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Evaluating the Impacts of Federal Social Programs on Older Adults in the United States of America: Three Essays in Health Economics
Evaluating the Impacts of Federal Social Programs on Older Adults in the United States of ...
Evaluating the Impacts of Federal Social Programs on Older Adults in the United States of America: Three Essays in Health Economics

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103649
ISBN  
9798314875384
DDC  
614
저자명  
Arntson, Emily Kathryn.
서명/저자  
Evaluating the Impacts of Federal Social Programs on Older Adults in the United States of America: Three Essays in Health Economics
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
110 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hirth, Richard A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Federal social insurance and safety net programs are integral to the well-being of older adults in the United States. As such, this dissertation focuses on evaluating the impacts of changes to or differences within two of these programs, Medicare and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, on the senior population. In Chapter 1, I examine the effects of Medicare's Hospital Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP), a part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). According to final rules announced in 2013, the HACRP reduces Medicare payments by 1% for hospitals in the lowest performance quartile in hospital-acquired condition (HAC) measures. Using 2009-2015 fee-for-service Medicare claims data for those 65 and older, I employed an interrupted time-series design to evaluate changes in HAC rates, percentage of HACs coded as present on admission (POA), and 30-day mortality. I estimated models with linear splines to test for changes before the ACA, after the ACA, and after the announcement of HACRP rules. In my results, I found that, while the HACRP was associated with an decline in the rates of targeted HACs and an increase in POA coding, it was not similarly associated with any change in 30-day mortality. This suggests that the HACRP may not have led to the true downstream clinical improvements it intended.In Chapters 2 and 3, I switch to focusing on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Over the past two decades, food insecurity, including reduction in diet quality with or without reduced food intake, has been increasing among seniors (those aged 60 or older, as defined by SNAP). Even though many older adults are eligible for SNAP, they have historically been under-enrolled, compared to the general eligible population. In response, federal and state governments have implemented policies aimed at influencing eligibility and enrollment both among seniors (age 60+) and among Supplemental Security Income (SSI) beneficiaries, many of whom are older. In Chapter 2, I examine some of these specific state policies, including broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE), offering a standard medical deduction (SMD), using an SSI combined application project, and requiring applicant fingerprinting. Using 2002-2018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data, I employed a difference-in-differences framework with two-way fixed effects to assess these policies' impact on eligibility and enrollment amongst seniors and older SSI beneficiaries. I found that, while BBCE and SMD were associated with increased estimated eligibility, no program significantly impacted enrollment. This surprising result indicates that new, innovative programs are needed to encourage SNAP participation amongst seniors and/or SSI beneficiaries moving forward.In Chapter 3, I exploit geographic variation in average meal cost (leading to geographic differences in SNAP benefits' purchasing power or real dollar value) to examine SNAP's impact on older adult beneficiaries' food security, health outcomes, and healthcare affordability or utilization. Using 2010-2018 HRS data combined with county-level average meal cost data, I modeled changes to these outcomes in response to purchasing power differences, both concurrently and approximately two years later. I found that increases in SNAP purchasing power were associated with significant improvements in food security and self-reported physical health both concurrently and over time and decreases in not receiving needed medical care concurrently. This suggests that increasing the real dollar value of older adults' SNAP benefits may not only improve food security but also boost health and improve healthcare accessibility in the long term.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Public policy
일반주제명  
Medicine
키워드  
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
키워드  
Hospital-acquired conditions
키워드  
Affordable Care Act
키워드  
Medicare
키워드  
Food stamps
기타저자  
University of Michigan Health Service Org & Plcy PhD
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■24510▼aEvaluating  the  Impacts  of  Federal  Social  Programs  on  Older  Adults  in  the  United  States  of  America:  Three  Essays  in  Health  Economics
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hirth,  Richard  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aFederal  social  insurance  and  safety  net  programs  are  integral  to  the  well-being  of  older  adults  in  the  United  States.  As  such,  this  dissertation  focuses  on  evaluating  the  impacts  of  changes  to  or  differences  within  two  of  these  programs,  Medicare  and  the  Supplemental  Nutrition  Assistance  Program,  on  the  senior  population. In  Chapter  1,  I  examine  the  effects  of  Medicare's  Hospital  Acquired  Condition  Reduction  Program  (HACRP),  a  part  of  the  Affordable  Care  Act  (ACA).  According  to  final  rules  announced  in  2013,  the  HACRP  reduces  Medicare  payments  by  1%  for  hospitals  in  the  lowest  performance  quartile  in  hospital-acquired  condition  (HAC)  measures.  Using  2009-2015  fee-for-service  Medicare  claims  data  for  those  65  and  older,  I  employed  an  interrupted  time-series  design  to  evaluate  changes  in  HAC  rates,  percentage  of  HACs  coded  as  present  on  admission  (POA),  and  30-day  mortality.  I  estimated  models  with  linear  splines  to  test  for  changes  before  the  ACA,  after  the  ACA,  and  after  the  announcement  of  HACRP  rules.  In  my  results,  I  found  that,  while  the  HACRP  was  associated  with  an  decline  in  the  rates  of  targeted  HACs  and  an  increase  in  POA  coding,  it  was  not  similarly  associated  with  any  change  in  30-day  mortality.  This  suggests  that  the  HACRP  may  not  have  led  to  the  true  downstream  clinical  improvements  it  intended.In  Chapters  2  and  3,  I  switch  to  focusing  on  the  Supplemental  Nutrition  Assistance  Program  (SNAP).  Over  the  past  two  decades,  food  insecurity,  including  reduction  in  diet  quality  with  or  without  reduced  food  intake,  has  been  increasing  among  seniors  (those  aged  60  or  older,  as  defined  by  SNAP).  Even  though  many  older  adults  are  eligible  for  SNAP,  they  have  historically  been  under-enrolled,  compared  to  the  general  eligible  population.  In  response,  federal  and  state  governments  have  implemented  policies  aimed  at  influencing  eligibility  and  enrollment  both  among  seniors  (age  60+)  and  among  Supplemental  Security  Income  (SSI)  beneficiaries,  many  of  whom  are  older.  In  Chapter  2,  I  examine  some  of  these  specific  state  policies,  including  broad-based  categorical  eligibility  (BBCE),  offering  a  standard  medical  deduction  (SMD),  using  an  SSI  combined  application  project,  and  requiring  applicant  fingerprinting.  Using  2002-2018  Health  and  Retirement  Study  (HRS)  data,  I  employed  a  difference-in-differences  framework  with  two-way  fixed  effects  to  assess  these  policies'  impact  on  eligibility  and  enrollment  amongst  seniors  and  older  SSI  beneficiaries.  I  found  that,  while  BBCE  and  SMD  were  associated  with  increased  estimated  eligibility,  no  program  significantly  impacted  enrollment.  This  surprising  result  indicates  that  new,  innovative  programs  are  needed  to  encourage  SNAP  participation  amongst  seniors  and/or  SSI  beneficiaries  moving  forward.In  Chapter  3,  I  exploit  geographic  variation  in  average  meal  cost  (leading  to  geographic  differences  in  SNAP  benefits'  purchasing  power  or  real  dollar  value)  to  examine  SNAP's  impact  on  older  adult  beneficiaries'  food  security,  health  outcomes,  and  healthcare  affordability  or  utilization.  Using  2010-2018  HRS  data  combined  with  county-level  average  meal  cost  data,  I  modeled  changes  to  these  outcomes  in  response  to  purchasing  power  differences,  both  concurrently  and  approximately  two  years  later.  I  found  that  increases  in  SNAP  purchasing  power  were  associated  with  significant  improvements  in  food  security  and  self-reported  physical  health  both  concurrently  and  over  time  and  decreases  in  not  receiving  needed  medical  care  concurrently.  This  suggests  that  increasing  the  real  dollar  value  of  older  adults'  SNAP  benefits may  not  only  improve  food  security  but  also  boost  health  and  improve  healthcare  accessibility  in  the  long  term.
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■653    ▼aSupplemental  Nutrition  Assistance  Program
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■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358133▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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