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Structural Bases for Regulation of Actin Filament Ends by Diverse Factors
Structural Bases for Regulation of Actin Filament Ends by Diverse Factors
Structural Bases for Regulation of Actin Filament Ends by Diverse Factors

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103020
ISBN  
9798280756236
DDC  
574.191
저자명  
Barrie, Kyle R.
서명/저자  
Structural Bases for Regulation of Actin Filament Ends by Diverse Factors
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
142 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Dominguez, Roberto.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Actin is the most abundant cytosolic protein in eukaryotes where it plays essential roles in a variety of ubiquitous processes including cell and organelle motility, cytokinesis, endocytosis, and muscle contraction. Central to actin's function is its ability to transition between monomeric (G-actin) and filamentous (F-actin) forms. Each actin subunit within F-actin is orientated in the same direction, affording structural and kinetic polarity to the filament; the 'barbed' (or +) end grows severalfold faster than the 'pointed' (or -) end in cells. This asymmetry underlies many actin-based processes; the barbed end is directed toward cellular membranes so that its fast growth can generate protrusive forces that reshape the membrane while the pointed end is directed away and loses subunits so that they may be recycled for incorporation at the barbed end. In turn, numerous regulatory proteins converge at the ends to fine-tune F-actin assembly and disassembly dynamics through diverse and poorly understood mechanisms. In this work, we developed a strategy for determining structures of actin filament ends, both alone and bound to several different effectors, using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Structures of the unbound barbed end pointed ends reveal conformational differences in terminal actin subunits that are favorable for subunit association and dissociation, respectively. Structures of the barbed and pointed ends bound to CapZ and tropomodulin, respectively, show how these so-called 'capping proteins' block subunit exchange. Structures of the barbed end bound to formins and profilin reveal a stepwise mechanism for formin-mediated acceleration of barbed end elongation. Structures of the barbed end bound to gelsolin reveal its mechanism of F-actin severing and subsequent barbed end capping. Finally, we determined the cryo-EM structure of CARMIL bound to CapZ which, coupled with biochemical studies, reveals how CARMIL reduces the affinity of CapZ for the barbed end. Together, these studies substantially advance foundational understanding of actin filament end regulation by diverse and unrelated proteins.
일반주제명  
Biophysics
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Actin cytoskeleton
키워드  
Cryo-electron microscopy
키워드  
Structural biology
키워드  
Actin filament
키워드  
Capping proteins
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574.191
■1001  ▼aBarrie,  Kyle  R.
■24510▼aStructural  Bases  for  Regulation  of  Actin  Filament  Ends  by  Diverse  Factors
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a142  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Dominguez,  Roberto.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2025.
■520    ▼aActin  is  the  most  abundant  cytosolic  protein  in  eukaryotes  where  it  plays  essential  roles  in  a  variety  of  ubiquitous  processes  including  cell  and  organelle  motility,  cytokinesis,  endocytosis,  and  muscle  contraction.  Central  to  actin's  function  is  its  ability  to  transition  between  monomeric  (G-actin)  and  filamentous  (F-actin)  forms.  Each  actin  subunit  within  F-actin  is  orientated  in  the  same  direction,  affording  structural  and  kinetic  polarity  to  the  filament;  the  'barbed'  (or  +)  end  grows  severalfold  faster  than  the  'pointed'  (or  -)  end  in  cells.  This  asymmetry  underlies  many  actin-based  processes;  the  barbed  end  is  directed  toward  cellular  membranes  so  that  its  fast  growth  can  generate  protrusive  forces  that  reshape  the  membrane  while  the  pointed  end  is  directed  away  and  loses  subunits  so  that  they  may  be  recycled  for  incorporation  at  the  barbed  end.  In  turn,  numerous  regulatory  proteins  converge  at  the  ends  to  fine-tune  F-actin  assembly  and  disassembly  dynamics  through  diverse  and  poorly  understood  mechanisms.  In  this  work,  we  developed  a  strategy  for  determining  structures  of  actin  filament  ends,  both  alone  and  bound  to  several  different  effectors,  using  cryogenic  electron  microscopy  (cryo-EM).  Structures  of  the  unbound  barbed  end  pointed  ends  reveal  conformational  differences  in  terminal  actin  subunits  that  are  favorable  for  subunit  association  and  dissociation,  respectively.  Structures  of  the  barbed  and  pointed  ends  bound  to  CapZ  and  tropomodulin,  respectively,  show  how  these  so-called  'capping  proteins'  block  subunit  exchange.  Structures  of  the  barbed  end  bound  to  formins  and  profilin  reveal  a  stepwise  mechanism  for  formin-mediated  acceleration  of  barbed  end  elongation.  Structures  of  the  barbed  end  bound  to  gelsolin  reveal  its  mechanism  of  F-actin  severing  and  subsequent  barbed  end  capping.  Finally,  we  determined  the  cryo-EM  structure  of  CARMIL  bound  to  CapZ  which,  coupled  with  biochemical  studies,  reveals  how  CARMIL  reduces  the  affinity  of  CapZ  for  the  barbed  end.  Together,  these  studies  substantially  advance  foundational  understanding  of  actin  filament  end  regulation  by  diverse  and  unrelated  proteins.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aActin  cytoskeleton
■653    ▼aCryo-electron  microscopy
■653    ▼aStructural  biology
■653    ▼aActin  filament
■653    ▼aCapping  proteins
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0719
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bBiochemistry  and  Molecular  Biophysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356703▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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