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Healthcare Access, Utilization, and Cognitive Decline Among Latino Ethnic Groups: A Disaggregated Analysis of the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)
Healthcare Access, Utilization, and Cognitive Decline Among Latino Ethnic Groups: A Disagg...
Healthcare Access, Utilization, and Cognitive Decline Among Latino Ethnic Groups: A Disaggregated Analysis of the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105117
ISBN  
9798290968841
DDC  
610.73
저자명  
Fernandez Cajavilca, Moroni.
서명/저자  
Healthcare Access, Utilization, and Cognitive Decline Among Latino Ethnic Groups: A Disaggregated Analysis of the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
166 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Sadarangani, Tina.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Background: The Latino population in the United States (US) is expected to have the largest projected growth in persons living with dementia by 2060 relative to other racial and ethnic groups. Evidence suggests that health insurance enables access to healthcare services, which may, in turn, prevent cognitive decline and avoidable healthcare utilization (e.g., fewer hospitalizations). As such, health insurance represents a potentially modifiable intervention point, particularly for Latino populations at elevated risk for dementia. However, the dearth of data on middle-aged and older Latino ethnic groups has made it difficult to examine the relationship between health insurance, healthcare utilization, and cognitive decline across different policy-relevant population characteristics and groups. Moreover, there is limited knowledge about the role of specific Latino ethnicity and sociocultural factors (e.g., family cohesion) in influencing the relationships between health insurance, healthcare utilization, and cognitive decline. Objective: The overall objective of this dissertation was to characterize the associations between health insurance, healthcare utilization, and cognitive decline among Latino adults 50 years of age by disaggregated Latino ethnicity (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, South American, Central American, More than One/Other). The Specific Aims were to: 1) investigate differences in health insurance, healthcare utilization, and cognitive decline across diverse Latino ethnic groups, and provide methodological considerations for data disaggregation, 2) examine the associations between cognitive impairment and healthcare utilization and whether these associations are moderated by Latino ethnicity, and 3) examine the relationship between health insurance status and cognitive decline across disaggregated Latino ethnic groups and to what extent Latino ethnicity and family cohesion moderate these relationships.Methods: To address Aim 1, we disaggregated secondary data from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Our analysis consisted of aggregated and disaggregated data, which was then further stratified by intersectional identities (sex and language preference). For Aim 2, a series of weighted logistic regressions and a two-way interaction term were used. Aim 3 utilized survey-weighted, sequential linear regression models, two-way, and three-way interaction terms were utilized. Results: Data disaggregation illustrated significant differences between groups that would otherwise be missed without subgroup analysis. We discussed common limitations associated with data disaggregation and how prospective researchers may improve best practices in secondary data analyses. Logistic regression analyses showed significant associations as Latino participants with cognitive impairment were twice as likely to report overall healthcare utilization (OR=1.94, p=0.013, 95% CI [1.15, 3.27]) and 1.5 times more likely to report avoidable healthcare utilization (OR=1.51, p=0.004, 95% CI [1.14, 1.98]). We observed in the two-way interaction that only one ethnic group, Puerto Ricans with cognitive impairment (OR=2.61, p =0.014, 95% CI [1.22, 5.59]), was more likely to have avoidable healthcare utilization than Mexican respondents without cognitive impairment. Results from the sequential linear regression showed a significant association between lack of health insurance and improved cognition (β = 0.14, p = 0.006, 95% CI [0.04, 0.25]) (see Table 3). However, the direction of the association suggested that the absence of health insurance was linked to improved cognitive function, an unanticipated finding that counters our initial hypothesis. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic status variables, the direction of the association reversed, aligning with our initial hypothesis that lack of health insurance would be associated with cognitive decline. This association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment (β = -0.01, p = 0.9, 95% CI [-0.11, 0.10]). The two-way interaction between health insurance status and Latino ethnicity on cognitive decline was not significant (e.g., Cuban; b=-0.04, p=0.8), nor was the three-way interaction between health insurance status, Latino ethnicity, and family cohesion (e.g., Dominicans; b=-0.29, p= 0.6).Conclusions: This study addresses a critical gap in the literature by disaggregating Latino ethnic groups to assess the links between insurance, healthcare utilization, and cognition. The findings underscore the need for culturally informed, community-based care models tailored to diverse Latino populations. Associations between cognitive impairment and avoidable utilization likely reflect underlying disparities in preventive care access. Current immigration policies, which exert "chilling effects" on healthcare access for Latino populations, act as political determinants of health. Findings from this dissertation support the development of inclusive public health and immigration policies that promote health equity and mitigate cognitive decline in Latino communities.
일반주제명  
Nursing
일반주제명  
Health sciences
일반주제명  
Latin American studies
키워드  
Latino population
키워드  
Data disaggregation
키워드  
Health equity
키워드  
Dementia
키워드  
Health insurance
기타저자  
New York University College of Nursing
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aFernandez  Cajavilca,  Moroni.
■24510▼aHealthcare  Access,  Utilization,  and  Cognitive  Decline  Among  Latino  Ethnic  Groups:  A  Disaggregated  Analysis  of  the  Study  of  Latinos-Investigation  of  Neurocognitive  Aging  (SOL-INCA)
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a166  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Sadarangani,  Tina.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aBackground:  The  Latino  population  in  the  United  States  (US)  is  expected  to  have  the  largest  projected  growth  in  persons  living  with  dementia  by  2060  relative  to  other  racial  and  ethnic  groups.  Evidence  suggests  that  health  insurance  enables  access  to  healthcare  services,  which  may,  in  turn,  prevent  cognitive  decline  and  avoidable  healthcare  utilization  (e.g.,  fewer  hospitalizations).  As  such,  health  insurance  represents  a  potentially  modifiable  intervention  point,  particularly  for  Latino  populations  at  elevated  risk  for  dementia.  However,  the  dearth  of  data  on  middle-aged  and  older  Latino  ethnic  groups  has  made  it  difficult  to  examine  the  relationship  between  health  insurance,  healthcare  utilization,  and  cognitive  decline  across  different  policy-relevant  population  characteristics  and  groups.  Moreover,  there  is  limited  knowledge  about  the  role  of  specific  Latino  ethnicity  and  sociocultural  factors  (e.g.,  family  cohesion)  in  influencing  the  relationships  between  health  insurance,  healthcare  utilization,  and  cognitive  decline.  Objective:  The  overall  objective  of  this  dissertation  was  to  characterize  the  associations  between  health  insurance,  healthcare  utilization,  and  cognitive  decline  among  Latino  adults  50  years  of  age  by  disaggregated  Latino  ethnicity  (Mexican,  Puerto  Rican,  Cuban,  Dominican,  South  American,  Central  American,  More  than  One/Other).  The  Specific  Aims  were  to:  1)  investigate  differences  in  health  insurance,  healthcare  utilization,  and  cognitive  decline  across  diverse  Latino  ethnic  groups,  and  provide  methodological  considerations  for  data  disaggregation,  2)  examine  the  associations  between  cognitive  impairment  and  healthcare  utilization  and  whether  these  associations  are  moderated  by  Latino  ethnicity,  and  3)  examine  the  relationship  between  health  insurance  status  and  cognitive  decline  across  disaggregated  Latino  ethnic  groups  and  to  what  extent  Latino  ethnicity  and  family  cohesion  moderate  these  relationships.Methods:  To  address  Aim  1,  we  disaggregated  secondary  data  from  the  Study  of  Latinos-Investigation  of  Neurocognitive  Aging  (SOL-INCA).  Our  analysis  consisted  of  aggregated  and  disaggregated  data,  which  was  then  further  stratified  by  intersectional  identities  (sex  and  language  preference).  For  Aim  2,  a  series  of  weighted  logistic  regressions  and  a  two-way  interaction  term  were  used.  Aim  3  utilized  survey-weighted,  sequential  linear  regression  models,  two-way,  and  three-way  interaction  terms  were  utilized.  Results:  Data  disaggregation  illustrated  significant  differences  between  groups  that  would  otherwise  be  missed  without  subgroup  analysis.  We  discussed  common  limitations  associated  with  data  disaggregation  and  how  prospective  researchers  may  improve  best  practices  in  secondary  data  analyses.  Logistic  regression  analyses  showed  significant  associations  as  Latino  participants  with  cognitive  impairment  were  twice  as  likely  to  report  overall  healthcare  utilization  (OR=1.94,  p=0.013,  95%  CI  [1.15,  3.27])  and  1.5  times  more  likely  to  report  avoidable  healthcare  utilization  (OR=1.51,  p=0.004,  95%  CI  [1.14,  1.98]).  We  observed  in  the  two-way  interaction  that  only  one  ethnic  group,  Puerto  Ricans  with  cognitive  impairment  (OR=2.61,  p  =0.014,  95%  CI  [1.22,  5.59]),  was  more  likely  to  have  avoidable  healthcare  utilization  than  Mexican  respondents  without  cognitive  impairment.  Results  from  the  sequential  linear  regression  showed  a  significant  association  between  lack  of  health  insurance  and  improved  cognition  (β  =  0.14,  p  =  0.006,  95%  CI  [0.04,  0.25])  (see  Table  3).  However,  the  direction  of  the  association  suggested  that  the  absence  of  health  insurance  was  linked  to  improved  cognitive  function,  an  unanticipated  finding  that  counters  our  initial  hypothesis.  After  adjusting  for  demographic  and  socioeconomic  status  variables,  the  direction  of  the  association  reversed,  aligning  with  our  initial  hypothesis  that  lack  of  health  insurance  would  be  associated  with  cognitive  decline.  This  association  was  no  longer  statistically  significant  after  adjustment  (β  =  -0.01,  p  =  0.9,  95%  CI  [-0.11,  0.10]).  The  two-way  interaction  between  health  insurance  status  and  Latino  ethnicity  on  cognitive  decline  was  not  significant  (e.g.,  Cuban;  b=-0.04,  p=0.8),  nor  was  the  three-way  interaction  between  health  insurance  status,  Latino  ethnicity,  and  family  cohesion  (e.g.,  Dominicans;  b=-0.29,  p=  0.6).Conclusions:  This  study  addresses  a  critical  gap  in  the  literature  by  disaggregating  Latino  ethnic  groups  to  assess  the  links  between  insurance,  healthcare  utilization,  and  cognition.  The  findings  underscore  the  need  for  culturally  informed,  community-based  care  models  tailored  to  diverse  Latino  populations.  Associations  between  cognitive  impairment  and  avoidable  utilization  likely  reflect  underlying  disparities  in  preventive  care  access.  Current  immigration  policies,  which  exert  "chilling  effects"  on  healthcare  access  for  Latino  populations,  act  as  political  determinants  of  health.  Findings  from  this  dissertation  support  the  development  of  inclusive  public  health  and  immigration  policies  that  promote  health  equity  and  mitigate  cognitive  decline  in  Latino  communities.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aNursing
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■650  4▼aLatin  American  studies
■653    ▼aLatino  population
■653    ▼aData  disaggregation
■653    ▼aHealth  equity
■653    ▼aDementia
■653    ▼aHealth  insurance
■690    ▼a0569
■690    ▼a0566
■690    ▼a0769
■690    ▼a0550
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bCollege  of  Nursing.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02A.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359420▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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