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Design of Sensors and Actuators for Totally Implantable Auditory Prostheses
Design of Sensors and Actuators for Totally Implantable Auditory Prostheses
Design of Sensors and Actuators for Totally Implantable Auditory Prostheses

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105227
ISBN  
9798291566695
DDC  
620
저자명  
Kitsopoulos, Panagiota.
서명/저자  
Design of Sensors and Actuators for Totally Implantable Auditory Prostheses
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
137 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Grosh, Karl.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Hearing loss is a debilitating condition that affects over 5% of the world's population. Hearing aids and cochlear implants help patients treat their hearing loss, but have limitations impacting their use rates. Totally implantable auditory prostheses would expand the range of activities a prosthesis user could engage in and enable 24/7 use. However, the lack of a completely implantable microphone that is robust, lightweight, and low-noise prevents the widespread adoption of completely implantable auditory prostheses. Current implantable sensors struggle to meet or exceed the performance necessary for this application. Moreover, three active middle ear implants have been developed to address some of the barriers associated with conventional hearing aids. However, all devices rely on transducers mechanically attached to a middle ear structure to deliver amplified stimuli, with no other alternative options. In this work, we aim to provide solutions that help bridge these gaps. First, we developed a discretized and exhaustive design optimization approach to identify multi-bandwidth transducers that meet the 20-phon noise floor over 100 Hz - 8 kHz, and can replace the external microphones in implantable prostheses. Our design procedure is based on an experimentally validated analytical model that simulates the response of miniature piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers. A four-bandwidth accelerometer with constrained proof mass thicknesses is selected as the design that best balances area minimization with ease of manufacturability. The estimated MEMS die dimensions are 825 μm x 575 μm, which is a 23% MEMS die area reduction compared to the previously published dual-bandwidth sensor. Second, we investigated the effect of the piezoelectric thickness, loss tangent, and piezoelectric coefficient on the sensor area of three canonical sensor designs: a sensor under uniform pressure, a sensor with a prescribed displacement at the free end, and an accelerometer with a proof mass. All three sensor designs have been or are currently used in research for totally implantable auditory prostheses. This study identified the direct relationships between the sensor areas and the piezoelectric thickness. These relationships can be used to predict the sensor area given a particular piezoelectric thickness, noise floor, and operational bandwidth. Specifically, assuming the material properties vary with thickness, the sensor area for a sensor under uniform pressure remains approximately constant regardless of the thickness. In contrast, the sensor areas for a sensor with a prescribed displacement and for an accelerometer decrease with an increasing thickness. However, these results depend on the material properties, and, for the accelerometer design, also on the operational bandwidth. Lastly, we carried out a new analysis where we investigated the feasibility of using an implanted middle ear speaker to amplify the motion of the stapes. We identified that an implanted middle ear speaker with a negative gain and small time delays can be used to provide amplification at the stapes. Specifically, at high frequencies (1 kHz), with a gain of -1, and no feedback or time delays, the amplification can be up to six times compared to the motion of the stapes with no middle ear speaker. Even greater amplification can be achieved with more negative gains. However, accounting for a time delay of 10 ms, we identified that for gains less than -4.5, the system can become unstable. In addition, high time delays introduce oscillations in the displacement of the stapes, but low time delays can significantly reduce this effect.
일반주제명  
Engineering
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering
일반주제명  
Biomechanics
일반주제명  
Mechanical engineering
키워드  
Auditory prostheses
키워드  
Middle ear speaker
키워드  
Accelerometers
키워드  
Design
키워드  
Piezoelectric thickness
기타저자  
University of Michigan Mechanical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aDesign  of  Sensors  and  Actuators  for  Totally  Implantable  Auditory  Prostheses
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aHearing  loss  is  a  debilitating  condition  that  affects  over  5%  of  the  world's  population.  Hearing  aids  and  cochlear  implants  help  patients  treat  their  hearing  loss,  but  have  limitations  impacting  their  use  rates.  Totally  implantable  auditory  prostheses  would  expand  the  range  of  activities  a  prosthesis  user  could  engage  in  and  enable  24/7  use.  However,  the  lack  of  a  completely  implantable  microphone  that  is  robust,  lightweight,  and  low-noise  prevents  the  widespread  adoption  of  completely  implantable  auditory  prostheses.  Current  implantable  sensors  struggle  to  meet  or  exceed  the  performance  necessary  for  this  application.  Moreover,  three  active  middle  ear  implants  have  been  developed  to  address  some  of  the  barriers  associated  with  conventional  hearing  aids.  However,  all  devices  rely  on  transducers  mechanically  attached  to  a  middle  ear  structure  to  deliver  amplified  stimuli,  with  no  other  alternative  options.  In  this  work,  we  aim  to  provide  solutions  that  help  bridge  these  gaps.  First,  we  developed  a  discretized  and  exhaustive  design  optimization  approach  to  identify  multi-bandwidth  transducers  that  meet  the  20-phon  noise  floor  over  100  Hz  -  8  kHz,  and  can  replace  the  external  microphones  in  implantable  prostheses.  Our  design  procedure  is  based  on  an  experimentally  validated  analytical  model  that  simulates  the  response  of  miniature  piezoelectric  microelectromechanical  systems  (MEMS)  accelerometers.  A  four-bandwidth  accelerometer  with  constrained  proof  mass  thicknesses  is  selected  as  the  design  that  best  balances  area  minimization  with  ease  of  manufacturability.  The  estimated  MEMS  die  dimensions  are  825  μm  x  575  μm,  which  is  a  23%  MEMS  die  area  reduction  compared  to  the  previously  published  dual-bandwidth  sensor.    Second,  we  investigated  the  effect  of  the  piezoelectric  thickness,  loss  tangent,  and  piezoelectric  coefficient  on  the  sensor  area  of  three  canonical  sensor  designs:  a  sensor  under  uniform  pressure,  a  sensor  with  a  prescribed  displacement  at  the  free  end,  and  an  accelerometer  with  a  proof  mass.  All  three  sensor  designs  have  been  or  are  currently  used  in  research  for  totally  implantable  auditory  prostheses.  This  study  identified  the  direct  relationships  between  the  sensor  areas  and  the  piezoelectric  thickness.  These  relationships  can  be  used  to  predict  the  sensor  area  given  a  particular  piezoelectric  thickness,  noise  floor,  and  operational  bandwidth.  Specifically,  assuming  the  material  properties  vary  with  thickness,  the  sensor  area  for  a  sensor  under  uniform  pressure  remains  approximately  constant  regardless  of  the  thickness.  In  contrast,  the  sensor  areas  for  a  sensor  with  a  prescribed  displacement  and  for  an  accelerometer  decrease  with  an  increasing  thickness.  However,  these  results  depend  on  the  material  properties,  and,  for  the  accelerometer  design,  also  on  the  operational  bandwidth.    Lastly,  we  carried  out  a  new  analysis  where  we  investigated  the  feasibility  of  using  an  implanted  middle  ear  speaker  to  amplify  the  motion  of  the  stapes.  We  identified  that  an  implanted  middle  ear  speaker  with  a  negative  gain  and  small  time  delays  can  be  used  to  provide  amplification  at  the  stapes.  Specifically,  at  high  frequencies  (1  kHz),  with  a  gain  of  -1,  and  no  feedback  or  time  delays,  the  amplification  can  be  up  to  six  times  compared  to  the  motion  of  the  stapes  with  no  middle  ear  speaker.  Even  greater  amplification  can  be  achieved  with  more  negative  gains.  However,  accounting  for  a  time  delay  of  10  ms,  we  identified  that  for  gains  less  than  -4.5,  the  system  can  become  unstable.  In  addition,  high  time  delays  introduce  oscillations  in  the  displacement  of  the  stapes,  but  low  time  delays  can  significantly  reduce  this  effect.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
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■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering
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■650  4▼aMechanical  engineering
■653    ▼aAuditory  prostheses
■653    ▼aMiddle  ear  speaker
■653    ▼aAccelerometers
■653    ▼aDesign
■653    ▼aPiezoelectric  thickness
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■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359861▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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