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Physical Modeling of Submarine Volcanic Eruption Generated Tsunamis
Physical Modeling of Submarine Volcanic Eruption Generated Tsunamis
Physical Modeling of Submarine Volcanic Eruption Generated Tsunamis

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102906
ISBN  
9798263393694
DDC  
000
저자명  
Liu, Yibin.
서명/저자  
Physical Modeling of Submarine Volcanic Eruption Generated Tsunamis
발행사항  
[Sl] : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
190 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Fritz, Hermann M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Tsunamis generated by volcanic activities have caused some of the most catastrophic events in recorded history. For volcanic tsunamis, source mechanisms such as underwater eruptions, pyroclastic flows, landslides, caldera collapses and phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions can displace large water volumes. They are related to several catastrophic historical events. The 1883 Krakatau eruption in Indonesia caused more than 36,000 victims due to tsunami waves and pyroclastic flows in the Sunda Strait. In the recent 2022 Tonga eruption, the tsunami waves generated by underwater explosion and pressure shockwave reached Tongatapu coastline with runup heights up to 15 m. There are very limited event records and field data of tsunamis generated by submarine volcanos. Thus, we have designed the following physical experiments to better understand its complex source mechanisms.The mechanism of tsunami generation by submarine volcanic eruption was isolated, and a volcanic tsunami generator (VTG) was designed and deployed in the tsunami wave basin (TWB). The volcanic tsunami experiments were performed in the NHERI experimental facility, the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon. The experiments were specifically designed to study tsunami waves generated by underwater volcanic eruption. The wave maker is a novel pneumatic volcanic tsunami generator, which allows for controlled vertical acceleration. It is designed as a telescopic column of 1.2 m diameter driven by eight pneumatic actuators with a vertical stroke of 0.3 m. A linear potentiometer is installed inside the VTG to record its vertical displacement during the wave generation process. More than 300 experimental runs were conducted, which includes 117 combinations of 13 water depths and 9 driving tank air pressures. The peak stroke velocity of the VTG is positively correlated with the driving tank pressure. The dimensions of the large-scale tsunami wave basin are 48.8 m by 26.5 m and the tested still water depth range is between 0.73 m to 1.5 m. The instrumentation deployed inside the basin includes wave gauges, runup gauges and multiple purposed cameras such as PTZ, PIV and underwater cameras. The wave gauge and potentiometer data are recorded and analyzed to characterize the generation and propagation of surface waves in radial and angular directions.The vertical stroke motion of the VTG generates leading elevation N-waves. A concentric vertical spike is formed by superposition of the circular bore from the wave generation motion. The tsunami heights generated with the VTG are measured with wave gauge array and the performance of VTG characterizes the dimensionless leading wave amplitude and period. The experiment data shows the variation of the leading wave amplitude, period, and celerity along the radial propagation distance. The dimensionless leading wave amplitude decreases with the dimensionless radial propagation distance. It is found that the attenuation rate of the leading wave exceeds the range (- 1.0, - 0.7) predicted by the linear wave theory in scenarios with relatively large Froude numbers. The dimensionless leading wave period increases with the dimensionless propagation distance according to linear wave theory. The nonlinearity diagram of the experimental data reveals that the tsunamis are mostly weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive waves. The tsunami wave characteristics from the large-scale physical model are compared with existing wave theories and models. The comparisons between wave energy and source energy show that at most 60% of the potential energy in the initial dome shaped water surface deformation is converted to the wave train and up to 40% to the leading wave. Empirical equations are derived to characterize and evaluate tsunami wave parameters such as amplitudes and periods, which can help to improve current tsunami warning and mitigation systems with consideration of volcanic tsunami hazards. The experimental data serves as benchmark to validate and advance three-dimensional numerical volcanic tsunami prediction models.
일반주제명  
Fatalities
일반주제명  
Gauges
일반주제명  
Landslides & mudslides
일반주제명  
Volcanoes
일반주제명  
Explosions
일반주제명  
Tsunamis
일반주제명  
Water levels
일반주제명  
Earthquakes
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Deformation
일반주제명  
Magma
일반주제명  
Geology
기타저자  
Georgia Institute of Technology.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aLiu,  Yibin.
■24510▼aPhysical  Modeling  of  Submarine  Volcanic  Eruption  Generated  Tsunamis
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a190  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Fritz,  Hermann  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Georgia  Institute  of  Technology,  2023.
■520    ▼aTsunamis  generated  by  volcanic  activities  have  caused  some  of  the  most  catastrophic  events  in  recorded  history.  For  volcanic  tsunamis,  source  mechanisms  such  as  underwater  eruptions,  pyroclastic  flows,  landslides,  caldera  collapses  and  phreatomagmatic  explosive  eruptions  can  displace  large  water  volumes.  They  are  related  to  several  catastrophic  historical  events.  The  1883  Krakatau  eruption  in  Indonesia  caused  more  than  36,000  victims  due  to  tsunami  waves  and  pyroclastic  flows  in  the  Sunda  Strait.  In  the  recent  2022  Tonga  eruption,  the  tsunami  waves  generated  by  underwater  explosion  and  pressure  shockwave  reached  Tongatapu  coastline  with  runup  heights  up  to  15  m.  There  are  very  limited  event  records  and  field  data  of  tsunamis  generated  by  submarine  volcanos.  Thus,  we  have  designed  the  following  physical  experiments  to  better  understand  its  complex  source  mechanisms.The  mechanism  of  tsunami  generation  by  submarine  volcanic  eruption  was  isolated,  and  a  volcanic  tsunami  generator  (VTG)  was  designed  and  deployed  in  the  tsunami  wave  basin  (TWB).  The  volcanic  tsunami  experiments  were  performed  in  the  NHERI  experimental  facility,  the  O.H.  Hinsdale  Wave  Research  Laboratory  at  Oregon  State  University  in  Corvallis,  Oregon.  The  experiments  were  specifically  designed  to  study  tsunami  waves  generated  by  underwater  volcanic  eruption.  The  wave  maker  is  a  novel  pneumatic  volcanic  tsunami  generator,  which  allows  for  controlled  vertical  acceleration.  It  is  designed  as  a  telescopic  column  of  1.2  m  diameter  driven  by  eight  pneumatic  actuators  with  a  vertical  stroke  of  0.3  m.  A  linear  potentiometer  is  installed  inside  the  VTG  to  record  its  vertical  displacement  during  the  wave  generation  process.  More  than  300  experimental  runs  were  conducted,  which  includes  117  combinations  of  13  water  depths  and  9  driving  tank  air  pressures.  The  peak  stroke  velocity  of  the  VTG  is  positively  correlated  with  the  driving  tank  pressure.  The  dimensions  of  the  large-scale  tsunami  wave  basin  are  48.8  m  by  26.5  m  and  the  tested  still  water  depth  range  is  between  0.73  m  to  1.5  m.  The  instrumentation  deployed  inside  the  basin  includes  wave  gauges,  runup  gauges  and  multiple  purposed  cameras  such  as  PTZ,  PIV  and  underwater  cameras.  The  wave  gauge  and  potentiometer  data  are  recorded  and  analyzed  to  characterize  the  generation  and  propagation  of  surface  waves  in  radial  and  angular  directions.The  vertical  stroke  motion  of  the  VTG  generates  leading  elevation  N-waves.  A  concentric  vertical  spike  is  formed  by  superposition  of  the  circular  bore  from  the  wave  generation  motion.  The  tsunami  heights  generated  with  the  VTG  are  measured  with  wave  gauge  array  and  the  performance  of  VTG  characterizes  the  dimensionless  leading  wave  amplitude  and  period.  The  experiment  data  shows  the  variation  of  the  leading  wave  amplitude,  period,  and  celerity  along  the  radial  propagation  distance.  The  dimensionless  leading  wave  amplitude  decreases  with  the  dimensionless  radial  propagation  distance.  It  is  found  that  the  attenuation  rate  of  the  leading  wave  exceeds  the  range  (-  1.0,  -  0.7)  predicted  by  the  linear  wave  theory  in  scenarios  with  relatively  large  Froude  numbers.  The  dimensionless  leading  wave  period  increases  with  the  dimensionless  propagation  distance  according  to  linear  wave  theory.  The  nonlinearity  diagram  of  the  experimental  data  reveals  that  the  tsunamis  are  mostly  weakly  nonlinear  and  weakly  dispersive  waves.  The  tsunami  wave  characteristics  from  the  large-scale  physical  model  are  compared  with  existing  wave  theories  and  models.  The  comparisons  between  wave  energy  and  source  energy  show  that  at  most  60%  of  the  potential  energy  in  the  initial  dome  shaped  water  surface  deformation  is  converted  to  the  wave  train  and  up  to  40%  to  the  leading  wave.  Empirical  equations  are  derived  to  characterize  and  evaluate  tsunami  wave  parameters  such  as  amplitudes  and  periods,  which  can  help  to  improve  current  tsunami  warning  and  mitigation  systems  with  consideration  of  volcanic  tsunami  hazards.  The  experimental  data  serves  as  benchmark  to  validate  and  advance  three-dimensional  numerical  volcanic  tsunami  prediction  models.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0078.
■650  4▼aFatalities
■650  4▼aGauges
■650  4▼aLandslides  &  mudslides
■650  4▼aVolcanoes
■650  4▼aExplosions
■650  4▼aTsunamis
■650  4▼aWater  levels
■650  4▼aEarthquakes
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aDeformation
■650  4▼aMagma
■650  4▼aGeology
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0372
■71020▼aGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0078
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17365976▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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