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Physiology of Apple Fruit Set and Abscission: Effect of Flower Position and Fertilization on Fruit Set and Fruit Carbohydrate Status
Physiology of Apple Fruit Set and Abscission: Effect of Flower Position and Fertilization ...
Physiology of Apple Fruit Set and Abscission: Effect of Flower Position and Fertilization on Fruit Set and Fruit Carbohydrate Status

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105639
ISBN  
9798265466167
DDC  
635
저자명  
Hillmann, Laura Alexandra.
서명/저자  
Physiology of Apple Fruit Set and Abscission: Effect of Flower Position and Fertilization on Fruit Set and Fruit Carbohydrate Status
발행사항  
[Sl] : Michigan State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
151 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Einhorn, Todd.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Crop load management is necessary for achieving consistent yields of high-quality apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit. This is generally achieved through chemical thinning within the first month from bloom, but thinner efficacy depends on the physiological processes and environmental factors that affect carbohydrate availability and sink competition. Fruitlets are susceptible to chemical thinners for only a few weeks after bloom. To avoid hand-thinning, producers need tools to improve thinning precision.A simplified fruit set prediction model was developed to estimate thinning efficacy and facilitate additional thinning applications before fruit become insensitive to thinners. The model, termed the fruitlet size distribution model (FSD), was compared to an established prediction model [the fruit growth rate (FGR) model] no longer used by stakeholders due to time-intensive sampling. Comparisons were made over several years, cultivars, and disparate growing regions throughout the USA. Overall, the FSD model reduced sampling time by ~half and successfully predicted fruit set in 83% of trials, compared with 67% for the FGR. Nonstructural carbohydrates of fruit from different size classes and positions on the cyme inflorescence were quantified to explain a fruit's predicted abscission fate. Small fruitlets (10th percentile) consistently had lower sugar concentrations, reduced relative growth rates, and greater likelihood of abscission, while larger fruitlets within the 90th percentile accumulated more starch and soluble sugars, reflecting stronger sink strength and higher retention probability. 50th percentile fruit tended to behave like 90th percentile fruit. Sorbitol and sucrose dynamics were responsive to tree-level carbon balance and thinner applications, underscoring the central role of assimilate supply in fruit set. Differences in carbohydrate concentration were more strongly associated with fruit size than fruit position. Pollination experiments were developed to manipulate the number and position of flowers within the cyme to evaluate the influence of positional dominance on fruit set outcomes. King fruitlets generally exhibited higher growth and set rates, reflecting their distinct positional advantage. When competition was reduced, lateral fruit could reach sizes comparable to kings, though fruit set was suppressed when spur- and whole-tree competition was increased. Cultivar differences were evident: proximal laterals of 'Gala' set less frequently, while kings predominated in retention, however, in 'Honeycrisp', laterals often persisted more reliably than kings when in direct competition though distal laterals had higher abscission rates. Overall, this dissertation suggests that fruit size and carbohydrate content are reliable predictors of fruit set outcomes. Positional differences within the cyme influence both traits but can be mitigated through targeted management practices that reduce competition.
일반주제명  
Horticulture
일반주제명  
Agronomy
일반주제명  
Agriculture
일반주제명  
Plant sciences
키워드  
Crop load management
키워드  
Malus domestica
키워드  
Prediction models
키워드  
Soluble sugars
기타저자  
Michigan State University Horticulture - Doctor of Philosophy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a635
■1001  ▼aHillmann,  Laura  Alexandra.
■24510▼aPhysiology  of  Apple  Fruit  Set  and  Abscission:  Effect  of  Flower  Position  and  Fertilization  on  Fruit  Set  and  Fruit  Carbohydrate  Status
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bMichigan  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a151  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Einhorn,  Todd.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Michigan  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aCrop  load  management  is  necessary  for  achieving  consistent  yields  of  high-quality  apple  (Malus  x  domestica  Borkh.)  fruit.  This  is  generally  achieved  through  chemical  thinning  within  the  first  month  from  bloom,  but  thinner  efficacy  depends  on  the  physiological  processes  and  environmental  factors  that  affect  carbohydrate  availability  and  sink  competition.  Fruitlets  are  susceptible  to  chemical  thinners  for  only  a  few  weeks  after  bloom.  To  avoid  hand-thinning,  producers  need  tools  to  improve  thinning  precision.A  simplified  fruit  set  prediction  model  was  developed  to  estimate  thinning  efficacy  and  facilitate  additional  thinning  applications  before  fruit  become  insensitive  to  thinners.  The  model,  termed  the  fruitlet  size  distribution  model  (FSD),  was  compared  to  an  established  prediction  model  [the  fruit  growth  rate  (FGR)  model]  no  longer  used  by  stakeholders  due  to  time-intensive  sampling.  Comparisons  were  made  over  several  years,  cultivars,  and  disparate  growing  regions  throughout  the  USA.  Overall,  the  FSD  model  reduced  sampling  time  by  ~half  and  successfully  predicted  fruit  set  in  83%  of  trials,  compared  with  67%  for  the  FGR.  Nonstructural  carbohydrates  of  fruit  from  different  size  classes  and  positions  on  the  cyme  inflorescence  were  quantified  to  explain  a  fruit's  predicted  abscission  fate.  Small  fruitlets  (10th  percentile)  consistently  had  lower  sugar  concentrations,  reduced  relative  growth  rates,  and  greater  likelihood  of  abscission,  while  larger  fruitlets  within  the  90th  percentile  accumulated  more  starch  and  soluble  sugars,  reflecting  stronger  sink  strength  and  higher  retention  probability.  50th  percentile  fruit  tended  to  behave  like  90th  percentile  fruit.  Sorbitol  and  sucrose  dynamics  were  responsive  to  tree-level  carbon  balance  and  thinner  applications,  underscoring  the  central  role  of  assimilate  supply  in  fruit  set.  Differences  in  carbohydrate  concentration  were  more  strongly  associated  with  fruit  size  than  fruit  position.  Pollination  experiments  were  developed  to  manipulate  the  number  and  position  of  flowers  within  the  cyme  to  evaluate  the  influence  of  positional  dominance  on  fruit  set  outcomes.  King  fruitlets  generally  exhibited  higher  growth  and  set  rates,  reflecting  their  distinct  positional  advantage.  When  competition  was  reduced,  lateral  fruit  could  reach  sizes  comparable  to  kings,  though  fruit  set  was  suppressed  when  spur-  and  whole-tree  competition  was  increased.  Cultivar  differences  were  evident:  proximal  laterals  of  'Gala'  set  less  frequently,  while  kings  predominated  in  retention,  however,  in  'Honeycrisp',  laterals  often  persisted  more  reliably  than  kings  when  in  direct  competition  though  distal  laterals  had  higher  abscission  rates.  Overall,  this  dissertation  suggests  that  fruit  size  and  carbohydrate  content  are  reliable  predictors  of  fruit  set  outcomes.  Positional  differences  within  the  cyme  influence  both  traits  but  can  be  mitigated  through  targeted  management  practices  that  reduce  competition.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0128.
■650  4▼aHorticulture
■650  4▼aAgronomy
■650  4▼aAgriculture
■650  4▼aPlant  sciences
■653    ▼aCrop  load  management
■653    ▼aMalus  domestica
■653    ▼aPrediction  models
■653    ▼aSoluble  sugars
■690    ▼a0471
■690    ▼a0479
■690    ▼a0473
■690    ▼a0285
■71020▼aMichigan  State  University▼bHorticulture  -  Doctor  of  Philosophy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-06B.
■790    ▼a0128
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360922▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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