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Novel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations
Novel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105231
- ISBN
- 9798291567302
- DDC
- 615
- 저자명
- Liu, Chante.
- 서명/저자
- Novel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 186 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Satin, Leslie S.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Type 2 diabetes (T2D), defined as elevated fasting and postprandial glucose, results from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells in response to elevated glucose and exhibits pulsatility with periods of 3-5 minutes. This dissertation will explore novel mechanisms that underly pulsatile insulin secretion. My central hypothesis is that islet pulsatility can be accounted for by understanding the underlying ion channel and metabolic feedback mechanisms intrinsic to the pancreatic beta cell. We will explore basal pulsatility, changes in oscillations in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the role of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in oscillations.The Integrated Oscillator Model (IOM) can explain pulsatile secretion seen in subthreshold glucose. We hypothesize that glycolytic oscillations will drive pulsatile basal insulin secretion. To test this, we exposed isolated mouse islets to low glucose and observed spontaneous oscillations in ATP/ADP and secretion. After measuring cytosolic ATP/ADP and Ca2+ simultaneously in low glucose, we found that both oscillations were out of phase, which differed from the IOM. We next imposed glucose pulses on islets and found that secretory pulses were triggered by elevated ATP/ADP and not Ca2+. Interestingly, Ca2+-dependent ATPases may mediate tight coupling between ATP/ADP and Ca2+ in low glucose. Increasing cAMP increased the secretory and metabolic pulses independently of Ca2+, suggesting an amplifying role for cAMP in basal secretion. The study thus supports a novel mechanism whereby pulsatile insulin secretion in low glucose is driven by metabolic oscillations and does not require Ca2+ oscillations to occur.We next studied how the accumulation of misfolded human IAPP (hIAPP) affected islet oscillations. We hypothesized that islets compensate for hIAPP toxicity by secreting more insulin in order to stay euglycemic. When hIAPP toxicity overtakes compensation, however, this would produce fasting hyperglycemia. The Ca2+ oscillations of isolated islets from euglycemic male hIAPP mice had larger amplitudes, periods, plateau fractions and first phase glucose responses, which may reflect compensation. These variables began to decrease before the onset of hyperglycemia occurred.To understand the role of SOCE in beta cells, we employed YM-58483 (YM), a widely used SOCE blocker. YM inhibited Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting a possible role for SOCE in generating oscillations. However, additional investigation showed a novel off target YM effect. Using Ca2+ probes specifically targeted to the cytosol, the ER, and mitochondria, we found that YM resulted in decreased Ca2+ in each of these organelles. YM also reduced cytosolic ATP leading us to propose that it had an off-target action to block ATP production thus disabling organellar Ca2+-ATPases. Furthermore, reduced cytosolic ATP resulted in KATP channel activation and therefore blockade of glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations. These results suggest that besides acutely inhibiting SOCE, YM also can inhibit mitochondrial metabolism. We confirmed that acute YM resulted in uncoupling OXPHOS in isolated cardiac mitochondria.Taken together, this study revealed novel mechanisms underlying pulsatile insulin secretion in both sub- and suprathreshold glucose and in a rodent T2D model. The study confirmed that a complex relationship between metabolism and calcium drives secretory pulses and likely other physiological processes in beta cells. The mechanisms elucidated here may support the development of novel therapies to improve or restore pulsatile insulin secretion in T2D patients and can help explain the effectiveness of current GLP-1 agonists to ameliorate diabetes in part by increasing beta cell cAMP.
- 일반주제명
- Pharmacology
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 일반주제명
- Pharmaceutical sciences
- 키워드
- Diabetes
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Pharmacology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008260126s2025 us c eng d■001000017359885
■00520260202105231
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798291567302
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32271892
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham006377
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a615
■1001 ▼aLiu, Chante.
■24510▼aNovel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a186 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Satin, Leslie S.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
■520 ▼aType 2 diabetes (T2D), defined as elevated fasting and postprandial glucose, results from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells in response to elevated glucose and exhibits pulsatility with periods of 3-5 minutes. This dissertation will explore novel mechanisms that underly pulsatile insulin secretion. My central hypothesis is that islet pulsatility can be accounted for by understanding the underlying ion channel and metabolic feedback mechanisms intrinsic to the pancreatic beta cell. We will explore basal pulsatility, changes in oscillations in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the role of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in oscillations.The Integrated Oscillator Model (IOM) can explain pulsatile secretion seen in subthreshold glucose. We hypothesize that glycolytic oscillations will drive pulsatile basal insulin secretion. To test this, we exposed isolated mouse islets to low glucose and observed spontaneous oscillations in ATP/ADP and secretion. After measuring cytosolic ATP/ADP and Ca2+ simultaneously in low glucose, we found that both oscillations were out of phase, which differed from the IOM. We next imposed glucose pulses on islets and found that secretory pulses were triggered by elevated ATP/ADP and not Ca2+. Interestingly, Ca2+-dependent ATPases may mediate tight coupling between ATP/ADP and Ca2+ in low glucose. Increasing cAMP increased the secretory and metabolic pulses independently of Ca2+, suggesting an amplifying role for cAMP in basal secretion. The study thus supports a novel mechanism whereby pulsatile insulin secretion in low glucose is driven by metabolic oscillations and does not require Ca2+ oscillations to occur.We next studied how the accumulation of misfolded human IAPP (hIAPP) affected islet oscillations. We hypothesized that islets compensate for hIAPP toxicity by secreting more insulin in order to stay euglycemic. When hIAPP toxicity overtakes compensation, however, this would produce fasting hyperglycemia. The Ca2+ oscillations of isolated islets from euglycemic male hIAPP mice had larger amplitudes, periods, plateau fractions and first phase glucose responses, which may reflect compensation. These variables began to decrease before the onset of hyperglycemia occurred.To understand the role of SOCE in beta cells, we employed YM-58483 (YM), a widely used SOCE blocker. YM inhibited Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting a possible role for SOCE in generating oscillations. However, additional investigation showed a novel off target YM effect. Using Ca2+ probes specifically targeted to the cytosol, the ER, and mitochondria, we found that YM resulted in decreased Ca2+ in each of these organelles. YM also reduced cytosolic ATP leading us to propose that it had an off-target action to block ATP production thus disabling organellar Ca2+-ATPases. Furthermore, reduced cytosolic ATP resulted in KATP channel activation and therefore blockade of glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations. These results suggest that besides acutely inhibiting SOCE, YM also can inhibit mitochondrial metabolism. We confirmed that acute YM resulted in uncoupling OXPHOS in isolated cardiac mitochondria.Taken together, this study revealed novel mechanisms underlying pulsatile insulin secretion in both sub- and suprathreshold glucose and in a rodent T2D model. The study confirmed that a complex relationship between metabolism and calcium drives secretory pulses and likely other physiological processes in beta cells. The mechanisms elucidated here may support the development of novel therapies to improve or restore pulsatile insulin secretion in T2D patients and can help explain the effectiveness of current GLP-1 agonists to ameliorate diabetes in part by increasing beta cell cAMP.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aPharmacology
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■650 4▼aPharmaceutical sciences
■653 ▼aIslet oscillations
■653 ▼aPulsatile insulin secretion
■653 ▼aPancreatic islets
■653 ▼aInsulin secretion
■653 ▼aDiabetes
■690 ▼a0419
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0307
■690 ▼a0572
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bPharmacology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-03B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359885▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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