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Next-Generation Battery Modeling, Simulation, and Development
Next-Generation Battery Modeling, Simulation, and Development
Next-Generation Battery Modeling, Simulation, and Development

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105229
ISBN  
9798291567081
DDC  
620
저자명  
Gao, Tianhan.
서명/저자  
Next-Generation Battery Modeling, Simulation, and Development
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
173 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Lu, Wei.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약To advance the development of next-generation lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries, it is essential to comprehensively understand the aging and degradation, such as lithium dendrite nucleation and growth in lithium-metal electrodes, thermal degradation of liquid electrolytes, side reactions at electrode surfaces, and crack propagation at both the electrode and particle levels. Gaining insight into these phenomena is critical for guiding the design of novel battery architectures and optimizing operational protocols, ultimately enabling improvements in energy density, lifespan, and operational safety. In parallel, the development of fast, robust, and physics informed battery models is crucial, such models are not only fundamental for accurately capturing multi-physical interactions within batteries, but also for seamless integration into machine learning and optimization frameworks, thereby accelerating the innovation cycle for high energy-density and lifetime batteries. This dissertation primarily focuses on several critical aspects of battery research: the development of piezoelectric technology for suppressing dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries, the analysis of electrolyte thermal degradation, the formulation of novel reduced-order physics-based electrochemical models, and the proposal of an optimized thick-electrode microstructural design. These contributions aim to enhance battery performance, longevity, and computational efficiency, driving progress toward the next generation of high-performance energy storage systems.A primary challenge in the development of next-generation lithium-metal batteries is ensuring operational safety. Among the critical degradation mechanisms, lithium dendrite formation poses a significant threat. These dendrites can grow through the electrolyte and penetrate the separator, potentially leading to internal short circuits and thermal runaway. This safety risk represents a major obstacle to the commercialization of lithium-metal batteries, particularly under fast-charging conditions, where dendrite growth is often accelerated. We firstly show a piezoelectric mechanism that effectively suppresses dendrite growth, using a compliant piezoelectric film as a separator or coating. By proposing a theory that couples electrochemistry and piezoelectricity, we quantify the suppression effect and growth morphology. We find that the dendrite-suppression capability is over 5x106 stronger than the limit of mechanical blocking by any separators or solid state electrolytes. Surprisingly, the mechanism ensures depositing to a flat surface even if the initial substrate surface has significant protrusions, suggesting its robustness and effectiveness against manufacturing defects. We further develop a theory for piezoelectric thin film that couples the fields of electrochemistry, piezoelectricity and thin film mechanics. Such a fundamental framework is expected to help analyze various new phenomena and material innovation that involves electrochemistry and thin film piezo electricity. We also develop a theory for bulk porous piezoelectric medium integrating electrochemistry, piezoelectricity and mechanics. A piezoelectric over-potential is derived, which revealsafundamental relation to surface charge density, dielectric property of the medium, electrolyte concentration and diffusivity, and the reaction coefficient. The simulations show that piezoelectric medium suppresses electrodeposition on any protrusion, leading to a flat, dendrite free surface.We not only investigate the degradation of dendrite evolution for lithium-metal batteries, but also investigate the aging mechanism of a lithium-ion battery. Specifically, the electrolyte thermal decomposition during usage is one of the degradation mechanisms that can significantly influence the electrolyte ionic diffusivity and conductivity, which further significantly affects the power density and usable energy density. Understanding the degradation mechanism and its effect on ionic diffusivity is important for both battery design optimization to provide superior performance with a long cycle life and for better battery management during usage to extend the battery life. We quantitively predict the ionic diffusivity of key electrolytes and their degradation, including DMC-LiPF6, EMC-LiPF6 and DEC-LiPF6, with classical and ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of temperature, salt concentration and degree of thermal degradation on electrolyte ionic diffusivity are identified. DMC-LiPF6 shows the highest thermal stability, while DEC-LiPF6 shows the lowest thermal stability. Simulations show that the diffusion coefficients of cations and anions decrease with thermal degradation.Next, we develop and employ reliable and robust battery models capable of accurately predicting performance and degradation, which is essential to accelerate the iterative development of next-generation lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries, thereby reducing reliance on extensive physical testing. These models also play a critical role when integrated into optimization frameworks for the design of advanced battery architecture, including novel structural and geometrical configurations. However, the most widely adopted physics-based models, such as the P2D model, require solving complex partial differential equations (PDEs), typically through finite element or finite volume methods. These approaches demand substantial computational resources and involve extensive numerical iterations, making large-scale or real time simulations impractical. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop computational strategies that significantly accelerate simulation speed while preserving the predictive accuracy of physics-based battery models. We then develop physical-based, reduced-order electrochemical models that are much faster than the pseudo2D (P2D) model, while providing high accuracy even under the challenging conditions of high C-rate and strong polarization of lithium ion concentration and potential. In particular, an innovative weak form of equations are developed by using shape functions, which reduces the fully coupled electrochemical and transport equations to ordinary differential equations, and provides self-consistent solutions for the evolution of polynomial coefficients. Results show that the models, named as revised single-particle model (RSPM) and fast-calculating P2D model (FCP2D), give reliable prediction of battery operations, including under dynamic driving profiles. They can calculate battery parameters, such as terminal voltage, over-potential, interfacial current density, lithium-ion concentration distribution, and electrolyte potential distribution with a relative error less than2%. Applicable for moderately high C-rates (below 2.5 C), the RSPM is up to more than 33timesfaster than the P2D model. The FCP2D is applicable for high C-rates (above 2.5 C) and is about 8 times faster than the P2D model.Furthermore, we leverage our developed battery physical-based model with machine learning algorithm to optimize the battery micro-structure to promote cell performance, specifically for lithium-ion batteries with thick electrodes, which is highly effective in increasing the specific energy of a battery cell, but the associated increase in transport distance causes a major barrier for fast charging, which can further increase the mechanical degradation within the cell. We introduce a bio-inspired electrolyte channel design into thick electrodes to improve cell performance, especially under fast charging conditions, and reduce the electrode-level stress to reduce the mechanical degradation. Machine learning by deep artificial neural network (DNN) isdeveloped to relate the geometrical parameters of channels to the overall cell performance. Integrating machine learning with the Markov chain Monte Carlo gradient descent optimization, we demonstrate that the complicated multivariable channel geometry optimization problem can be efficiently solved.
일반주제명  
Engineering
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Mechanical engineering
키워드  
Lithium-ion battery
키워드  
Lithium-metal battery
키워드  
Dendrite suppression
키워드  
Electrolyte thermal degradation
키워드  
Fast-calculation model
기타저자  
University of Michigan Mechanical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aGao,  Tianhan.
■24510▼aNext-Generation  Battery  Modeling,  Simulation,  and  Development
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a173  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Lu,  Wei.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aTo  advance  the  development  of  next-generation  lithium-ion  and  lithium-metal  batteries,  it  is  essential  to  comprehensively  understand  the  aging  and  degradation,  such  as  lithium  dendrite  nucleation  and  growth  in  lithium-metal  electrodes,  thermal  degradation  of  liquid  electrolytes,  side  reactions  at  electrode  surfaces,  and  crack  propagation  at  both  the  electrode  and  particle  levels.  Gaining  insight  into  these  phenomena  is  critical  for  guiding  the  design  of  novel  battery  architectures  and  optimizing  operational  protocols,  ultimately  enabling  improvements  in  energy  density,  lifespan,  and  operational  safety.  In  parallel,  the  development  of  fast,  robust,  and  physics  informed  battery  models  is  crucial,  such  models  are  not  only  fundamental  for  accurately  capturing  multi-physical  interactions  within  batteries,  but  also  for  seamless  integration  into  machine  learning  and  optimization  frameworks,  thereby  accelerating  the  innovation  cycle  for  high  energy-density  and  lifetime  batteries.  This  dissertation  primarily  focuses  on  several  critical  aspects  of  battery  research:  the  development  of  piezoelectric  technology  for  suppressing  dendrite  formation  in  lithium  metal  batteries,  the  analysis  of  electrolyte  thermal  degradation,  the  formulation  of  novel  reduced-order  physics-based  electrochemical  models,  and  the  proposal  of  an  optimized  thick-electrode  microstructural  design.  These  contributions  aim  to  enhance  battery  performance,  longevity,  and  computational  efficiency,  driving  progress  toward  the  next  generation  of  high-performance  energy  storage  systems.A  primary  challenge  in  the  development  of  next-generation  lithium-metal  batteries  is  ensuring  operational  safety.  Among  the  critical  degradation  mechanisms,  lithium  dendrite  formation  poses  a  significant  threat.  These  dendrites  can  grow  through  the  electrolyte  and  penetrate  the  separator,  potentially  leading  to  internal  short  circuits  and  thermal  runaway.  This  safety  risk  represents  a  major  obstacle  to  the  commercialization  of  lithium-metal  batteries,  particularly  under  fast-charging  conditions,  where  dendrite  growth  is  often  accelerated.  We  firstly  show  a  piezoelectric  mechanism  that  effectively  suppresses  dendrite  growth,  using  a  compliant  piezoelectric  film  as  a  separator  or  coating.  By  proposing  a  theory  that  couples  electrochemistry  and  piezoelectricity,  we  quantify  the  suppression  effect  and  growth  morphology.  We  find  that  the  dendrite-suppression  capability  is  over  5x106  stronger  than  the  limit  of  mechanical  blocking  by  any  separators  or  solid  state  electrolytes.  Surprisingly,  the  mechanism  ensures  depositing  to  a  flat  surface  even  if  the  initial  substrate  surface  has  significant  protrusions,  suggesting  its  robustness  and  effectiveness  against  manufacturing  defects.  We  further  develop  a  theory  for  piezoelectric  thin  film  that  couples  the  fields  of  electrochemistry,  piezoelectricity  and  thin  film  mechanics.  Such  a  fundamental  framework  is  expected  to  help  analyze  various  new  phenomena  and  material  innovation  that  involves  electrochemistry  and  thin  film  piezo  electricity.  We  also  develop  a  theory  for  bulk  porous  piezoelectric  medium  integrating  electrochemistry,  piezoelectricity  and  mechanics.  A  piezoelectric  over-potential  is  derived,  which  revealsafundamental  relation  to  surface  charge  density,  dielectric  property  of  the  medium,  electrolyte  concentration  and  diffusivity,  and  the  reaction  coefficient.  The  simulations  show  that  piezoelectric  medium  suppresses  electrodeposition  on  any  protrusion,  leading  to  a  flat,  dendrite  free  surface.We  not  only  investigate  the  degradation  of  dendrite  evolution  for  lithium-metal  batteries,  but  also  investigate  the  aging  mechanism  of  a  lithium-ion  battery.  Specifically,  the  electrolyte  thermal  decomposition  during  usage  is  one  of  the  degradation  mechanisms  that  can  significantly  influence  the  electrolyte  ionic  diffusivity  and  conductivity,  which  further  significantly  affects  the  power  density  and  usable  energy  density.  Understanding  the  degradation  mechanism  and  its  effect  on  ionic  diffusivity  is  important  for  both  battery  design  optimization  to  provide  superior  performance  with  a  long  cycle  life  and  for  better  battery  management  during  usage  to  extend  the  battery  life.  We  quantitively  predict  the  ionic  diffusivity  of  key  electrolytes  and  their  degradation,  including  DMC-LiPF6,  EMC-LiPF6  and  DEC-LiPF6,  with  classical  and  ReaxFF  molecular  dynamics  simulations.  The  effect  of  temperature,  salt  concentration  and  degree  of  thermal  degradation  on  electrolyte  ionic  diffusivity  are  identified.  DMC-LiPF6  shows  the  highest  thermal  stability,  while  DEC-LiPF6  shows  the  lowest  thermal  stability.  Simulations  show  that  the  diffusion  coefficients  of  cations  and  anions  decrease  with  thermal  degradation.Next,  we  develop  and  employ  reliable  and  robust  battery  models  capable  of  accurately  predicting  performance  and  degradation,  which  is  essential  to  accelerate  the  iterative  development  of  next-generation  lithium-ion  and  lithium-metal  batteries,  thereby  reducing  reliance  on  extensive  physical  testing.  These  models  also  play  a  critical  role  when  integrated  into  optimization  frameworks  for  the  design  of  advanced  battery  architecture,  including  novel  structural  and  geometrical  configurations.  However,  the  most  widely  adopted  physics-based  models,  such  as  the  P2D  model,  require  solving  complex  partial  differential  equations  (PDEs),  typically  through  finite  element  or  finite  volume  methods.  These  approaches  demand  substantial  computational  resources  and  involve  extensive  numerical  iterations,  making  large-scale  or  real  time  simulations  impractical.  Therefore,  there  is  an  urgent  need  to  develop  computational  strategies  that  significantly  accelerate  simulation  speed  while  preserving  the  predictive  accuracy  of  physics-based  battery  models.  We  then  develop  physical-based,  reduced-order  electrochemical  models  that  are  much  faster  than  the  pseudo2D  (P2D)  model,  while  providing  high  accuracy  even  under  the  challenging  conditions  of  high  C-rate  and  strong  polarization  of  lithium  ion  concentration  and  potential.  In  particular,  an  innovative  weak  form  of  equations  are  developed  by  using  shape  functions,  which  reduces  the  fully  coupled  electrochemical  and  transport  equations  to  ordinary  differential  equations,  and  provides  self-consistent  solutions  for  the  evolution  of  polynomial  coefficients.  Results  show  that  the  models,  named  as  revised  single-particle  model  (RSPM)  and  fast-calculating  P2D  model  (FCP2D),  give  reliable  prediction  of  battery  operations,  including  under  dynamic  driving  profiles.  They  can  calculate  battery  parameters,  such  as  terminal  voltage,  over-potential,  interfacial  current  density,  lithium-ion  concentration  distribution,  and  electrolyte  potential  distribution  with  a  relative  error  less  than2%.  Applicable  for  moderately  high  C-rates  (below  2.5  C),  the  RSPM  is  up  to  more  than  33timesfaster  than  the  P2D  model.  The  FCP2D  is  applicable  for  high  C-rates  (above  2.5  C)  and  is  about  8  times  faster  than  the  P2D  model.Furthermore,  we  leverage  our  developed  battery  physical-based  model  with  machine  learning  algorithm  to  optimize  the  battery  micro-structure  to  promote  cell  performance,  specifically  for  lithium-ion  batteries  with  thick  electrodes,  which  is  highly  effective  in  increasing  the  specific  energy  of  a  battery  cell,  but  the  associated  increase  in  transport  distance  causes  a  major  barrier  for  fast  charging,  which  can  further  increase  the  mechanical  degradation  within  the  cell.  We  introduce  a  bio-inspired  electrolyte  channel  design  into  thick  electrodes  to  improve  cell  performance,  especially  under  fast  charging  conditions,  and  reduce  the  electrode-level  stress  to  reduce  the  mechanical  degradation.  Machine  learning  by  deep  artificial  neural  network  (DNN)  isdeveloped  to  relate  the  geometrical  parameters  of  channels  to  the  overall  cell  performance.  Integrating  machine  learning  with  the  Markov  chain  Monte  Carlo  gradient  descent  optimization,  we  demonstrate  that  the  complicated  multivariable  channel  geometry  optimization  problem  can  be  efficiently  solved.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aEngineering
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aMechanical  engineering
■653    ▼aLithium-ion  battery
■653    ▼aLithium-metal  battery
■653    ▼aDendrite  suppression
■653    ▼aElectrolyte  thermal  degradation
■653    ▼aFast-calculation  model
■690    ▼a0537
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0548
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bMechanical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359876▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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