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Chimeric AR Motifs and Neo-Enhancer Expansion in Prostate Cancer Development
Chimeric AR Motifs and Neo-Enhancer Expansion in Prostate Cancer Development
Chimeric AR Motifs and Neo-Enhancer Expansion in Prostate Cancer Development

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105233
ISBN  
9798291567555
DDC  
616.99
저자명  
Eyunni, Sanjana.
서명/저자  
Chimeric AR Motifs and Neo-Enhancer Expansion in Prostate Cancer Development
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
216 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Chinnaiyan, Arul M.;Parolia, Abhijit.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약While cancer has traditionally been viewed as a genetic disease, the role of epigenetics, which literally translates to "above genetics," has revealed another layer of complexity. Somatic and germline mutations, in collaboration with reversible histone and DNA chemical modifications, reprogram chromatin architecture and modulate gene expression. Multiprotein complexes deposit and interpret these epigenetic marks, functioning as readers, writers, or erasers of epigenetic information. Notably, many epigenetic proteins are mutated or aberrantly expressed in cancer, leading to the recognition of "nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming" as a new hallmark of human cancers. Today, we reframe cancer as a result of interactions between the genome and epigenome, a theme that is the focus of my thesis. Here, we uncover the genomic and epigenomic contributions underlying oncogenic androgen receptor (AR) reprogramming, prostate cancer development, and therapy resistance, with a particular emphasis on understanding the interplay between two key proteins: FOXA1 and NSD2.The cellular identity of a prostate cell is determined by the expression of AR and its downstream signaling. In a normal prostate luminal epithelial cell, AR drives terminal differentiation, i.e., its activity impedes proliferation. However, upon transformation, AR activates malignant and proliferative gene programs, largely mediated through extensive reprogramming of AR's chromatin occupancy. Here, using a CRISPR-screening approach, we identified NSD2, an H3K36 dimethyltransferase, as a critical epigenetic cofactor responsible for reprogramming AR at its tumor-specific enhancers. Notably, NSD2 expression is abnormally induced in prostate cancer, where it collaborates with FOXA1 to reprogram AR binding at enhancer sites that harbor chimeric FOXA1:AR half-motifs. Loss of NSD2 inactivates cancer hallmark features of invasion and migration and fosters increased dependency on a paralogous gene called NSD1. Hence, we developed a dual NSD1/2 PROTAC degrader that exhibits preferential cytotoxicity in ARdependent prostate cancer. Altogether, we characterize NSD2 as an essential AR neo-enhanceosome subunit that enables its oncogenic activity, and position NSD1/2 as viable cotargets in advanced prostate cancer.NSD2-dependent reprogramming of AR at chimeric half-sites relies on FOXA1's pioneering activity. FOXA1 decompacts chromatin to recruit lineage-specific transcription factors, such as AR in the prostate epithelia, and chromatin remodeling proteins. Earlier, our lab found FOXA1 to be recurrently altered in over 35% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cases in Caucasian White men, which recur within three distinct structural classes with distinct clinical incidence and gain-of-function. More recently, FOXA1 was reported to be mutated in over 40% of primary prostate cancer in Chinese patients, positioning FOXA1 as a commonly mutated oncogene in this disease. Yet, its tumorigenic potential and pathobiology remain unexplored in vivo. As a central component of this thesis, we have developed and characterized the first in-field transgenic mouse models that conditionally overexpress FOXA1 Class 1 or Class 2 mutant in the mouse prostate luminal epithelia. Our findings reveal that FOXA1 Class 1 mutations, that disrupt the wing2 sub-secondary region, in a Trp53-null background drive highgrade, AR-dependent luminal prostate adenocarcinoma. In contrast, Class 2 mutations are unable to drive disease formation. Instead, they induce intra-luminal plasticity by reprogramming differentiated cells into an AR-positive, luminal progenitor state that is androgen-insensitive. Mechanistically, Class 1 mutants co-activate mTORC1 signaling and reprogram AR at chimeric AR half-sites in concert with aberrantly gained NSD2. On the other hand, Class 2 mutations activate stemness genes and decompact over 40,000 new enhancer elements, bound by stemnessassociated transcription factors, like KLF5 and AP1. This instructs an androgen-insensitive luminal progenitor cell fate, making the Class 2-mutant mouse prostate tissues relatively resistant to atrophy upon androgen withdrawal through castration. Collectively, these findings establish FOXA1 as a key driver of prostate cancer development, showcasing how specific alterations in this single oncogene can either trigger tumorigenesis in early disease or enable resistance to treatment in more advanced stages.In summary, this doctoral thesis elucidates the functional and phenotypic impacts of FOXA1 mutations in prostate cancer and identifies NSD2 as a cancer-specific epigenetic regulator that collaborates with FOXA1 to drive AR-dependent oncogenesis. Notably, this work presents the first evidence of FOXA1-driven prostate adenocarcinoma formation in murine models and further substantiates the structural classification of distinct FOXA1 alterations within its coding region or genomic locus. Furthermore, this thesis characterizes collaborative reprogramming of the prostate cancer epigenome by the NSD1 and NSD2 paralogous enzymes, emphasizing paralog co-targeting as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced, lethal forms of the disease.
일반주제명  
Oncology
일반주제명  
Pathology
일반주제명  
Health sciences
일반주제명  
Pharmacology
키워드  
Prostate cancer
키워드  
Androgen receptor reprogramming
키워드  
Mutations
키워드  
Transgenic mice
키워드  
Paralog co-targeting
기타저자  
University of Michigan Molecular & Cellular Pathology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a616.99
■1001  ▼aEyunni,  Sanjana.
■24510▼aChimeric  AR  Motifs  and  Neo-Enhancer  Expansion  in  Prostate  Cancer  Development
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a216  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Chinnaiyan,  Arul  M.;Parolia,  Abhijit.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aWhile  cancer  has  traditionally  been  viewed  as  a  genetic  disease,  the  role  of  epigenetics,  which  literally  translates  to  "above  genetics,"  has  revealed  another  layer  of  complexity.  Somatic  and  germline  mutations,  in  collaboration  with  reversible  histone  and  DNA  chemical  modifications,  reprogram  chromatin  architecture  and  modulate  gene  expression.  Multiprotein  complexes  deposit  and  interpret  these  epigenetic  marks,  functioning  as  readers,  writers,  or  erasers  of  epigenetic  information.  Notably,  many  epigenetic  proteins  are  mutated  or  aberrantly  expressed  in  cancer,  leading  to  the  recognition  of  "nonmutational  epigenetic  reprogramming"  as  a  new  hallmark  of  human  cancers.  Today,  we  reframe  cancer  as  a  result  of  interactions  between  the  genome  and  epigenome,  a  theme  that  is  the  focus  of  my  thesis.  Here,  we  uncover  the  genomic  and  epigenomic  contributions  underlying  oncogenic  androgen  receptor  (AR)  reprogramming,  prostate  cancer  development,  and  therapy  resistance,  with  a  particular  emphasis  on  understanding  the  interplay  between  two  key  proteins:  FOXA1  and  NSD2.The  cellular  identity  of  a  prostate  cell  is  determined  by  the  expression  of  AR  and  its  downstream  signaling.  In  a  normal  prostate  luminal  epithelial  cell,  AR  drives  terminal  differentiation,  i.e.,  its  activity  impedes  proliferation.  However,  upon  transformation,  AR  activates  malignant  and  proliferative  gene  programs,  largely  mediated  through  extensive  reprogramming  of  AR's  chromatin  occupancy.  Here,  using  a  CRISPR-screening  approach,  we  identified  NSD2,  an  H3K36  dimethyltransferase,  as  a  critical  epigenetic  cofactor  responsible  for  reprogramming  AR  at  its  tumor-specific  enhancers.  Notably,  NSD2  expression  is  abnormally  induced  in  prostate  cancer,  where  it  collaborates  with  FOXA1  to  reprogram  AR  binding  at  enhancer  sites  that  harbor  chimeric  FOXA1:AR  half-motifs.  Loss  of  NSD2  inactivates  cancer  hallmark  features  of  invasion  and  migration  and  fosters  increased  dependency  on  a  paralogous  gene  called  NSD1.  Hence,  we  developed  a  dual  NSD1/2  PROTAC  degrader  that  exhibits  preferential  cytotoxicity  in  ARdependent  prostate  cancer.  Altogether,  we  characterize  NSD2  as  an  essential  AR  neo-enhanceosome  subunit  that  enables  its  oncogenic  activity,  and  position  NSD1/2  as  viable  cotargets  in  advanced  prostate  cancer.NSD2-dependent  reprogramming  of  AR  at  chimeric  half-sites  relies  on  FOXA1's  pioneering  activity.  FOXA1  decompacts  chromatin  to  recruit  lineage-specific  transcription  factors,  such  as  AR  in  the  prostate  epithelia,  and  chromatin  remodeling  proteins.  Earlier,  our  lab  found  FOXA1  to  be  recurrently  altered  in  over  35%  of  metastatic  castration-resistant  prostate  cancer  (mCRPC)  cases  in  Caucasian  White  men,  which  recur  within  three  distinct  structural  classes  with  distinct  clinical  incidence  and  gain-of-function.  More  recently,  FOXA1  was  reported  to  be  mutated  in  over  40%  of  primary  prostate  cancer  in  Chinese  patients,  positioning  FOXA1  as  a  commonly  mutated  oncogene  in  this  disease.  Yet,  its  tumorigenic  potential  and  pathobiology  remain  unexplored  in  vivo.  As  a  central  component  of  this  thesis,  we  have  developed  and  characterized  the  first  in-field  transgenic  mouse  models  that  conditionally  overexpress  FOXA1  Class  1  or  Class  2  mutant  in  the  mouse  prostate  luminal  epithelia.  Our  findings  reveal  that  FOXA1  Class  1  mutations,  that  disrupt  the  wing2  sub-secondary  region,  in  a  Trp53-null  background  drive  highgrade,  AR-dependent  luminal  prostate  adenocarcinoma.  In  contrast,  Class  2  mutations  are  unable  to  drive  disease  formation.  Instead,  they  induce  intra-luminal  plasticity  by  reprogramming  differentiated  cells  into  an  AR-positive,  luminal  progenitor  state  that  is  androgen-insensitive.  Mechanistically,  Class  1  mutants  co-activate  mTORC1  signaling  and  reprogram  AR  at  chimeric  AR  half-sites  in  concert  with  aberrantly  gained  NSD2.  On  the  other  hand,  Class  2  mutations  activate  stemness  genes  and  decompact  over  40,000  new  enhancer  elements,  bound  by  stemnessassociated  transcription  factors,  like  KLF5  and  AP1.  This  instructs  an  androgen-insensitive  luminal  progenitor  cell  fate,  making  the  Class  2-mutant  mouse  prostate  tissues  relatively  resistant  to  atrophy  upon  androgen  withdrawal  through  castration.  Collectively,  these  findings  establish  FOXA1  as  a  key  driver  of  prostate  cancer  development,  showcasing  how  specific  alterations  in  this  single  oncogene  can  either  trigger  tumorigenesis  in  early  disease  or  enable  resistance  to  treatment  in  more  advanced  stages.In  summary,  this  doctoral  thesis  elucidates  the  functional  and  phenotypic  impacts  of  FOXA1  mutations  in  prostate  cancer  and  identifies  NSD2  as  a  cancer-specific  epigenetic  regulator  that  collaborates  with  FOXA1  to  drive  AR-dependent  oncogenesis.  Notably,  this  work  presents  the first  evidence  of  FOXA1-driven  prostate  adenocarcinoma  formation  in  murine  models  and  further  substantiates  the  structural  classification  of  distinct  FOXA1  alterations  within  its  coding  region  or  genomic  locus.  Furthermore,  this  thesis  characterizes  collaborative  reprogramming  of  the  prostate  cancer  epigenome  by  the  NSD1  and  NSD2  paralogous  enzymes,  emphasizing  paralog  co-targeting  as  a  promising  therapeutic  strategy  for  advanced,  lethal  forms  of  the  disease.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aOncology
■650  4▼aPathology
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■650  4▼aPharmacology
■653    ▼aProstate  cancer
■653    ▼aAndrogen  receptor  reprogramming
■653    ▼aMutations
■653    ▼aTransgenic  mice
■653    ▼aParalog  co-targeting
■690    ▼a0566
■690    ▼a0571
■690    ▼a0992
■690    ▼a0419
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bMolecular  &  Cellular  Pathology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359903▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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