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Defect Characterization of High-Power Diode Lasers? Facets and Cavities
Defect Characterization of High-Power Diode Lasers? Facets and Cavities
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105233
- ISBN
- 9798291567548
- DDC
- 620
- 저자명
- Wang, Luyang.
- 서명/저자
- Defect Characterization of High-Power Diode Lasers? Facets and Cavities
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 137 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Pipe, Kevin P.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Diode lasers are widely used in various aspects of daily life, including medical devices, industrial manufacturing, and fiber-optic communication, owing to their high optical output, excellent beam quality, high efficiency, spectral coherence, and compact size. For high-power diode lasers, the three most critical performance metrics are maximum optical power output, efficiency, and device lifetime. However, all of these are fundamentally limited by degradation processes that occur within the chip during laser operation. These degradation processes are typically classified into three categories: rapid degradation, gradual degradation, and catastrophic optical damage (COD). Each of these modes is closely linked to the formation and evolution of defects, either on the front facet or within the laser cavity. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms behind defect formation and propagation is essential for understanding the degradation behavior of diode lasers and offers valuable insights for developing strategies to enhance device reliability and increase optical power without accelerating failure.In this dissertation, defect formation and evolution were monitored using non-destructive methods to characterize both facet and cavity defects in diode lasers. Given the well-established correlation between non-radiative defects and localized heating, thermal maps of the device's front facet can yield valuable information on the formation and progression of small point defect clusters at or near the facet during laser aging. To capture this information, a high-spatial-resolution CCD-based thermoreflectance technique was employed to profile the thermal behavior of the device facet throughout its lifetime. This technique offers a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A and a temperature resolution of about 0.2 K. Thermal maps collected over the device lifetime revealed that the average temperature rise (Δ\uD835\uDC47) of the active region increased from approximately 20 K to 45 K accompanied by the formation of several localized hot spots, including two highly concentrated regions that emerged just before and after catastrophic optical damage (COD). The occurrence of COD was indicated by a sudden loss of 68% of the original optical output power. These concentrated hot spots were found to correlate with localized loss of light emission. However, SEM imaging of the facet presented no observable morphological changes, suggesting that the associated defects are either too small to be resolved by SEM or are located beneath the facet surface.To image defect formation and evolution within the device cavity, an in situ and non-destructive NIR defect imaging technique was developed. This method utilizes broadband NIR emission originating from the core layers of the laser. Because its wavelength (\uD835\uDF06\uD835\uDC41\uD835\uDC3C\uD835\uDC45 ≥910 nm) is longer than the absorption edge of GaAs (\uD835\uDF06\uD835\uDC3A\uD835\uDC4E\uD835\uDC34\uD835\uDC60 ≃870 nm), this emission enables defect imaging through the substrate, even when the substrate is opaque at the lasing wavelength (\uD835\uDF06\uD835\uDC59\uD835\uDC4E\uD835\uDC60\uD835\uDC56\uD835\uDC5B\uD835\uDC54 ≃ 790 nm). The technique achieves a spatial resolution of approximately 1 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A. Using this approach, the evolution of dark line defects (DLDs) during aging was observed in 7 out of 9 devices. Correlations were established between observed defect growth characteristics and changes in key device parameters such as optical output power and lasing wavelength. Results show that gradual degradation is associated with DLDs that slowly propagate from pre-existing dark spots present in the device interior at the fresh (unaged) state, rather than from new spots formed during aging. This finding suggests the potential for early-stage screening of fresh devices based on initial defect signatures to predict long-term reliability.A longitudinal spatial dependence of the dark line defect growth velocity was observed from cavity defect images, captured using the NIR defect imaging technique. The growth rate for dark line defect located 100 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A from the facet is approximately 3 times higher than that for dark line defect located 1000 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A from the facet. This observation, along with the known non-uniform distribution of photon and carrier densities along the laser cavity, driven by the longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) effect, motivated an investigation into the underlying mechanism responsible for the position dependent DLD growth. A photon-accelerated defect growth mechanism is proposed. In contrast to the widely accepted recombination enhanced dislocation glide (REDG) mechanism, where carrier capture is the primary driver of defect propagation, the proposed mechanism highlights photon absorption as the dominant contributor to defect motion in diode laser devices. This does not exclude the role of carrier capture; rather, it suggests that both processes are active, with photon-induced energy deposition playing a leading role under the observed conditions. Nonlinear regression fitting, performed using the measured DLD growth rates and the simulated photon and carrier density profiles, confirms that photon absorption accounts for more than 65% of the contribution to DLD propagation near the facet and more than 50 % at 1000 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A from the facet, providing strong support for the proposed photon-accelerated growth mechanism.
- 일반주제명
- Engineering
- 일반주제명
- Electrical engineering
- 일반주제명
- Mechanical engineering
- 키워드
- Diode laser
- 키워드
- Defect imaging
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Mechanical Engineering
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008260126s2025 us c eng d■001000017359900
■00520260202105233
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798291567548
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32271919
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham006386
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a620
■1001 ▼aWang, Luyang.
■24510▼aDefect Characterization of High-Power Diode Lasers? Facets and Cavities
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a137 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Pipe, Kevin P.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
■520 ▼aDiode lasers are widely used in various aspects of daily life, including medical devices, industrial manufacturing, and fiber-optic communication, owing to their high optical output, excellent beam quality, high efficiency, spectral coherence, and compact size. For high-power diode lasers, the three most critical performance metrics are maximum optical power output, efficiency, and device lifetime. However, all of these are fundamentally limited by degradation processes that occur within the chip during laser operation. These degradation processes are typically classified into three categories: rapid degradation, gradual degradation, and catastrophic optical damage (COD). Each of these modes is closely linked to the formation and evolution of defects, either on the front facet or within the laser cavity. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms behind defect formation and propagation is essential for understanding the degradation behavior of diode lasers and offers valuable insights for developing strategies to enhance device reliability and increase optical power without accelerating failure.In this dissertation, defect formation and evolution were monitored using non-destructive methods to characterize both facet and cavity defects in diode lasers. Given the well-established correlation between non-radiative defects and localized heating, thermal maps of the device's front facet can yield valuable information on the formation and progression of small point defect clusters at or near the facet during laser aging. To capture this information, a high-spatial-resolution CCD-based thermoreflectance technique was employed to profile the thermal behavior of the device facet throughout its lifetime. This technique offers a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A and a temperature resolution of about 0.2 K. Thermal maps collected over the device lifetime revealed that the average temperature rise (Δ\uD835\uDC47) of the active region increased from approximately 20 K to 45 K accompanied by the formation of several localized hot spots, including two highly concentrated regions that emerged just before and after catastrophic optical damage (COD). The occurrence of COD was indicated by a sudden loss of 68% of the original optical output power. These concentrated hot spots were found to correlate with localized loss of light emission. However, SEM imaging of the facet presented no observable morphological changes, suggesting that the associated defects are either too small to be resolved by SEM or are located beneath the facet surface.To image defect formation and evolution within the device cavity, an in situ and non-destructive NIR defect imaging technique was developed. This method utilizes broadband NIR emission originating from the core layers of the laser. Because its wavelength (\uD835\uDF06\uD835\uDC41\uD835\uDC3C\uD835\uDC45 ≥910 nm) is longer than the absorption edge of GaAs (\uD835\uDF06\uD835\uDC3A\uD835\uDC4E\uD835\uDC34\uD835\uDC60 ≃870 nm), this emission enables defect imaging through the substrate, even when the substrate is opaque at the lasing wavelength (\uD835\uDF06\uD835\uDC59\uD835\uDC4E\uD835\uDC60\uD835\uDC56\uD835\uDC5B\uD835\uDC54 ≃ 790 nm). The technique achieves a spatial resolution of approximately 1 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A. Using this approach, the evolution of dark line defects (DLDs) during aging was observed in 7 out of 9 devices. Correlations were established between observed defect growth characteristics and changes in key device parameters such as optical output power and lasing wavelength. Results show that gradual degradation is associated with DLDs that slowly propagate from pre-existing dark spots present in the device interior at the fresh (unaged) state, rather than from new spots formed during aging. This finding suggests the potential for early-stage screening of fresh devices based on initial defect signatures to predict long-term reliability.A longitudinal spatial dependence of the dark line defect growth velocity was observed from cavity defect images, captured using the NIR defect imaging technique. The growth rate for dark line defect located 100 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A from the facet is approximately 3 times higher than that for dark line defect located 1000 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A from the facet. This observation, along with the known non-uniform distribution of photon and carrier densities along the laser cavity, driven by the longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) effect, motivated an investigation into the underlying mechanism responsible for the position dependent DLD growth. A photon-accelerated defect growth mechanism is proposed. In contrast to the widely accepted recombination enhanced dislocation glide (REDG) mechanism, where carrier capture is the primary driver of defect propagation, the proposed mechanism highlights photon absorption as the dominant contributor to defect motion in diode laser devices. This does not exclude the role of carrier capture; rather, it suggests that both processes are active, with photon-induced energy deposition playing a leading role under the observed conditions. Nonlinear regression fitting, performed using the measured DLD growth rates and the simulated photon and carrier density profiles, confirms that photon absorption accounts for more than 65% of the contribution to DLD propagation near the facet and more than 50 % at 1000 \uD835\uDF07\uD835\uDC5A from the facet, providing strong support for the proposed photon-accelerated growth mechanism.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aEngineering
■650 4▼aElectrical engineering
■650 4▼aMechanical engineering
■653 ▼aDiode laser
■653 ▼aLaser degradation
■653 ▼aDefect imaging
■653 ▼aThermoreflectance microscopy
■653 ▼aDislocation motions
■690 ▼a0537
■690 ▼a0548
■690 ▼a0544
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bMechanical Engineering.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-03B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359900▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


