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Electrophiles as Tools for Protein Targeting: Applications in Inverse Drug Discovery and 19F NMR Studies
Electrophiles as Tools for Protein Targeting: Applications in Inverse Drug Discovery and 1...
Electrophiles as Tools for Protein Targeting: Applications in Inverse Drug Discovery and 19F NMR Studies

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105255
ISBN  
9798297994768
DDC  
540
저자명  
Norman, Sarah M.
서명/저자  
Electrophiles as Tools for Protein Targeting: Applications in Inverse Drug Discovery and 19F NMR Studies
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Scripps Research Institute, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
250 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kelly, Jeffery W.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Scripps Research Institute, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The drug discovery process frequently faces limitations due to the large cost of time, money, energy and resources. There have therefore been large efforts, especially within recent years as we grow in our understanding of disease pathology, to render drug discovery more efficient. Historically, there were concerns surrounding the use of covalent drugs, ones which bind to their target(s) irreversibly, due to the concern of off-target reactivity and subsequent toxicity. Despite this hesitation, numerous drugs were shown to work through a covalent mechanism of action (MOA) after their therapeutic efficacy was already well established (e.g., Omeprazole, Aspirin, Penicillin), highlighting the great therapeutic potential of covalent drugs. In recent years, the advent of chemoproteomics along with the employment of weaker electrophiles has led to a vast increase in the number of covalent drugs seen in both literature and the clinic. An alternative strategy to more traditional drug discovery efforts is termed Inverse Drug Discovery (IDD) and is a proposed method from a collaboration between the Kelly, Sharpless and Cravatt labs, wherein a weakly reactive electrophile with an alkyne handle incorporated into its structure is screened against the entire proteome of a living cell. This target-agnostic method uses quantitative chemoproteomics to identify and quantify the target proteins. A summary of the history of covalent drug discovery to modern drug discovery including IDD can be found in the Introduction.Chapter II describes the application of IDD using second-generation arylfluorosulates, an electrophilic species derived from the chemistry of sulfur(VI)-fluoride exchange (SuFEx). These arylfluorosulfates were derived from novel phenols generated using C-H activation chemistry. This effort led to the identification of N1e2, a stereoprobe of the endoplasmic reticulum's (ER) resident heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Immunofluorescence (IF) imaging and cell-based fluorescence assays reveal the potential of N1e2 to be harnessed as a cellular stress sensor for imaging purposes or for screening (e.g. high throughput screening (HTS)).Chapter III differs in that it explores the use of electrophiles, not as therapeutic agents, but as tools for studying proteins by 19F NMR. Electrophiles with a trifluoromethyl group (-CF3) incorporated into their structure can be harnessed as powerful tools to study protein biology by 19F NMR. One frequently used cysteine-selective 19F NMR probe is 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (BTFA), owing to its high labeling efficiency, small size and commercial availability. BTFA rapidly hydrates in the presence of water, leading to the presence of multiple species (depending on the solvent used) by 19F NMR. This phenomenon led us to the discovery of a previously undisclosed side reaction that BTFA is capable of after cysteine alkylation. A survey of known and newly designed (and in some cases synthesized) 19F NMR probes was performed against a transthyretin (TTR) double mutant protein (C10A/S85C) to assess their labeling efficiency and cysteine selectivity. 2-Iodo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acetamide (ITFEA), a commercially available CF3-based probe, was identified as being the most comparable to BTFA, with a very similar labeling efficiency after 1h at RT (80 vs 90%). ITFEA also does not undergo hydration nor the same side reactivity as BTFA does under the same conditions, presenting a reasonable alternative for NMR spectroscopists and protein biochemists to use.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Immunology
키워드  
Drug discovery
키워드  
Inverse Drug Discovery
키워드  
Endoplasmic reticulum
키워드  
Immunofluorescence
키워드  
Transthyretin
기타저자  
The Scripps Research Institute Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aNorman,  Sarah  M.
■24510▼aElectrophiles  as  Tools  for  Protein  Targeting:  Applications  in  Inverse  Drug  Discovery  and  19F  NMR  Studies
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Scripps  Research  Institute▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a250  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kelly,  Jeffery  W.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Scripps  Research  Institute,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  drug  discovery  process  frequently  faces  limitations  due  to  the  large  cost  of  time,  money,  energy  and  resources.  There  have  therefore  been  large  efforts,  especially  within  recent  years  as  we  grow  in  our  understanding  of  disease  pathology,  to  render  drug  discovery  more  efficient.  Historically,  there  were  concerns  surrounding  the  use  of  covalent  drugs,  ones  which  bind  to  their  target(s)  irreversibly,  due  to  the  concern  of  off-target  reactivity  and  subsequent  toxicity.  Despite  this  hesitation,  numerous  drugs  were  shown  to  work  through  a  covalent  mechanism  of  action  (MOA)  after  their  therapeutic  efficacy  was  already  well  established  (e.g.,  Omeprazole,  Aspirin,  Penicillin),  highlighting  the  great  therapeutic  potential  of  covalent  drugs.  In  recent  years,  the  advent  of  chemoproteomics  along  with  the  employment  of  weaker  electrophiles  has  led  to  a  vast  increase  in  the  number  of  covalent  drugs  seen  in  both  literature  and  the  clinic.  An  alternative  strategy  to  more  traditional  drug  discovery  efforts  is  termed  Inverse  Drug  Discovery  (IDD)  and  is  a  proposed  method  from  a  collaboration  between  the  Kelly,  Sharpless  and  Cravatt  labs,  wherein  a  weakly  reactive  electrophile  with  an  alkyne  handle  incorporated  into  its  structure  is  screened  against  the  entire  proteome  of  a  living  cell.  This  target-agnostic  method  uses  quantitative  chemoproteomics  to  identify  and  quantify  the  target  proteins.  A  summary  of  the  history  of  covalent  drug  discovery  to  modern  drug  discovery  including  IDD  can  be  found  in  the  Introduction.Chapter  II  describes  the  application  of  IDD  using  second-generation  arylfluorosulates,  an  electrophilic  species  derived  from  the  chemistry  of  sulfur(VI)-fluoride  exchange  (SuFEx).  These  arylfluorosulfates  were  derived  from  novel  phenols  generated  using  C-H  activation  chemistry.  This  effort  led  to  the  identification  of  N1e2,  a  stereoprobe  of  the  endoplasmic  reticulum's  (ER)  resident  heat  shock  protein  90  (HSP90).  Immunofluorescence  (IF)  imaging  and  cell-based  fluorescence  assays  reveal  the  potential  of  N1e2  to  be  harnessed  as  a  cellular  stress  sensor  for  imaging  purposes  or  for  screening  (e.g.  high  throughput  screening  (HTS)).Chapter  III  differs  in  that  it  explores  the  use  of  electrophiles,  not  as  therapeutic  agents,  but  as  tools  for  studying  proteins  by  19F  NMR.  Electrophiles  with  a  trifluoromethyl  group  (-CF3)  incorporated  into  their  structure  can  be  harnessed  as  powerful  tools  to  study  protein  biology  by  19F  NMR.  One  frequently  used  cysteine-selective  19F  NMR  probe  is  3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one  (BTFA),  owing  to  its  high  labeling  efficiency,  small  size  and  commercial  availability.  BTFA  rapidly  hydrates  in  the  presence  of  water,  leading  to  the  presence  of  multiple  species  (depending  on  the  solvent  used)  by  19F  NMR.  This  phenomenon  led  us  to  the  discovery  of  a  previously  undisclosed  side  reaction  that  BTFA  is  capable  of  after  cysteine  alkylation.  A  survey  of  known  and  newly  designed  (and  in  some  cases  synthesized)  19F  NMR  probes  was  performed  against  a  transthyretin  (TTR)  double  mutant  protein  (C10A/S85C)  to  assess  their  labeling  efficiency  and  cysteine  selectivity.  2-Iodo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acetamide  (ITFEA),  a  commercially  available  CF3-based  probe,  was  identified  as  being  the  most  comparable  to  BTFA,  with  a  very  similar  labeling  efficiency  after  1h  at  RT  (80  vs  90%).  ITFEA  also  does  not  undergo  hydration  nor  the  same  side  reactivity  as  BTFA  does  under  the  same  conditions,  presenting  a  reasonable  alternative  for  NMR  spectroscopists  and  protein  biochemists  to  use.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  1179.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aImmunology
■653    ▼aDrug  discovery
■653    ▼aInverse  Drug  Discovery
■653    ▼aEndoplasmic  reticulum
■653    ▼aImmunofluorescence
■653    ▼aTransthyretin
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0982
■71020▼aThe  Scripps  Research  Institute▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a1179
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360038▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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