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Controlling Photons in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Controlling Photons in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Controlling Photons in Organic Light Emitting Diodes

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105235
ISBN  
9798291567760
DDC  
530
저자명  
Arneson, Claire E.
서명/저자  
Controlling Photons in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
202 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Forrest, Stephen R.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약In the nearly 40 years since the demonstration of the first organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic devices have come to make up a 55 billion dollar display industry with increasing demand for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) in energy generation applications that require unique form factors, including transparency and flexibility. Both device systems are constrained by key application requirements: high efficiency and reliable operational lifetime. We will investigate ways to address these key requirements through the control of photons in OPVs and OLEDs.We begin by leveraging the reciprocal relationship between OLEDs and OPVs to investigate the emissive internal quantum efficiency (IQE), i.e. emission from the charge transfer (CT) state, when operating an OPV in the dark under forward bias. We relate the degradation of the CT state emission to open circuit voltage through a semi-empirical factor, m, derived from the detailed balance of photon emission and absorption. We apply this relationship to quantify the reliability of archetype OPV structures. We find that the region of degradation within the device can be determined by m, with m=1 corresponding to degradation within the bulk heterojunction for DBP:C70 devices and m1 corresponding to degradation outside of the bulk heterojunction for PCE-10:BT-CIC devices.Though phosphorescent OLEDs can achieve high IQE approaching 100%, their practical external efficiency is limited by light trapped within the device. In an archetypal structure, approximately 80% of photons generated in an OLED are trapped within the device in waveguided substrate or organic modes, or coupled to plasmonic modes at metal/organic interfaces. In this work, we investigate methods for extracting photons from both modes. First, we apply sub-electrode microlens arrays (SEMLA) to deep-stacked white OLEDs (WOLEDs). We demonstrate a 1.9x enhancement in external quantum efficiency for devices with waveguided modes extracted using SEMLA and substrate modes extracted using an external microlens array (MLA). While the SEMLA effectively couples organic waveguided modes to substrate modes, the MLA only couples ~60% of light from the substrate. We then discuss methods for improving MLA substrate mode outcoupling using low-index coatings.Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, which couple light to the metal cathode surface within the device, are typically lossy modes. We demonstrate that by strongly coupling the SPP to excitons in the adjacent transport layer, forming a plasmon-exciton-polariton (PEP), the outcoupling efficiency of plasmonic modes can be increased from a 1.2xenhancement with outcoupled SPP modes to a 1.4xenhancement with outcoupled PEP modes using the same nanoparticle outcoupling scheme. We then present two WOLED architectures utilizing stacked and side-by-side red, green, and blue emitters. We demonstrate, in side-by-side devices, color-tunability in the 1960 color space from (u,v) = (0.33,0.36) to (0.12,0.32) through the use of a micro-scale peel-off patterning method. In the stacked devices, we demonstrate color stability over the course of device aging to 70% of the initial luminance by enhancing the lifetime of the blue emitter using the PEP-enhanced Purcell effect. These two architectures, which are compatible with the outcoupling schemes studied in this work, provide pathways toward achieving highly efficient, long-lived WOLED lighting.We conclude by presenting an outlook for the field of organic electronics as well as two new questions: 1) a design for maximizing OLED external efficiency using currently available technologies and 2) a pathway for using OLED outcoupling structures to increase OPV IQE, and thus operational power conversion efficiency.
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Materials science
키워드  
Organic electronics
키워드  
Photonics
키워드  
Light emitting diodes
키워드  
Photovoltaics
키워드  
Optoelectronics
기타저자  
University of Michigan Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aArneson,  Claire  E.
■24510▼aControlling  Photons  in  Organic  Light  Emitting  Diodes
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a202  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Forrest,  Stephen  R.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aIn  the  nearly  40  years  since  the  demonstration  of  the  first  organic  light  emitting  diode  (OLED),  organic  devices  have  come  to  make  up  a  55  billion  dollar  display  industry  with  increasing  demand  for  organic  photovoltaics  (OPVs)  in  energy  generation  applications  that  require  unique  form  factors,  including  transparency  and  flexibility.  Both  device  systems  are  constrained  by  key  application  requirements:  high  efficiency  and  reliable  operational  lifetime.  We  will  investigate  ways  to  address  these  key  requirements  through  the  control  of  photons  in  OPVs  and  OLEDs.We  begin  by  leveraging  the  reciprocal  relationship  between  OLEDs  and  OPVs  to  investigate  the  emissive  internal  quantum  efficiency  (IQE),  i.e.  emission  from  the  charge  transfer  (CT)  state,  when  operating  an  OPV  in  the  dark  under  forward  bias.  We  relate  the  degradation  of  the  CT  state  emission  to  open  circuit  voltage  through  a  semi-empirical  factor,  m,  derived  from  the  detailed  balance  of  photon  emission  and  absorption.  We  apply  this  relationship  to  quantify  the  reliability  of  archetype  OPV  structures.  We  find  that  the  region  of  degradation  within  the  device  can  be  determined  by  m,  with  m=1  corresponding  to  degradation  within  the  bulk  heterojunction  for  DBP:C70  devices  and  m1  corresponding  to  degradation  outside  of  the  bulk  heterojunction  for  PCE-10:BT-CIC  devices.Though  phosphorescent  OLEDs  can  achieve  high  IQE  approaching  100%,  their  practical  external  efficiency  is  limited  by  light  trapped  within  the  device.  In  an  archetypal  structure,  approximately  80%  of  photons  generated  in  an  OLED  are  trapped  within  the  device  in  waveguided  substrate  or  organic  modes,  or  coupled  to  plasmonic  modes  at  metal/organic  interfaces.  In  this  work,  we  investigate  methods  for  extracting  photons  from  both  modes.  First,  we  apply  sub-electrode  microlens  arrays  (SEMLA)  to  deep-stacked  white  OLEDs  (WOLEDs).  We  demonstrate  a  1.9x  enhancement  in  external  quantum  efficiency  for  devices  with  waveguided  modes  extracted  using  SEMLA  and  substrate  modes  extracted  using  an  external  microlens  array  (MLA).  While  the  SEMLA  effectively  couples  organic  waveguided  modes  to  substrate  modes,  the  MLA  only  couples  ~60%  of  light  from  the  substrate.  We  then  discuss  methods  for  improving  MLA  substrate  mode  outcoupling  using  low-index  coatings.Surface  plasmon  polariton  (SPP)  modes,  which  couple  light  to  the  metal  cathode  surface  within  the  device,  are  typically  lossy  modes.  We  demonstrate  that  by  strongly  coupling  the  SPP  to  excitons  in  the  adjacent  transport  layer,  forming  a  plasmon-exciton-polariton  (PEP),  the  outcoupling  efficiency  of  plasmonic  modes  can  be  increased  from  a  1.2xenhancement  with  outcoupled  SPP  modes  to  a  1.4xenhancement  with  outcoupled  PEP  modes  using  the  same  nanoparticle  outcoupling  scheme.  We  then  present  two  WOLED  architectures  utilizing  stacked  and  side-by-side  red,  green,  and  blue  emitters.  We  demonstrate,  in  side-by-side  devices,  color-tunability  in  the  1960  color  space  from  (u,v)  =  (0.33,0.36)  to  (0.12,0.32)  through  the  use  of  a  micro-scale  peel-off  patterning  method.  In  the  stacked  devices,  we  demonstrate  color  stability  over  the  course  of  device  aging  to  70%  of  the  initial  luminance  by  enhancing  the  lifetime  of  the  blue  emitter  using  the  PEP-enhanced  Purcell  effect.  These  two  architectures,  which  are  compatible  with  the  outcoupling  schemes  studied  in  this  work,  provide  pathways  toward  achieving  highly  efficient,  long-lived  WOLED  lighting.We  conclude  by  presenting  an  outlook  for  the  field  of  organic  electronics  as  well  as  two  new  questions:  1)  a  design  for  maximizing  OLED  external  efficiency  using  currently  available  technologies  and  2)  a  pathway  for  using  OLED  outcoupling  structures  to  increase  OPV  IQE,  and  thus  operational  power  conversion  efficiency.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■653    ▼aOrganic  electronics
■653    ▼aPhotonics
■653    ▼aLight  emitting  diodes
■653    ▼aPhotovoltaics
■653    ▼aOptoelectronics
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0794
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359915▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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