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Novel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations
Novel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations
Novel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105231
ISBN  
9798291567302
DDC  
615
저자명  
Liu, Chante.
서명/저자  
Novel Mechanisms of Islet Oscillations
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
186 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Satin, Leslie S.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Type 2 diabetes (T2D), defined as elevated fasting and postprandial glucose, results from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells in response to elevated glucose and exhibits pulsatility with periods of 3-5 minutes. This dissertation will explore novel mechanisms that underly pulsatile insulin secretion. My central hypothesis is that islet pulsatility can be accounted for by understanding the underlying ion channel and metabolic feedback mechanisms intrinsic to the pancreatic beta cell. We will explore basal pulsatility, changes in oscillations in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the role of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in oscillations.The Integrated Oscillator Model (IOM) can explain pulsatile secretion seen in subthreshold glucose. We hypothesize that glycolytic oscillations will drive pulsatile basal insulin secretion. To test this, we exposed isolated mouse islets to low glucose and observed spontaneous oscillations in ATP/ADP and secretion. After measuring cytosolic ATP/ADP and Ca2+ simultaneously in low glucose, we found that both oscillations were out of phase, which differed from the IOM. We next imposed glucose pulses on islets and found that secretory pulses were triggered by elevated ATP/ADP and not Ca2+. Interestingly, Ca2+-dependent ATPases may mediate tight coupling between ATP/ADP and Ca2+ in low glucose. Increasing cAMP increased the secretory and metabolic pulses independently of Ca2+, suggesting an amplifying role for cAMP in basal secretion. The study thus supports a novel mechanism whereby pulsatile insulin secretion in low glucose is driven by metabolic oscillations and does not require Ca2+ oscillations to occur.We next studied how the accumulation of misfolded human IAPP (hIAPP) affected islet oscillations. We hypothesized that islets compensate for hIAPP toxicity by secreting more insulin in order to stay euglycemic. When hIAPP toxicity overtakes compensation, however, this would produce fasting hyperglycemia. The Ca2+ oscillations of isolated islets from euglycemic male hIAPP mice had larger amplitudes, periods, plateau fractions and first phase glucose responses, which may reflect compensation. These variables began to decrease before the onset of hyperglycemia occurred.To understand the role of SOCE in beta cells, we employed YM-58483 (YM), a widely used SOCE blocker. YM inhibited Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting a possible role for SOCE in generating oscillations. However, additional investigation showed a novel off target YM effect. Using Ca2+ probes specifically targeted to the cytosol, the ER, and mitochondria, we found that YM resulted in decreased Ca2+ in each of these organelles. YM also reduced cytosolic ATP leading us to propose that it had an off-target action to block ATP production thus disabling organellar Ca2+-ATPases. Furthermore, reduced cytosolic ATP resulted in KATP channel activation and therefore blockade of glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations. These results suggest that besides acutely inhibiting SOCE, YM also can inhibit mitochondrial metabolism. We confirmed that acute YM resulted in uncoupling OXPHOS in isolated cardiac mitochondria.Taken together, this study revealed novel mechanisms underlying pulsatile insulin secretion in both sub- and suprathreshold glucose and in a rodent T2D model. The study confirmed that a complex relationship between metabolism and calcium drives secretory pulses and likely other physiological processes in beta cells. The mechanisms elucidated here may support the development of novel therapies to improve or restore pulsatile insulin secretion in T2D patients and can help explain the effectiveness of current GLP-1 agonists to ameliorate diabetes in part by increasing beta cell cAMP.
일반주제명  
Pharmacology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Pharmaceutical sciences
키워드  
Islet oscillations
키워드  
Pulsatile insulin secretion
키워드  
Pancreatic islets
키워드  
Insulin secretion
키워드  
Diabetes
기타저자  
University of Michigan Pharmacology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aNovel  Mechanisms  of  Islet  Oscillations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a186  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Satin,  Leslie  S.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aType  2  diabetes  (T2D),  defined  as  elevated  fasting  and  postprandial  glucose,  results  from  insulin  resistance  and  impaired  insulin  secretion.  Insulin  is  secreted  by  pancreatic  beta  cells  in  response  to  elevated  glucose  and  exhibits  pulsatility  with  periods  of  3-5  minutes.  This  dissertation  will  explore  novel  mechanisms  that  underly  pulsatile  insulin  secretion.  My  central  hypothesis  is  that  islet  pulsatility  can  be  accounted  for  by  understanding  the  underlying  ion  channel  and  metabolic  feedback  mechanisms  intrinsic  to  the  pancreatic  beta  cell.  We  will  explore  basal  pulsatility,  changes  in  oscillations  in  the  development  of  type  2  diabetes  (T2D),  and  the  role  of  store-operated  calcium  entry  (SOCE)  in  oscillations.The  Integrated  Oscillator  Model  (IOM)  can  explain  pulsatile  secretion  seen  in  subthreshold  glucose.  We  hypothesize  that  glycolytic  oscillations  will  drive  pulsatile  basal  insulin  secretion.  To  test  this,  we  exposed  isolated  mouse  islets  to  low  glucose  and  observed  spontaneous  oscillations  in  ATP/ADP  and  secretion.  After  measuring  cytosolic  ATP/ADP  and  Ca2+  simultaneously  in  low  glucose,  we  found  that  both  oscillations  were  out  of  phase,  which  differed  from  the  IOM.  We  next  imposed  glucose  pulses  on  islets  and  found  that  secretory  pulses  were  triggered  by  elevated  ATP/ADP  and  not  Ca2+.  Interestingly,  Ca2+-dependent  ATPases  may  mediate  tight  coupling  between  ATP/ADP  and  Ca2+  in  low  glucose.  Increasing  cAMP  increased  the  secretory  and  metabolic  pulses  independently  of  Ca2+,  suggesting  an  amplifying  role  for  cAMP  in  basal  secretion.  The  study  thus  supports  a  novel  mechanism  whereby  pulsatile  insulin  secretion  in  low  glucose  is  driven  by  metabolic  oscillations  and  does  not  require  Ca2+  oscillations  to  occur.We  next  studied  how  the  accumulation  of  misfolded  human  IAPP  (hIAPP)  affected  islet  oscillations.  We  hypothesized  that  islets  compensate  for  hIAPP  toxicity  by  secreting  more  insulin  in  order  to  stay  euglycemic.  When  hIAPP  toxicity  overtakes  compensation,  however,  this  would  produce  fasting  hyperglycemia.  The  Ca2+  oscillations  of  isolated  islets  from  euglycemic  male  hIAPP  mice  had  larger  amplitudes,  periods,  plateau  fractions  and  first  phase  glucose  responses,  which  may  reflect  compensation.  These  variables  began  to  decrease  before  the  onset  of  hyperglycemia  occurred.To  understand  the  role  of  SOCE  in  beta  cells,  we  employed  YM-58483  (YM),  a  widely  used  SOCE  blocker.  YM  inhibited  Ca2+  oscillations,  suggesting  a  possible  role  for  SOCE  in  generating  oscillations.  However,  additional  investigation  showed  a  novel  off  target  YM  effect.  Using  Ca2+  probes  specifically  targeted  to  the  cytosol,  the  ER,  and  mitochondria,  we  found  that  YM  resulted  in  decreased  Ca2+  in  each  of  these  organelles.  YM  also  reduced  cytosolic  ATP  leading  us  to  propose  that  it  had  an  off-target  action  to  block  ATP  production  thus  disabling  organellar  Ca2+-ATPases.  Furthermore,  reduced  cytosolic  ATP  resulted  in  KATP  channel  activation  and  therefore  blockade  of  glucose-induced  Ca2+  oscillations.  These  results  suggest  that  besides  acutely  inhibiting  SOCE,  YM  also  can  inhibit  mitochondrial  metabolism.  We  confirmed  that  acute  YM  resulted  in  uncoupling  OXPHOS  in  isolated  cardiac  mitochondria.Taken  together,  this  study  revealed  novel  mechanisms  underlying  pulsatile  insulin  secretion  in  both  sub-  and  suprathreshold  glucose  and  in  a  rodent  T2D  model.  The  study  confirmed  that  a  complex  relationship  between  metabolism  and  calcium  drives  secretory  pulses  and  likely  other  physiological  processes  in  beta  cells.  The  mechanisms  elucidated  here  may  support  the  development  of  novel  therapies  to  improve  or  restore  pulsatile  insulin  secretion  in  T2D  patients  and  can  help  explain  the  effectiveness  of  current  GLP-1  agonists  to  ameliorate  diabetes  in  part  by  increasing  beta  cell  cAMP.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aPharmacology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aPharmaceutical  sciences
■653    ▼aIslet  oscillations
■653    ▼aPulsatile  insulin  secretion
■653    ▼aPancreatic  islets
■653    ▼aInsulin  secretion
■653    ▼aDiabetes
■690    ▼a0419
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0572
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bPharmacology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359885▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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