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Education in Mid-Life and Inequality Over the Life Course
Education in Mid-Life and Inequality Over the Life Course
Education in Mid-Life and Inequality Over the Life Course

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105236
ISBN  
9798291567777
DDC  
301
저자명  
Furey, Jane.
서명/저자  
Education in Mid-Life and Inequality Over the Life Course
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
208 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Armstrong, Elizabeth;Bloome, Deirdre.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Education in the United States can reduce or expand inequality. Education reduces inequality when it provides opportunities for individuals to improve their socioeconomic positions. Education expands inequality when it enables already advantaged individuals to accumulate additional advantages. But what happens when education is completed in mid-life? Education attained after age 25 - which I call educational upgrading - has the potential to reduce or expand inequality. Upgrading can reduce inequality if it provides opportunities for individuals to "catch up" after facing earlier disadvantages; it can expand inequality if it enables already advantaged individuals to pull further ahead. In this dissertation, I examine the extent to which educational upgrading reduces, expands, or maintains inequalities over the life course in the United States.In the first empirical chapter, I use data from the Health and Retirement Study to investigate how upgrading has reshaped educational inequalities by race, class, and gender over time. I find that, rather than providing opportunities for disadvantaged individuals to "catch up," upgrading tends to preserve and expand inequalities established earlier in the life course. This pattern persists across forty years of birth cohorts. Further, upgrading introduces inequality in degree timing by race and class. Bachelor's degree holders who are Black, Hispanic, and from low socioeconomic backgrounds tend to complete their degrees later than their more advantaged counterparts, and thus have less time to benefit from their education.In the second empirical chapter, I examine how much educational upgrading "pays off." Using data from the National Longitudinal Studies of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts along with augmented inverse probability weights and multilevel growth curve models, I estimate the causal impact of completing a Bachelor's degree after age 25 on individuals' earnings trajectories. I find that, across both cohorts, earning a BA after age 25 does indeed pay off. Late completers' post-BA earnings trajectories are similar to those of individuals who completed a BA earlier. And, compared to non-completers, late completers' earnings advantages grow substantially over the life course. A BA appears to be worth it, even when completed later in the life course.In the third empirical chapter, I examine whether educational upgrading reduces or expands racial inequality in the United States. I develop the racialized education careers framework to analyze how population level inequalities between Black and White people evolve over the life course. This framework emphasizes two points. First, racialized educational disparities accumulate over the life course. Second, the returns to education vary both by race and by the life stage in which education is completed. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 and a decomposition approach, I find that racial inequalities in upgrading patterns expand inequality while racial inequalities in the returns to upgrading reduce it. As a result, upgrading maintains racial inequality over the life course.This dissertation demonstrates that education contributes to inequality even after traditional schooling ages. Upgrading tends to provide additional opportunities over the life course while cementing earlier established inequalities. Importantly, examining upgrading underscores that educational attainment is a cumulative process. The extent to which educational upgrading reduces or expands inequality depends not only on who upgrades or how upgrading pays off, but also on earlier established educational inequalities. Situating upgrading within the educational attainment process highlights how the cumulative nature of education can undermine its equalizing capacity.
일반주제명  
Sociology
일반주제명  
Gender studies
일반주제명  
Educational sociology
일반주제명  
Education
일반주제명  
Ethnic studies
키워드  
United States
키워드  
Racial stratification
키워드  
Life course
키워드  
Inequality
키워드  
Educational inequalities
기타저자  
University of Michigan Public Policy & Sociology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  A.
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aEducation  in  the  United  States  can  reduce  or  expand  inequality.  Education  reduces  inequality  when  it  provides  opportunities  for  individuals  to  improve  their  socioeconomic  positions.  Education  expands  inequality  when  it  enables  already  advantaged  individuals  to  accumulate  additional  advantages.  But  what  happens  when  education  is  completed  in  mid-life?  Education  attained  after  age  25  -  which  I  call  educational  upgrading  -  has  the  potential  to  reduce  or  expand  inequality.  Upgrading  can  reduce  inequality  if  it  provides  opportunities  for  individuals  to  "catch  up"  after  facing  earlier  disadvantages;  it  can  expand  inequality  if  it  enables  already  advantaged  individuals  to  pull  further  ahead.  In  this  dissertation,  I  examine  the  extent  to  which  educational  upgrading  reduces,  expands,  or  maintains  inequalities  over  the  life  course  in  the  United  States.In  the  first  empirical  chapter,  I  use  data  from  the  Health  and  Retirement  Study  to  investigate  how  upgrading  has  reshaped  educational  inequalities  by  race,  class,  and  gender  over  time.  I  find  that,  rather  than  providing  opportunities  for  disadvantaged  individuals  to  "catch  up,"  upgrading  tends  to  preserve  and  expand  inequalities  established  earlier  in  the  life  course.  This  pattern  persists  across  forty  years  of  birth  cohorts.  Further,  upgrading  introduces  inequality  in  degree  timing  by  race  and  class.  Bachelor's  degree  holders  who  are  Black,  Hispanic,  and  from  low  socioeconomic  backgrounds  tend  to  complete  their  degrees  later  than  their  more  advantaged  counterparts,  and  thus  have  less  time  to  benefit  from  their  education.In  the  second  empirical  chapter,  I  examine  how  much  educational  upgrading  "pays  off."  Using  data  from  the  National  Longitudinal  Studies  of  Youth  1979  and  1997  cohorts  along  with  augmented  inverse  probability  weights  and  multilevel  growth  curve  models,  I  estimate  the  causal  impact  of  completing  a  Bachelor's  degree  after  age  25  on  individuals'  earnings  trajectories.  I  find  that,  across  both  cohorts,  earning  a  BA  after  age  25  does  indeed  pay  off.  Late  completers'  post-BA  earnings  trajectories  are  similar  to  those  of  individuals  who  completed  a  BA  earlier.  And,  compared  to  non-completers,  late  completers'  earnings  advantages  grow  substantially  over  the  life  course.  A  BA  appears  to  be  worth  it,  even  when  completed  later  in  the  life  course.In  the  third  empirical  chapter,  I  examine  whether  educational  upgrading  reduces  or  expands  racial  inequality  in  the  United  States.  I  develop  the  racialized  education  careers  framework  to  analyze  how  population  level  inequalities  between  Black  and  White  people  evolve  over  the  life  course.  This  framework  emphasizes  two  points.  First,  racialized  educational  disparities  accumulate  over  the  life  course.  Second,  the  returns  to  education  vary  both  by  race  and  by  the  life  stage  in  which  education  is  completed.  Using  data  from  the  National  Longitudinal  Study  of  Youth  1979  and  a  decomposition  approach,  I  find  that  racial  inequalities  in  upgrading  patterns  expand  inequality  while  racial  inequalities  in  the  returns  to  upgrading  reduce  it.  As  a  result,  upgrading  maintains  racial  inequality  over  the  life  course.This  dissertation  demonstrates  that  education  contributes  to  inequality  even  after  traditional  schooling  ages.  Upgrading  tends  to  provide  additional  opportunities  over  the  life  course  while  cementing  earlier  established  inequalities.  Importantly,  examining  upgrading  underscores  that  educational  attainment  is  a  cumulative  process.  The  extent  to  which  educational  upgrading  reduces  or  expands  inequality  depends  not  only  on  who  upgrades  or  how  upgrading  pays  off,  but  also  on  earlier  established  educational  inequalities.  Situating  upgrading  within  the  educational  attainment  process  highlights  how  the  cumulative  nature  of  education  can  undermine  its  equalizing  capacity.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aSociology
■650  4▼aGender  studies
■650  4▼aEducational  sociology
■650  4▼aEducation
■650  4▼aEthnic  studies
■653    ▼aUnited  States
■653    ▼aRacial  stratification
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■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bPublic  Policy  &  Sociology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03A.
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■792    ▼a2025
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■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359918▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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