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Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by Amorphous Cobalt Germanium and Amorphous Platinum Germanium
Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by Amorphous Cobalt Germanium and Amorphous Platinum Germanium
Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by Amorphous Cobalt Germanium and Amorphous Platinum Germanium

Detailed Information

Material Type  
 단행본
 
0017359346
Date and Time of Latest Transaction  
20260202105105
ISBN  
9798297601086
DDC  
530
Author  
Ozgur, Rustem.
Title/Author  
Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by Amorphous Cobalt Germanium and Amorphous Platinum Germanium
Publish Info  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
Publish Info  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
Material Info  
122 p
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Hellman, Frances.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
Abstracts/Etc  
요약Efficient logic and memory units are essential for modern information technologies. A promising strategy for lowering the power consumption of magnetic memory and logic units involves switching magnetic bits using spin currents, which exert torque by transferring angular momentum upon entering a magnetic layer. Efficient generation of spin currents requires materials with high charge-to-spin conversion efficiency. Such materials, known as spin-orbit torque (SOT) generators, produce spin currents that can deterministically switch adjacent magnetic layers.In this thesis, we investigate amorphous CoxGe1−x and PtxGe1−x alloys as candidate SOT source materials for next-generation magnetic memory technologies. These systems offer tunable structural and electronic properties through compositional control. We hypothesize that amorphization enhances spin-orbit coupling, partially localizes charge carriers, and reduces the electron mean free path, thereby increasing spin-dependent scattering and improving charge-to-spin current conversion efficiency. Also, amorphization prevents additional phase formation and the need for a suitable seed layer, issues that hinder the practical use of crystalline heavy metals (which are commonly used as SOT generators) such as platinum and tungsten.Thin films of non-magnetic a-CoxGe1−x and a-PtxGe1−x were deposited using DC and pulsed magnetron co-sputtering. The films were interfaced with both in plane magnetized permalloy (Ni81Fe19) and out of plane magnetized Pt/Co multilayers, with appropriate capping layers. A comprehensive set of characterization techniques was employed: atomic force microscopy (AFM) and stylus profilometry for surface morphology and thickness calibration; X-ray reflectometry (XRR) for layer thickness; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) for compositional analysis; and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for microstructural evaluation. Magnetic properties were investigated using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).We observed significantly enhanced spin Hall angles (SHA) across the entire composition range, which we attribute to spin-orbit coupling enhancement via amorphization. SHA values increased with increasing Co or Pt content, reaching a maximum near the amorphous-to-crystalline transition, beyond which SHA began to decrease due to the onset of crystallization. Peak SHA values of 19.6% and 29.6% were achieved for Co55Ge45 and Pt70Ge30, respectively. These values exceed the 6% typically reported for pure Pt.Out of plane switching experiments further demonstrated the functionality of these materials. Co55Ge45 interfaced with Pt/Co multilayers achieved full switching with a switching current density as low as 1.91 x 106 A/cm2. Pt70Ge30 was partially switched with a current density of 1 x 107 A/cm2 . Both of these switching current densities are lower than those reported for pure Pt or Pt-based alloys (1.2 to 8.2 x 107 A/cm2 ). Concurrent magnetic domain imaging using magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopy revealed a quadrupolar switching behavior, with the switching behavior governed by the direction of the applied current and the in plane magnetic field. The imaging confirmed current-induced domain nucleation and propagation during the switching process. These results demonstrate the viability of amorphization as a design strategy for high-performance SOT materials. Amorphous CoxGe1−x and PtxGe1−x effectively convert electrical currents into spin currents and enable switching of out of plane magnetized layers, making them strong candidates for future SOT logic and memory applications.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Physics
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Applied physics
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Materials science
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Information technology
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Computational physics
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Amorphous
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Cobalt germanium
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Magnetic switching
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Magnetism
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Platinum germanium
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Spin-orbit torque
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
University of California, Berkeley Materials Science & Engineering
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
Electronic Location and Access  
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32236594
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a530
■1001  ▼aOzgur,  Rustem.
■24510▼aSpin-Orbit  Torque  Induced  by  Amorphous  Cobalt  Germanium  and  Amorphous  Platinum  Germanium
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a122  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hellman,  Frances.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aEfficient  logic  and  memory  units  are  essential  for  modern  information  technologies.  A  promising  strategy  for  lowering  the  power  consumption  of  magnetic  memory  and  logic  units  involves  switching  magnetic  bits  using  spin  currents,  which  exert  torque  by  transferring  angular  momentum  upon  entering  a  magnetic  layer.  Efficient  generation  of  spin  currents  requires  materials  with  high  charge-to-spin  conversion  efficiency.  Such  materials,  known  as  spin-orbit  torque  (SOT)  generators,  produce  spin  currents  that  can  deterministically  switch  adjacent  magnetic  layers.In  this  thesis,  we  investigate  amorphous  CoxGe1−x  and  PtxGe1−x  alloys  as  candidate  SOT  source  materials  for  next-generation  magnetic  memory  technologies.  These  systems  offer  tunable  structural  and  electronic  properties  through  compositional  control.  We  hypothesize  that  amorphization  enhances  spin-orbit  coupling,  partially  localizes  charge  carriers,  and  reduces  the  electron  mean  free  path,  thereby  increasing  spin-dependent  scattering  and  improving  charge-to-spin  current  conversion  efficiency.  Also,  amorphization  prevents  additional  phase  formation  and  the  need  for  a  suitable  seed  layer,  issues  that  hinder  the  practical  use  of  crystalline  heavy  metals  (which  are  commonly  used  as  SOT  generators)  such  as  platinum  and  tungsten.Thin  films  of  non-magnetic  a-CoxGe1−x  and  a-PtxGe1−x  were  deposited  using  DC  and  pulsed  magnetron  co-sputtering.  The  films  were  interfaced  with  both  in  plane  magnetized  permalloy  (Ni81Fe19)  and  out  of  plane  magnetized  Pt/Co  multilayers,  with  appropriate  capping  layers.  A  comprehensive  set  of  characterization  techniques  was  employed:  atomic  force  microscopy  (AFM)  and  stylus  profilometry  for  surface  morphology  and  thickness  calibration;  X-ray  reflectometry  (XRR)  for  layer  thickness;  Rutherford  backscattering  spectrometry  (RBS)  for  compositional  analysis;  and  high-resolution  transmission  electron  microscopy  (HRTEM)  for  microstructural  evaluation.  Magnetic  properties  were  investigated  using  superconducting  quantum  interference  device  (SQUID)  magnetometry  and  vibrating  sample  magnetometry  (VSM).We  observed  significantly  enhanced  spin  Hall  angles  (SHA)  across  the  entire  composition  range,  which  we  attribute  to  spin-orbit  coupling  enhancement  via  amorphization.  SHA  values  increased  with  increasing  Co  or  Pt  content,  reaching  a  maximum  near  the  amorphous-to-crystalline  transition,  beyond  which  SHA  began  to  decrease  due  to  the  onset  of  crystallization.  Peak  SHA  values  of  19.6%  and  29.6%  were  achieved  for  Co55Ge45  and  Pt70Ge30,  respectively.  These  values  exceed  the  6%  typically  reported  for  pure  Pt.Out  of  plane  switching  experiments  further  demonstrated  the  functionality  of  these  materials.  Co55Ge45  interfaced  with  Pt/Co  multilayers  achieved  full  switching  with  a  switching  current  density  as  low  as  1.91  x  106  A/cm2.  Pt70Ge30  was  partially  switched  with  a  current  density  of  1  x  107  A/cm2  .  Both  of  these  switching  current  densities  are  lower  than  those  reported  for  pure  Pt  or  Pt-based  alloys  (1.2  to  8.2  x  107  A/cm2  ).  Concurrent  magnetic  domain  imaging  using  magneto-optic  Kerr  effect  (MOKE)  microscopy  revealed  a  quadrupolar  switching  behavior,  with  the  switching  behavior  governed  by  the  direction  of  the  applied  current  and  the  in  plane  magnetic  field.  The  imaging  confirmed  current-induced  domain  nucleation  and  propagation  during  the  switching  process. These  results  demonstrate  the  viability  of  amorphization  as  a  design  strategy  for  high-performance  SOT  materials.  Amorphous  CoxGe1−x  and  PtxGe1−x  effectively  convert  electrical  currents  into  spin  currents  and  enable  switching  of  out  of  plane  magnetized  layers,  making  them  strong  candidates  for  future  SOT  logic  and  memory  applications.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aApplied  physics
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■650  4▼aInformation  technology
■650  4▼aComputational  physics
■653    ▼aAmorphous
■653    ▼aCobalt  germanium
■653    ▼aMagnetic  switching
■653    ▼aMagnetism
■653    ▼aPlatinum  germanium
■653    ▼aSpin-orbit  torque
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0215
■690    ▼a0489
■690    ▼a0216
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bMaterials  Science  &  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359346▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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