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Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States
Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103020
- ISBN
- 9798286442102
- DDC
- 574.191
- 저자명
- Yuan, Tianyu.
- 서명/저자
- Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Yale University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 175 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Mochrie, Simon G. J.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The central question in chromatin architecture and dynamics is how meter-long DNA strands are organized within a micrometer-sized nucleus while maintaining regulation of all genomic activities. While some organizational principles have been identified and validated through both theoretical models and experiments, controversies between alternative mechanisms persist, continually refining and enriching our understanding of chromatin architecture and dynamics. At the intermediate length scale, chromatin architecture is characterized by topologically associating domains (TADs), revealed through experimental Hi-C contact maps. This organization can be explained and modeled using loop extrusion factor (LEF) models, which rely on the correlation between TAD boundaries and the genomic positions of boundary elements (BEs). However, although TADs feature prominently in their Hi-C contact maps, non-vertebrate eukaryotes either possess unidentified functional BEs or exhibit few TAD boundaries that correlate with the known BE binding sites, frustrating comparisons between Hi-C data and simulations.To model intermediate-scale chromatin organization across the tree of life, characterized by TADs, the first chapter introduces the conserved-current loop extrusion (CCLE) model that interprets LEFs as a nearly conserved probability current. By design, CCLE eliminates the need to identify BEs and their genomic positions, relying instead on ChIP-seq data of LEFs as its sole input. CCLE provides a modified paradigm for LEF models, shifting from the concept of localized barriers to incorporating position-dependent loop extrusion rates. We show that CCLE accurately predicts the TAD-scale Hi-C contact maps of interphase Schizosaccharomyces pombe, meiotic and mitotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Mus musculus liver cells, demonstrating its utility in eukaryotes both with and without identified functional BEs. More importantly, the success of CCLE in these systems suggests that loop extrusion is indeed the primary mechanism underlying TAD-scale chromatin organization in eukaryotes.Building on the assumption that the loop extrusion mechanism predominantly shapes chromatin organization at the intermediate length scale, the second chapter investigates how loop extrusion affects chromatin dynamics. By incorporating loops and dynamic loop extrusion into the classical nearest-neighbor Rouse model, we enable exact simulations of the resultant looped chromatin polymer. We demonstrate that chromatin loops in a native, dynamic steady state reduce chromatin mobility, as measured by the time- and ensemble-averaged mean square displacements (MSDs), reminiscent of recent experimental results that examine the dynamics of chromatin loci in living cells. We also find that loops reduce the MSD's stretching exponent from the classical Rouse-model value of 1/2 to a value near 0.45, which has also been observed in recent experiments. Furthermore, our extended Rouse model approach enables us to investigate chromatin dynamics with any loop configuration. By studying static "rosette" configurations, we demonstrate that chromatin MSDs and stretching exponents depend on the location of the locus in question relative to the position of the loops and on the local friction environments.
- 일반주제명
- Biophysics
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 일반주제명
- Genetics
- 키워드
- Rouse model
- 기타저자
- Yale University Physics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202103020
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798286442102
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31844491
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574.191
■1001 ▼aYuan, Tianyu.
■24510▼aChromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bYale University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a175 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Mochrie, Simon G. J.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
■520 ▼aThe central question in chromatin architecture and dynamics is how meter-long DNA strands are organized within a micrometer-sized nucleus while maintaining regulation of all genomic activities. While some organizational principles have been identified and validated through both theoretical models and experiments, controversies between alternative mechanisms persist, continually refining and enriching our understanding of chromatin architecture and dynamics. At the intermediate length scale, chromatin architecture is characterized by topologically associating domains (TADs), revealed through experimental Hi-C contact maps. This organization can be explained and modeled using loop extrusion factor (LEF) models, which rely on the correlation between TAD boundaries and the genomic positions of boundary elements (BEs). However, although TADs feature prominently in their Hi-C contact maps, non-vertebrate eukaryotes either possess unidentified functional BEs or exhibit few TAD boundaries that correlate with the known BE binding sites, frustrating comparisons between Hi-C data and simulations.To model intermediate-scale chromatin organization across the tree of life, characterized by TADs, the first chapter introduces the conserved-current loop extrusion (CCLE) model that interprets LEFs as a nearly conserved probability current. By design, CCLE eliminates the need to identify BEs and their genomic positions, relying instead on ChIP-seq data of LEFs as its sole input. CCLE provides a modified paradigm for LEF models, shifting from the concept of localized barriers to incorporating position-dependent loop extrusion rates. We show that CCLE accurately predicts the TAD-scale Hi-C contact maps of interphase Schizosaccharomyces pombe, meiotic and mitotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Mus musculus liver cells, demonstrating its utility in eukaryotes both with and without identified functional BEs. More importantly, the success of CCLE in these systems suggests that loop extrusion is indeed the primary mechanism underlying TAD-scale chromatin organization in eukaryotes.Building on the assumption that the loop extrusion mechanism predominantly shapes chromatin organization at the intermediate length scale, the second chapter investigates how loop extrusion affects chromatin dynamics. By incorporating loops and dynamic loop extrusion into the classical nearest-neighbor Rouse model, we enable exact simulations of the resultant looped chromatin polymer. We demonstrate that chromatin loops in a native, dynamic steady state reduce chromatin mobility, as measured by the time- and ensemble-averaged mean square displacements (MSDs), reminiscent of recent experimental results that examine the dynamics of chromatin loci in living cells. We also find that loops reduce the MSD's stretching exponent from the classical Rouse-model value of 1/2 to a value near 0.45, which has also been observed in recent experiments. Furthermore, our extended Rouse model approach enables us to investigate chromatin dynamics with any loop configuration. By studying static "rosette" configurations, we demonstrate that chromatin MSDs and stretching exponents depend on the location of the locus in question relative to the position of the loops and on the local friction environments.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0265.
■650 4▼aBiophysics
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■650 4▼aGenetics
■653 ▼aChromatin dynamics
■653 ▼aChromatin organization
■653 ▼aGenome organization
■653 ▼aLoop extrusion factor model
■653 ▼aRouse model
■690 ▼a0786
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0369
■690 ▼a0307
■71020▼aYale University▼bPhysics.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-12B.
■790 ▼a0265
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356706▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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