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Applying Computational Systems Serology to Unravel the Heterogeneity of Antibody-Mediated Immunity in Infectious and Autoimmune Diseases
Applying Computational Systems Serology to Unravel the Heterogeneity of Antibody-Mediated ...
Applying Computational Systems Serology to Unravel the Heterogeneity of Antibody-Mediated Immunity in Infectious and Autoimmune Diseases

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103641
ISBN  
9798314874158
DDC  
610
저자명  
Shoffner-Beck, Suzanne K.
서명/저자  
Applying Computational Systems Serology to Unravel the Heterogeneity of Antibody-Mediated Immunity in Infectious and Autoimmune Diseases
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
170 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Arnold, Kelly B.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Antibodies are a vital part of the immune system that provide protection against infectious diseases, but they have also been implicated in the development of autoimmune disease. While the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) domain of the antibody plays an important role in neutralization, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the antibody binds to Fc receptors on innate immune cells to activate cellular effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). These functions are important for protection in infectious disease, but overactivation can lead to autoimmunity. Many different antibody and Fc receptor features contribute to these processes and thus it is difficult to unravel the role of each in ADCC and ADCP. As an additional layer of complexity, these features are highly variable across individuals, depending on personalized genetic and environmental factors. Newly developed systems serology approaches offer the opportunity to gain unique quantitative insight into these complex systems in both infectious and autoimmune diseases. In this work, we use systems serology to study the role of Fc effector functions in an autoimmune disease (Sjogren's syndrome) and in two different infectious diseases (SARS-CoV-2 and HIV). We show how these approaches can identify novel biomarkers, enable better understanding of disease heterogeneity, and provide new insights that may guide the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Using data-driven systems serology approaches in Sjogren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease that causes dry mouth and dry eye, we found antibody/FcR signatures involving FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa responses to classical antigens (such as Ro and La) were elevated in Sjogren's patients. We also found that non-classical antigen signatures were elevated in non-Sjogren's Sicca patients, as well as seronegative Sjogren's patients who had lower levels of classical antibody responses. Overall, this suggests a new mechanism whereby FcR activation via both classical and non-classical autoantigen binding could play a role in disease pathogenesis. These results provide important insight into biomarkers that could be used for diagnosis. In SARS-CoV-2, we were able to identify cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 antibody signatures that distinguished between pre-pandemic healthy children and elderly, providing the novel insight that elderly had more cross-reactive responses to human coronaviruses, while children had more targeted, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses. Furthermore, data-driven approaches identified an antibody signature that distinguished between a small sample size of COVID-19 infected individuals and healthy controls, driven by elevated FcγRIIIa responses. These results provided some of the first evidence to help understand differences in disease severity in younger children versus older adults early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, we employed mechanistic ordinary differential equation (ODE) models to gain insight into Fc effector function in HIV. A new model with two different FcR types was able to help us explore the complex dynamics between FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa activation, depending on complex balances of antibody subclass concentrations and binding affinity related to host genetic background. The model revealed optimal combinations of IgG1 and IgG3 concentrations for maximizing ADCP and ADCC respectively. Surprisingly, the model also revealed a new mechanism whereby increases in IgG3 could decrease ADCP. Simulations specific to different tissues indicated that that host genetics (Fc receptor polymorphisms) may influence responses in the blood but are not expected to contribute to differences in mucosal tissues. Overall, these approaches provide new knowledge that could help guide future vaccines and therapeutic interventions, specific to desirable Fc effector functions.
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering
일반주제명  
Health sciences
일반주제명  
Immunology
키워드  
Systems serology
키워드  
Infectious diseases
키워드  
Fragment antigen-binding
기타저자  
University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering PhD
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aApplying  Computational  Systems  Serology  to  Unravel  the  Heterogeneity  of  Antibody-Mediated  Immunity  in  Infectious  and  Autoimmune  Diseases
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a170  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Arnold,  Kelly  B.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2024.
■520    ▼aAntibodies  are  a  vital  part  of  the  immune  system  that  provide  protection  against  infectious  diseases,  but  they  have  also  been  implicated  in  the  development  of  autoimmune  disease.  While  the  fragment  antigen-binding  (Fab)  domain  of  the  antibody  plays  an  important  role  in  neutralization,  the  fragment  crystallizable  (Fc)  region  of  the  antibody  binds  to  Fc  receptors  on  innate  immune  cells  to  activate  cellular  effector  functions,  including  antibody-dependent  cellular  toxicity  (ADCC)  and  antibody-dependent  cellular  phagocytosis  (ADCP).  These  functions  are  important  for  protection  in  infectious  disease,  but  overactivation  can  lead  to  autoimmunity.  Many  different  antibody  and  Fc  receptor  features  contribute  to  these  processes  and  thus  it  is  difficult  to  unravel  the  role  of  each  in  ADCC  and  ADCP.  As  an  additional  layer  of  complexity,  these  features  are  highly  variable  across  individuals,  depending  on  personalized  genetic  and  environmental  factors.  Newly  developed  systems  serology  approaches  offer  the  opportunity  to  gain  unique  quantitative  insight  into  these  complex  systems  in  both  infectious  and  autoimmune  diseases.  In  this  work,  we  use  systems  serology  to  study  the  role  of  Fc  effector  functions  in  an  autoimmune  disease  (Sjogren's  syndrome)  and  in  two  different  infectious  diseases  (SARS-CoV-2  and  HIV).  We  show  how  these  approaches  can  identify  novel  biomarkers,  enable  better  understanding  of  disease  heterogeneity,  and  provide  new  insights  that  may  guide  the  development  of  diagnostic  tools  and  therapeutic  strategies.  Using  data-driven  systems  serology  approaches  in  Sjogren's  syndrome,  an  autoimmune  disease  that  causes  dry  mouth  and  dry  eye,  we  found  antibody/FcR  signatures  involving  FcγRIIa  and  FcγRIIIa  responses  to  classical  antigens  (such  as  Ro  and  La)  were  elevated  in  Sjogren's  patients.  We  also  found  that  non-classical  antigen  signatures  were  elevated  in  non-Sjogren's  Sicca  patients,  as  well  as  seronegative  Sjogren's  patients  who  had  lower  levels  of  classical  antibody  responses.  Overall,  this  suggests  a  new  mechanism  whereby  FcR  activation  via  both  classical  and  non-classical  autoantigen  binding  could  play  a  role  in  disease  pathogenesis.  These  results  provide  important  insight  into  biomarkers  that  could  be  used  for  diagnosis.  In  SARS-CoV-2,  we  were  able  to  identify  cross-reactive  SARS-CoV-2  antibody  signatures  that  distinguished  between  pre-pandemic  healthy  children  and  elderly,  providing  the  novel  insight  that  elderly  had  more  cross-reactive  responses  to  human  coronaviruses,  while  children  had  more  targeted,  SARS-CoV-2-specific  responses.  Furthermore,  data-driven  approaches  identified  an  antibody  signature  that  distinguished  between  a  small  sample  size  of  COVID-19  infected  individuals  and  healthy  controls,  driven  by  elevated  FcγRIIIa  responses.  These  results  provided  some  of  the  first  evidence  to  help  understand  differences  in  disease  severity  in  younger  children  versus  older  adults  early  in  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  Lastly,  we  employed  mechanistic  ordinary  differential  equation  (ODE)  models  to  gain  insight  into  Fc  effector  function  in  HIV.  A  new  model  with  two  different  FcR  types  was  able  to  help  us  explore  the  complex  dynamics  between  FcγRIIa  and  FcγRIIIa  activation,  depending  on  complex  balances  of  antibody  subclass  concentrations  and  binding  affinity  related  to  host  genetic  background.  The  model  revealed  optimal  combinations  of  IgG1  and  IgG3  concentrations  for  maximizing  ADCP  and  ADCC  respectively.  Surprisingly,  the  model  also  revealed  a  new  mechanism  whereby  increases  in  IgG3  could  decrease  ADCP.  Simulations  specific  to  different  tissues  indicated  that  that  host  genetics  (Fc  receptor  polymorphisms)  may  influence  responses  in  the  blood  but  are  not  expected  to  contribute  to  differences  in  mucosal  tissues.  Overall,  these  approaches  provide  new  knowledge  that  could  help  guide  future  vaccines  and  therapeutic  interventions,  specific  to  desirable  Fc  effector  functions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■650  4▼aImmunology
■653    ▼aSystems  serology
■653    ▼aInfectious  diseases
■653    ▼aFragment  antigen-binding
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■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bBiomedical  Engineering  PhD.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358080▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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