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HIV Infection Dynamics: From Underlying the Establishment and Maintenance to the Molecular Mechanisms of Latency
HIV Infection Dynamics: From Underlying the Establishment and Maintenance to the Molecular...
HIV Infection Dynamics: From Underlying the Establishment and Maintenance to the Molecular Mechanisms of Latency

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103646
ISBN  
9798314874738
DDC  
576
저자명  
Gomez-Rivera, Francisco.
서명/저자  
HIV Infection Dynamics: From Underlying the Establishment and Maintenance to the Molecular Mechanisms of Latency
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
149 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Collins, Kathleen L.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus characterized by its ability to establish chronic infection by evading the immune system. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) inhibits HIV spread and reduces transmission as well as the onset of immunodeficiency. Despite effective treatment, HIV persists in optimally treated people as a transcriptionally silent provirus. HIV requires its receptor CD4, plus a co-receptor, either CCR5 or CXCR4, to enter cells and primarily replicates in CD4+ T cells, which express high levels of CD4. A barrier to curing HIV is that a proportion of replication-competent HIV proviruses exist in a latent state that cannot be eradicated by current therapies or detected by the anti-HIV immune response. Besides CD4+ T cells, CD4+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are a potential viral reservoir. There is evidence that they can be infected in vivo and that they amplify integrated viral genomes by cellular proliferation and differentiation into a variety of cell types increasing the size of the latent reservoir. Thus, latently infected cells evade the immune system and the harmful effects of the virus, thereby creating a long-lasting reservoir of HIV. The work described in Chapter 2 provides deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of HIV latency establishment. Here, we describe a series of HIV-1 fluorescent reporter viruses that distinguish active versus latent infection. We unexpectedly observed that the proportion of active-to-latent infection depended on a limiting viral factor, which created a bottle neck that could be overcome by superinfection of the cell. T cell activation or overexpression of HIV-1 trans activator of transcription (Tat) were sufficient to overcome this bottleneck and activate HIV gene expression. In addition, we found that tat and rev expression levels vary amongst HIV molecular clones and that tat levels were an important variable in latency establishment. Lower rev levels limited viral protein expression whereas lower Tat levels or mutation of the Tat binding element promoted latent infection that was resistant to reactivation even in fully activated primary T cells. Nevertheless, we found that combinations of latency reversal agents targeting both cellular activation and histone acetylation pathways overcame deficiencies in the Tat-TAR axis of transcription regulation. These results provide additional insight into the mechanisms of latency establishment and inform Tat-centered approaches to cure HIV. The tools and results described in Chapter 2 will enable investigators to answer important questions in future experiments, some of which are detailed in Chapter 3. Overall, this research provides important new results and strategies to significantly inform future studies on HIV latency that will aid in the development of clinically practical and effective latency reversal agents. These advancements could improve HIV treatment by reducing the impact of persistent reservoirs of latent virus, potentially leading toward a cure.
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Health sciences
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
키워드  
Human immunodeficiency virus
키워드  
Transcription
키워드  
Latency reversal
키워드  
Combination antiretroviral therapy
키워드  
T cells
기타저자  
University of Michigan Immunology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aGomez-Rivera,  Francisco.
■24510▼aHIV  Infection  Dynamics:  From  Underlying  the  Establishment  and  Maintenance  to  the  Molecular  Mechanisms  of  Latency
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a149  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Collins,  Kathleen  L.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aHuman  immunodeficiency  virus  (HIV)  is  a  lentivirus  characterized  by  its  ability  to  establish  chronic  infection  by  evading  the  immune  system.  Combination  antiretroviral  therapy  (cART)  inhibits  HIV  spread  and  reduces  transmission  as  well  as  the  onset  of  immunodeficiency.  Despite  effective  treatment,  HIV  persists  in  optimally  treated  people  as  a  transcriptionally  silent  provirus.  HIV  requires  its  receptor  CD4,  plus  a  co-receptor,  either  CCR5  or  CXCR4,  to  enter  cells  and  primarily  replicates  in  CD4+  T  cells,  which  express  high  levels  of  CD4.  A  barrier  to  curing  HIV  is  that  a  proportion  of  replication-competent  HIV  proviruses  exist  in  a  latent  state  that  cannot  be  eradicated  by  current  therapies  or  detected  by  the  anti-HIV  immune  response.  Besides  CD4+  T  cells,  CD4+  hematopoietic  stem  and  progenitor  cells  (HSPCs)  are  a  potential  viral  reservoir.  There  is  evidence  that  they  can  be  infected  in  vivo  and  that  they  amplify  integrated  viral  genomes  by  cellular  proliferation  and  differentiation  into  a  variety  of  cell  types  increasing  the  size  of  the  latent  reservoir.  Thus,  latently  infected  cells  evade  the  immune  system  and  the  harmful  effects  of  the  virus,  thereby  creating  a  long-lasting  reservoir  of  HIV.  The  work  described  in  Chapter  2  provides  deeper  insight  into  the  molecular  mechanisms  of  HIV  latency  establishment.  Here,  we  describe  a  series  of  HIV-1  fluorescent  reporter  viruses  that  distinguish  active  versus  latent  infection.  We  unexpectedly  observed  that  the  proportion  of  active-to-latent  infection  depended  on  a  limiting  viral  factor,  which  created  a  bottle  neck  that  could  be  overcome  by  superinfection  of  the  cell.  T  cell  activation  or  overexpression  of  HIV-1  trans  activator  of  transcription  (Tat)  were  sufficient  to  overcome  this  bottleneck  and  activate  HIV  gene  expression.  In  addition,  we  found  that  tat  and  rev  expression  levels  vary  amongst  HIV  molecular  clones  and  that  tat  levels  were  an  important  variable  in  latency  establishment.  Lower  rev  levels  limited  viral  protein  expression  whereas  lower  Tat  levels  or  mutation  of  the  Tat  binding  element  promoted  latent  infection  that  was  resistant  to  reactivation  even  in  fully  activated  primary  T  cells.  Nevertheless,  we  found  that  combinations  of  latency  reversal  agents  targeting  both  cellular  activation  and  histone  acetylation  pathways  overcame  deficiencies  in  the  Tat-TAR  axis  of  transcription  regulation.  These  results  provide  additional  insight  into  the  mechanisms  of  latency  establishment  and  inform  Tat-centered  approaches  to  cure  HIV.  The  tools  and  results  described  in  Chapter  2  will  enable  investigators  to  answer  important  questions  in  future  experiments,  some  of  which  are  detailed  in  Chapter  3.  Overall,  this  research  provides  important  new  results  and  strategies  to  significantly  inform  future  studies  on  HIV  latency  that  will  aid  in  the  development  of  clinically  practical  and  effective  latency  reversal  agents.  These  advancements  could  improve  HIV  treatment  by  reducing  the  impact  of  persistent  reservoirs  of  latent  virus,  potentially  leading  toward  a  cure.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■653    ▼aHuman  immunodeficiency  virus
■653    ▼aTranscription
■653    ▼aLatency  reversal
■653    ▼aCombination  antiretroviral  therapy
■653    ▼aT  cells
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0566
■690    ▼a0379
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bImmunology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358111▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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