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Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States
Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States
Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103020
ISBN  
9798286442102
DDC  
574.191
저자명  
Yuan, Tianyu.
서명/저자  
Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics in Native Folding States
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
175 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Mochrie, Simon G. J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The central question in chromatin architecture and dynamics is how meter-long DNA strands are organized within a micrometer-sized nucleus while maintaining regulation of all genomic activities. While some organizational principles have been identified and validated through both theoretical models and experiments, controversies between alternative mechanisms persist, continually refining and enriching our understanding of chromatin architecture and dynamics. At the intermediate length scale, chromatin architecture is characterized by topologically associating domains (TADs), revealed through experimental Hi-C contact maps. This organization can be explained and modeled using loop extrusion factor (LEF) models, which rely on the correlation between TAD boundaries and the genomic positions of boundary elements (BEs). However, although TADs feature prominently in their Hi-C contact maps, non-vertebrate eukaryotes either possess unidentified functional BEs or exhibit few TAD boundaries that correlate with the known BE binding sites, frustrating comparisons between Hi-C data and simulations.To model intermediate-scale chromatin organization across the tree of life, characterized by TADs, the first chapter introduces the conserved-current loop extrusion (CCLE) model that interprets LEFs as a nearly conserved probability current. By design, CCLE eliminates the need to identify BEs and their genomic positions, relying instead on ChIP-seq data of LEFs as its sole input. CCLE provides a modified paradigm for LEF models, shifting from the concept of localized barriers to incorporating position-dependent loop extrusion rates. We show that CCLE accurately predicts the TAD-scale Hi-C contact maps of interphase Schizosaccharomyces pombe, meiotic and mitotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Mus musculus liver cells, demonstrating its utility in eukaryotes both with and without identified functional BEs. More importantly, the success of CCLE in these systems suggests that loop extrusion is indeed the primary mechanism underlying TAD-scale chromatin organization in eukaryotes.Building on the assumption that the loop extrusion mechanism predominantly shapes chromatin organization at the intermediate length scale, the second chapter investigates how loop extrusion affects chromatin dynamics. By incorporating loops and dynamic loop extrusion into the classical nearest-neighbor Rouse model, we enable exact simulations of the resultant looped chromatin polymer. We demonstrate that chromatin loops in a native, dynamic steady state reduce chromatin mobility, as measured by the time- and ensemble-averaged mean square displacements (MSDs), reminiscent of recent experimental results that examine the dynamics of chromatin loci in living cells. We also find that loops reduce the MSD's stretching exponent from the classical Rouse-model value of 1/2 to a value near 0.45, which has also been observed in recent experiments. Furthermore, our extended Rouse model approach enables us to investigate chromatin dynamics with any loop configuration. By studying static "rosette" configurations, we demonstrate that chromatin MSDs and stretching exponents depend on the location of the locus in question relative to the position of the loops and on the local friction environments.
일반주제명  
Biophysics
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Chromatin dynamics
키워드  
Chromatin organization
키워드  
Genome organization
키워드  
Loop extrusion factor model
키워드  
Rouse model
기타저자  
Yale University Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798286442102
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31844491
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574.191
■1001  ▼aYuan,  Tianyu.
■24510▼aChromatin  Architecture  and  Dynamics  in  Native  Folding  States
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a175  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mochrie,  Simon  G.  J.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  central  question  in  chromatin  architecture  and  dynamics  is  how  meter-long  DNA  strands  are  organized  within  a  micrometer-sized  nucleus  while  maintaining  regulation  of  all  genomic  activities.  While  some  organizational  principles  have  been  identified  and  validated  through  both  theoretical  models  and  experiments,  controversies  between  alternative  mechanisms  persist,  continually  refining  and  enriching  our  understanding  of  chromatin  architecture  and  dynamics.  At  the  intermediate  length  scale,  chromatin  architecture  is  characterized  by  topologically  associating  domains  (TADs),  revealed  through  experimental  Hi-C  contact  maps.  This  organization  can  be  explained  and  modeled  using  loop  extrusion  factor  (LEF)  models,  which  rely  on  the  correlation  between  TAD  boundaries  and  the  genomic  positions  of  boundary  elements  (BEs).  However,  although  TADs  feature  prominently  in  their  Hi-C  contact  maps,  non-vertebrate  eukaryotes  either  possess  unidentified  functional  BEs  or  exhibit  few  TAD  boundaries  that  correlate  with  the  known  BE  binding  sites,  frustrating  comparisons  between  Hi-C  data  and  simulations.To  model  intermediate-scale  chromatin  organization  across  the  tree  of  life,  characterized  by  TADs,  the  first  chapter  introduces  the  conserved-current  loop  extrusion  (CCLE)  model  that  interprets  LEFs  as  a  nearly  conserved  probability  current.  By  design,  CCLE  eliminates  the  need  to  identify  BEs  and  their  genomic  positions,  relying  instead  on  ChIP-seq  data  of  LEFs  as  its  sole  input.  CCLE  provides  a  modified  paradigm  for  LEF  models,  shifting  from  the  concept  of  localized  barriers  to  incorporating  position-dependent  loop  extrusion  rates.  We  show  that  CCLE  accurately  predicts  the  TAD-scale  Hi-C  contact  maps  of  interphase  Schizosaccharomyces  pombe,  meiotic  and  mitotic  Saccharomyces  cerevisiae,  and  Mus  musculus  liver  cells,  demonstrating  its  utility  in  eukaryotes  both  with  and  without  identified  functional  BEs.  More  importantly,  the  success  of  CCLE  in  these  systems  suggests  that  loop  extrusion  is  indeed  the  primary  mechanism  underlying  TAD-scale  chromatin  organization  in  eukaryotes.Building  on  the  assumption  that  the  loop  extrusion  mechanism  predominantly  shapes  chromatin  organization  at  the  intermediate  length  scale,  the  second  chapter  investigates  how  loop  extrusion  affects  chromatin  dynamics.  By  incorporating  loops  and  dynamic  loop  extrusion  into  the  classical  nearest-neighbor  Rouse  model,  we  enable  exact  simulations  of  the  resultant  looped  chromatin  polymer.  We  demonstrate  that  chromatin  loops  in  a  native,  dynamic  steady  state  reduce  chromatin  mobility,  as  measured  by  the  time-  and  ensemble-averaged  mean  square  displacements  (MSDs),  reminiscent  of  recent  experimental  results  that  examine  the  dynamics  of  chromatin  loci  in  living  cells.  We  also  find  that  loops  reduce  the  MSD's  stretching  exponent  from  the  classical  Rouse-model  value  of  1/2  to  a  value  near  0.45,  which  has  also  been  observed  in  recent  experiments.  Furthermore,  our  extended  Rouse  model  approach  enables  us  to  investigate  chromatin  dynamics  with  any  loop  configuration.  By  studying  static  "rosette"  configurations,  we  demonstrate  that  chromatin  MSDs  and  stretching  exponents  depend  on  the  location  of  the  locus  in  question  relative  to  the  position  of  the  loops  and  on  the  local  friction  environments.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aChromatin  dynamics
■653    ▼aChromatin  organization
■653    ▼aGenome  organization
■653    ▼aLoop  extrusion  factor  model
■653    ▼aRouse  model
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aYale  University▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356706▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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