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Applications of Mathematical Modeling in Implementing Cancer-Control Strategies
Applications of Mathematical Modeling in Implementing Cancer-Control Strategies
Applications of Mathematical Modeling in Implementing Cancer-Control Strategies

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104656
ISBN  
9798288823749
DDC  
614
저자명  
Albirair, Mohamed.
서명/저자  
Applications of Mathematical Modeling in Implementing Cancer-Control Strategies
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
92 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Etzioni, Ruth;Watkins, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Mathematical modeling (MM) is a valuable tool in planning and evaluating health interventions. Modeling and simulating change prior to implementing interventions or policies is a recognized strategy in the field of implementation science. However, in spite of its potential, it is under-utilized in this field, since the majority of studies applying MM simulate health outcomes rather than implementation outcomes, such as equity, reach and cost. The overall objective of this research is to demonstrate, through case three studies, applications of MM in implementing cancer-control interventions.The first application involves exploring whether race-informed, prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening strategies could mitigate observed racial disparities in fatal prostate cancer (PCa) in the US. This aim is motivated by other studies concluding that Black men have greater disease burden at an earlier onset. I used a microsimulation model of PCa natural history, which was calibrated to incidence data from population-based registry data and randomized trials. The model approximates historical incidence and mortality rates for the general US population and for Black men under historical PSA-based screening. I projected and compared age-specific incidence of fatal PCa (fPCa) for the general US population and for Black men under both historical and hypothetical intensified PSA-based screening strategies, shortening the inter-screening interval from biennial to annual and lowering the starting age for Black men from 50 to 40 years. I concluded that Targeted PSA-based screening can potentially mitigate racial disparities in fPCa incidence particularly among young men, but yet does not eliminate those disparities. Outputs from this aim could inform designing race-specific prostate-cancer screening guidelines.In the second application, I evaluate the cost-effectiveness implications of disseminating blood-based tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among currently-screened populations in US. This aim was motivated by other studies concluding that blood tests are less cost-effective but more convenient compared to other screening tests. I used two microsimulation models which simulate individual life histories of adenoma development, growth, and progression to CRC. Both models were calibrated to incidence data from population-based registry data. The main parameters that defined my simulation scenarios were the percentage of switching to blood tests among those who have been participating in screening, and the percentage of new uptake of blood tests among those who never screened before. Under different combinations of these two parameters, I projected health outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of introducing blood tests, calculated and reported model-specific thresholds levels of how much new uptake is needed to offset the losses resulting from switching. By factoring in trade-offs involved in improving adherence, reducing effectiveness and increasing costs, this aim will inform policy decision making with regards to screening modalities.In the third application, I projected the health outcomes and implementation costs for Uganda adopting a selected list of comprehensive cancer-control strategies targeting the five highest-broaden cancer types (cervical, prostate, esophagus, breast, and liver). This was a proof-of-concept model-building exercise and was meant to help identify financing strategies to deliver cancer care, since efforts in cancer modeling lack comprehensive, integrated policy-focused models that cover multiple standardized sets of interventions. I built a hybrid model that is composed of: (i) an open-population average, state-transition (Markov) model for health state projection; and (ii) a Cohort Component Model for population projections in future years. I simulated a scenario where an intervention package with coverage scale up (80%) and out-of-pocket expenditure scale down (0%) by 2050. I projected deaths averted, costs, and cases of inducted poverty under different financing strategies. The work also allowed quantifying financial risk protection and assessing Universal Health Coverage. Building on this work, I also plan on developing a decision-support tool to aid policymakers in prioritizing cancer prevention and early detection strategies.Collectively, my work will facilitate adoption and dissemination of evidence-based interventions and promote evidence-informed decision-making in the field of cancer control.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Health education
키워드  
Cancer
키워드  
Cancer screening
키워드  
Cancer-control interventions
키워드  
Implementation strategies
키워드  
Mathematical modeling
기타저자  
University of Washington Global Health
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Etzioni,  Ruth;Watkins,  David.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2025.
■520    ▼aMathematical  modeling  (MM)  is  a  valuable  tool  in  planning  and  evaluating  health  interventions.  Modeling  and  simulating  change  prior  to  implementing  interventions  or  policies  is  a  recognized  strategy  in  the  field  of  implementation  science.  However,  in  spite  of  its  potential,  it  is  under-utilized  in  this  field,  since  the  majority  of  studies  applying  MM  simulate  health  outcomes  rather  than  implementation  outcomes,  such  as  equity,  reach  and  cost.  The  overall  objective  of  this  research  is  to  demonstrate,  through  case  three  studies,  applications  of  MM  in  implementing  cancer-control  interventions.The  first  application  involves  exploring  whether  race-informed,  prostate-specific  antigen  (PSA)-based  screening  strategies  could  mitigate  observed  racial  disparities  in  fatal  prostate  cancer  (PCa)  in  the  US.  This  aim  is  motivated  by  other  studies  concluding  that  Black  men  have  greater  disease  burden  at  an  earlier  onset.  I  used  a  microsimulation  model  of  PCa  natural  history,  which  was  calibrated  to  incidence  data  from  population-based  registry  data  and  randomized  trials.  The  model  approximates  historical  incidence  and  mortality  rates  for  the  general  US  population  and  for  Black  men  under  historical  PSA-based  screening.  I  projected  and  compared  age-specific  incidence  of  fatal  PCa  (fPCa)  for  the  general  US  population  and  for  Black  men  under  both  historical  and  hypothetical  intensified  PSA-based  screening  strategies,  shortening  the  inter-screening  interval  from  biennial  to  annual  and  lowering  the  starting  age  for  Black  men  from  50  to  40  years.  I  concluded  that  Targeted  PSA-based  screening  can  potentially  mitigate  racial  disparities  in  fPCa  incidence  particularly  among  young  men,  but  yet  does  not  eliminate  those  disparities.  Outputs  from  this  aim  could  inform  designing  race-specific  prostate-cancer  screening  guidelines.In  the  second  application,  I  evaluate  the  cost-effectiveness  implications  of  disseminating  blood-based  tests  for  colorectal  cancer  (CRC)  screening  among  currently-screened  populations  in  US.  This  aim  was  motivated  by  other  studies  concluding  that  blood  tests  are  less  cost-effective  but  more  convenient  compared  to  other  screening  tests.  I  used  two  microsimulation  models  which  simulate  individual  life  histories  of  adenoma  development,  growth,  and  progression  to  CRC.  Both  models  were  calibrated  to  incidence  data  from  population-based  registry  data.  The  main  parameters  that  defined  my  simulation  scenarios  were  the  percentage  of  switching  to  blood  tests  among  those  who  have  been  participating  in  screening,  and  the  percentage  of  new  uptake  of  blood  tests  among  those  who  never  screened  before.  Under  different  combinations  of  these  two  parameters,  I  projected  health  outcomes,  costs,  and  cost-effectiveness  of  introducing  blood  tests,  calculated  and  reported  model-specific  thresholds  levels  of  how  much  new  uptake  is  needed  to  offset  the  losses  resulting  from  switching.  By  factoring  in  trade-offs  involved  in  improving  adherence,  reducing  effectiveness  and  increasing  costs,  this  aim  will  inform  policy  decision  making  with  regards  to  screening  modalities.In  the  third  application,  I  projected  the  health  outcomes  and  implementation  costs  for  Uganda  adopting  a  selected  list  of  comprehensive  cancer-control  strategies  targeting  the  five  highest-broaden  cancer  types  (cervical,  prostate,  esophagus,  breast,  and  liver).  This  was  a  proof-of-concept  model-building  exercise  and  was  meant  to  help  identify  financing  strategies  to  deliver  cancer  care,  since  efforts  in  cancer  modeling  lack  comprehensive,  integrated  policy-focused  models  that  cover  multiple  standardized  sets  of  interventions.  I  built  a  hybrid  model  that  is  composed  of:  (i)  an  open-population  average,  state-transition  (Markov)  model  for  health  state  projection;  and  (ii)  a  Cohort  Component  Model  for  population  projections  in  future  years.  I  simulated  a  scenario  where  an  intervention  package  with  coverage  scale  up  (80%)  and  out-of-pocket  expenditure  scale  down  (0%)  by  2050.  I  projected  deaths  averted,  costs,  and  cases  of  inducted  poverty  under  different  financing  strategies.  The  work  also  allowed  quantifying  financial  risk  protection  and  assessing  Universal  Health  Coverage.  Building  on  this  work,  I  also  plan  on  developing  a  decision-support  tool  to  aid  policymakers  in  prioritizing  cancer  prevention  and  early  detection  strategies.Collectively,  my  work  will  facilitate  adoption  and  dissemination  of  evidence-based  interventions  and  promote  evidence-informed  decision-making  in  the  field  of  cancer  control.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aHealth  education
■653    ▼aCancer
■653    ▼aCancer  screening
■653    ▼aCancer-control  interventions
■653    ▼aImplementation  strategies
■653    ▼aMathematical  modeling
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0769
■690    ▼a0680
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bGlobal  Health.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01A.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358401▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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