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Safety Net Stress: Economic Responses to Complex Program Design
Safety Net Stress: Economic Responses to Complex Program Design
Safety Net Stress: Economic Responses to Complex Program Design

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102854
ISBN  
9798291567746
DDC  
320
저자명  
Richard, Katherine Rose Zucker.
서명/저자  
Safety Net Stress: Economic Responses to Complex Program Design
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
166 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Miller, Sarah Marie;Stephens, Melvin, Jr.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약To make ends meet each month, low-income American families rely on labor earnings, savings, borrowing, or monthly transfer income. If resources are inaccessible when expenses or unanticipated shocks arise, then families may experience adverse outcomes such as material hardships, stress and debt accumulation. My dissertation considers how complexity in social safety net programs affects resource access. Across three related chapters, I use empirical methods, in combination with large-scale administrative and experimental data, to learn about how access to public benefits, labor-market earnings, and unconditional cash income affects the economic well-being of low-income families. In the first chapter, we study the downstream economic consequences of not meeting safety net work requirements. We quantify economic responses using novel administrative data covering the full caseload of Michigan's Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, combined with monthly enrollment records in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Medicaid, as well as quarterly Unemployment Insurance earnings records. We find that penalties result in persistent enrollment declines in SNAP and Medicaid for all household members, even those still eligible for programs. Moreover, when policy reform increased the length of time that families were removed from TANF after violating work requirements, we find that far fewer families re-attach to TANF and formal employment declines due to a decreasing rate of job entry. Our findings indicate that sanctions reduce broader safety net attachment and increase economic instability for vulnerable families over the long-term. Chapter two next explores how random issuance timing of SNAP and TANF shapes intra-month benefit spending patterns for recipients. I use administrative data of SNAP and TANF spending covering over 40,000 program participants living across five U.S. states to study how multiple benefit issuance frequency shapes intra-month spending. Because SNAP and TANF issuance dates are randomly assigned, otherwise similar beneficiaries receive their benefits within a few days of one another, or as much as two weeks apart. I find that staggering benefit issuance by two weeks, relative to issuing benefits all at once, decreases benefit spending and increases the amount of benefits remaining at the end of the benefit month. Findings demonstrate that staggering transfers for very low-income families can help smooth benefit spending and increase resource access. Finally, the third chapter reports on the results of a randomized controlled study of a one-time $1,000 unconditional cash transfer in May 2020 to families with low incomes in twelve U.S. states. While unconditional cash can be used flexibly to fill in resource gaps, we find no statistically significant effects of the cash transfer on reported material hardship, mental health challenges, parenting behavior, child well-being, or partner conflict for the full sample. In pre-specified exploratory analyses, we find significant reductions in material hardship among families with less than $500 of earnings in the previous month, roughly the bottom 50 percent of monthly earnings for the study sample. Our results highlight the need for more research to understand how the frequency of unconditional cash transfers, transfer size, level of saturation, and whether the transfers are anticipated versus unanticipated affect well-being in the U.S. Taken together, these papers demonstrate that families navigate high levels of economic complexity on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. Policies to reduce penalties or simplify program rules have the potential to increase economic stability and program access among low-income families.
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Safety net
키워드  
Public economics
키워드  
Labor supply
키워드  
Social policy
키워드  
Cash transfers
키워드  
Causal inference
기타저자  
University of Michigan Public Policy & Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aRichard,  Katherine  Rose  Zucker.
■24510▼aSafety  Net  Stress:  Economic  Responses  to  Complex  Program  Design
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a166  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Miller,  Sarah  Marie;Stephens,  Melvin,  Jr.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aTo  make  ends  meet  each  month,  low-income  American  families  rely  on  labor  earnings,  savings,  borrowing,  or  monthly  transfer  income.  If  resources  are  inaccessible  when  expenses  or  unanticipated  shocks  arise,  then  families  may  experience  adverse  outcomes  such  as  material  hardships,  stress  and  debt  accumulation.  My  dissertation  considers  how  complexity  in  social  safety  net  programs  affects  resource  access.  Across  three  related  chapters,  I  use  empirical  methods,  in  combination  with  large-scale  administrative  and  experimental  data,  to  learn  about  how  access  to  public  benefits,  labor-market  earnings,  and  unconditional  cash  income  affects  the  economic  well-being  of  low-income  families.  In  the  first  chapter,  we  study  the  downstream  economic  consequences  of  not  meeting  safety  net  work  requirements.  We  quantify  economic  responses  using  novel  administrative  data  covering  the  full  caseload  of  Michigan's  Temporary  Assistance  for  Needy  Families  (TANF)  program,  combined  with  monthly  enrollment  records  in  the  Supplemental  Nutrition  Assistance  Program  (SNAP)  and  Medicaid,  as  well  as  quarterly  Unemployment  Insurance  earnings  records.  We  find  that  penalties  result  in  persistent  enrollment  declines  in  SNAP  and  Medicaid  for  all  household  members,  even  those  still  eligible  for  programs.  Moreover,  when  policy  reform  increased  the  length  of  time  that  families  were  removed  from  TANF  after  violating  work  requirements,  we  find  that  far  fewer  families  re-attach  to  TANF  and  formal  employment  declines  due  to  a  decreasing  rate  of  job  entry.  Our  findings  indicate  that  sanctions  reduce  broader  safety  net  attachment  and  increase  economic  instability  for  vulnerable  families  over  the  long-term.  Chapter  two  next  explores  how  random  issuance  timing  of  SNAP  and  TANF  shapes  intra-month  benefit  spending  patterns  for  recipients.  I  use  administrative  data  of  SNAP  and  TANF  spending  covering  over  40,000  program  participants  living  across  five  U.S.  states  to  study  how  multiple  benefit  issuance  frequency  shapes  intra-month  spending.  Because  SNAP  and  TANF  issuance  dates  are  randomly  assigned,  otherwise  similar  beneficiaries  receive  their  benefits  within  a  few  days  of  one  another,  or  as  much  as  two  weeks  apart.  I  find  that  staggering  benefit  issuance  by  two  weeks,  relative  to  issuing  benefits  all  at  once,  decreases  benefit  spending  and  increases  the  amount  of  benefits  remaining  at  the  end  of  the  benefit  month.  Findings  demonstrate  that  staggering  transfers  for  very  low-income  families  can  help  smooth  benefit  spending  and  increase  resource  access.  Finally,  the  third  chapter  reports  on  the  results  of  a  randomized  controlled  study  of  a  one-time  $1,000  unconditional  cash  transfer  in  May  2020  to  families  with  low  incomes  in  twelve  U.S.  states.  While  unconditional  cash  can  be  used  flexibly  to  fill  in  resource  gaps,  we  find  no  statistically  significant  effects  of  the  cash  transfer  on  reported  material  hardship,  mental  health  challenges,  parenting  behavior,  child  well-being,  or  partner  conflict  for  the  full  sample.  In  pre-specified  exploratory  analyses,  we  find  significant  reductions  in  material  hardship  among  families  with  less  than  $500  of  earnings  in  the  previous  month,  roughly  the  bottom  50  percent  of  monthly  earnings  for  the  study  sample.  Our  results  highlight  the  need  for  more  research  to  understand  how  the  frequency  of  unconditional  cash  transfers,  transfer  size,  level  of  saturation,  and  whether  the  transfers  are  anticipated  versus  unanticipated  affect  well-being  in  the  U.S.    Taken  together,  these  papers  demonstrate  that  families  navigate  high  levels  of  economic  complexity  on  a  daily,  weekly  and  monthly  basis.  Policies  to  reduce  penalties  or  simplify  program  rules  have  the  potential  to  increase  economic  stability  and  program  access  among  low-income  families.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aSafety  net
■653    ▼aPublic  economics
■653    ▼aLabor  supply
■653    ▼aSocial  policy
■653    ▼aCash  transfers
■653    ▼aCausal  inference
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0629
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bPublic  Policy  &  Economics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03A.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17365916▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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