles to represent increased uncertainty due to state-dependent disturbances, while the compression layer uses moment-matching to consolidate these particles into fewer, representative points, resulting in a scalable scheme. Applications of the EC-UT are shown in the gradient-based model predictive auto-tuning framework and the model predictive path integral controller, which advances the state of the art in sample efficiency.The sixth chapter takes a departure from parameter adaptation and imparts the controller the capability to permanently drop a constraint from its optimization problem. Such scenarios are of interest when some low-priority task specifications, imposed as state-input constraints, conflict with the safety or high-priority task constraints and need to be sacrificed. An algorithm is proposed to drop the minimum number of constraints under an additive priority scheme, a problem that is known to be NP-Hard but unexplored in the context of dynamical systems where the optimization plays the role of a controller. Towards this, a Lagrange multiplier-based heuristic that keeps track of active constraints in the past is introduced to form a more informed prior for solving the NP-Hard problem. It is shown empirically that the proposed heuristic outperforms the existing slack variable-based heuristics. 
일반주제명  
Robotics
일반주제명  
Computer engineering
키워드  
Safe control
키워드  
Control under uncertainty
키워드  
Online controller adaptation
키워드  
State constraints
키워드  
Stochastic dynamics
기타저자  
University of Michigan Robotics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aParwana,  Hardik.
■24510▼aOnline  Adaptation  for  Safe  Control  of  Constrained  Dynamical  Systems
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a219  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Panagou,  Dimitra.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aAdvances  in  sensing  modalities  and  computational  power  have  led  to  the  prospect  of  a  widespread  deployment  of  robots  in  our  society.  Central  to  this  objective  is  developing  control  and  navigation  stacks  that  avoid  conservatism,  presumed  to  be  measured  by  a  performance  metric,  while  being  provably  and  practically  safe.  A  crucial  element  that  must  be  accounted  for  is  that  controllers,  which  are  typically  designed  for  and  tuned  in  laboratory  or  highly  monitored  industrial  settings  for  a  specific  scenario,  may  experience  a  drop  in  performance  and  lose  their  safety  guarantees  when  used  elsewhere.  It  is  of  paramount  importance  therefore  to  import  robots  with  the  capability  to  adapt  their  controllers  online  to  customize  responses  to  a  priori  untested  environments.In  brief,  this  dissertation  presents  (1)  tools  to  adapt  any  parametric  controller  using  a  model-based  approach  to  achieve  simultaneous  satisfaction  of  multiple  state  constraints  and  enhanced  performance;  (2)  a  numerical  scheme  for  predicting  future  state  distributions  in  systems  governed  by  stochastic  dynamics  with  state-dependent  disturbances,  which  can  be  utilized  in  model-predictive  approaches;  and  (3)  a  method  to  assist  decision-making  on  dropping  (disregarding)  constraints  when  it  is  not  feasible  to  satisfy  all  constraints  simultaneously.A  significant  part  of  the  dissertation  focuses  on  a  specific  safety-critical  control  method  called  control  barrier  functions  (CBF).  The  CBF-based  controllers  have  garnered  interest  in  recent  years  due  to  their  ease  of  implementation.  However,  finding  a  theoretically  valid  CBF  remains  a  challenge  and  in  practice,  they  are  prone  to  performance  degradation  and  safety  violations,  especially  when  multiple  CBFs  are  imposed  together.  This  dissertation  introduces  a  new  notion  of  CBFs,  called  Rate-Tunable  CBFs,  that  allows  for  time-varying  parameters  in  theory  and  online  tuning  in  practice.The  dissertation  starts  with  an  introductory  chapter  reviewing  safety-critical  controllers  and  planners  under  deterministic  and  stochastic  settings.  The  second  chapter  provides  a  thorough  technical  review  of  CBFs  as  well  as  concepts  from  optimization,  probability  and  set  invariance  relevant  to  this  work.  The  third  and  fourth  chapters  focus  almost  exclusively  on  control  barrier  functions.  The  third  chapter  formally  introduces  the  notion  of  compatibility  of  multiple  CBF  constraints  and  then  follows  up  with  a  metric  -  the  volume  of  the  feasible  solution  space  of  the  QP  -  to  quantify  distance  to  the  infeasibility  of  CBF-QP  controllers.  A  new  CBF  is  designed  to  prevent  the  volume  from  going  to  zero  thereby  ensuring  the  existence  of  a  solution  to  the  CBF-QP  controller  at  all  times.  The  fourth  chapter  then  introduces  our  notion  of  Rate-Tunable  CBFs  that  allow  the  parameters  of  class-K  function  to  vary  with  time.  This  allows  tuning  of  the  response  of  CBF-based  controllers.  Two  methods,  one  instantaneously  locally  optimal  and  another  based  on  a  model-predictive  approach  employing  gradient-descent  on  parameters  are  introduced  to  design  the  parameter  dynamics.The  fifth  chapter  examines  the  effects  of  uncertain  dynamics  with  state-dependent  disturbances.  A  numerical  scheme  called  Expansion-Compression  (EC)  Layers,  based  on  the  Unscented  Transform  (UT),  is  proposed  to  predict  future  state  distributions.  The  UT  is  a  weighted,  particle-based  method;  the  expansion  layer  increases  the  number  of  particles  to  represent  increased  uncertainty  due  to  state-dependent  disturbances,  while  the  compression  layer  uses  moment-matching  to  consolidate  these  particles  into  fewer,  representative  points,  resulting  in  a  scalable  scheme.  Applications  of  the  EC-UT  are  shown  in  the  gradient-based  model  predictive  auto-tuning  framework  and  the  model  predictive  path  integral  controller,  which  advances  the  state  of  the  art  in  sample  efficiency.The  sixth  chapter  takes  a  departure  from  parameter  adaptation  and  imparts  the  controller  the  capability  to  permanently  drop  a  constraint  from  its  optimization  problem.  Such  scenarios  are  of  interest  when  some  low-priority  task  specifications,  imposed  as  state-input  constraints,  conflict  with  the  safety  or  high-priority  task  constraints  and  need  to  be  sacrificed.  An  algorithm  is  proposed  to  drop  the  minimum  number  of  constraints  under  an  additive  priority  scheme,  a  problem  that  is  known  to  be  NP-Hard  but  unexplored  in  the  context  of  dynamical  systems  where  the  optimization  plays  the  role  of  a  controller.  Towards  this,  a  Lagrange  multiplier-based  heuristic  that  keeps  track  of  active  constraints  in  the  past  is  introduced  to  form  a  more  informed  prior  for  solving  the  NP-Hard  problem.  It  is  shown  empirically  that  the  proposed  heuristic  outperforms  the  existing  slack  variable-based  heuristics. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aRobotics
■650  4▼aComputer  engineering
■653    ▼aSafe  control
■653    ▼aControl  under  uncertainty
■653    ▼aOnline  controller  adaptation
■653    ▼aState  constraints
■653    ▼aStochastic  dynamics
■690    ▼a0771
■690    ▼a0464
■690    ▼a0800
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bRobotics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358068▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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