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Artificial Intelligence Techniques for High-Precision Invasive and Non-Invasive Neural Stimulation
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for High-Precision Invasive and Non-Invasive Neural Sti...
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for High-Precision Invasive and Non-Invasive Neural Stimulation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103022
ISBN  
9798314867891
DDC  
621.3
저자명  
Goswami, Chaitanya.
서명/저자  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for High-Precision Invasive and Non-Invasive Neural Stimulation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Carnegie Mellon University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
353 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Grover, Pulkit.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The ability to systematically design stimuli that can invoke desired neural responses is one of the main challenges of neural engineering. The process of altering neural activity through targeted delivery of stimuli (e.g., electrical, magnetic, chemical, ultrasound) is referred to as neuromodulation. Neuromodulation therapies have shown promise in treating several neural disorders, such as alleviating Parkinsonian symptoms [1], facilitating stroke rehabilitation [2], regulating depression [3], and more [4]. The field of neuromodulation is one of the fastest-growing areas of medicine, impacting millions of patients [5]. Electrical currents are the most commonly used stimuli among the various stimuli modalities for controlling neural activity [6]. Therefore, it is essential to develop systematic approaches for designing electrical stimuli to enhance the efficacy of neuromodulation therapies in treating neural disorders. Traditionally, electrical stimuli have been designed using domain-specific heuristics and traditional computational neuron models (e.g., Hodgkin-Huxley neuron models [7]). The accuracy of the underlying neural models limits the performance of these model-based approaches. For example, model-based approaches can be inflexible, as model-based approaches utilizing a particular type of neuron model (e.g., FitzHugh-Nagumo model [8]) cannot be easily extended to other neuron model types (e.g., Hodgkin-Huxley models). Furthermore, models can be inaccurate for the task of designing neural stimuli, and it is not a priori apparent that the model being utilized is inaccurate for the purpose of designing stimuli (as we demonstrate in Chapter 2). In certain instances, neural models may not be available altogether due to a paucity of experimental data (see Chapter 8). As for hand-designing electrical stimuli using domain-specific heuristics, it works well when the number of stimuli parameters is small (e.g., 1 or 2 parameters) but quickly becomes unfeasible as the number of parameters increases. To address the above limitations of traditional stimuli design, this thesis explores the complementary approach of designing stimuli directly from data (without explicitly relying on neural models). Inspired by the recent success of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools in numerous fields (such as, image processing, language modeling, robotics, and protein-folding), this thesis develops AI and ML techniques for designing electrical stimuli that evoke desired neural activity in the brain. Designing electrical stimuli can be conceptually divided into two parts: (i) designing where the current is flowing (the spatial aspect) and (ii) designing how the current changes temporally across the duration of stimulation (the temporal aspect).In this thesis, we propose PATHFINDER and its extensions in Chapters 3 and 4 to design the temporal aspect of electrical stimuli directly from data. PATHFINDER utilizes a novel optimization framework to estimate a pseudoinverse of the forward mapping relating the stimuli parameters to the neural responses directly from data. The stimuli parameters are designed using the estimated pseudoinverse without explicitly relying on traditional neural models. Furthermore, through computational experiments, we demonstrate that PATHFINDER is more data-efficient than existing pseudoinverse estimation techniques, which is crucial in the relatively data-scarce field of neural engineering. Using the PATHFINDER optimization framework, we also propose novel adaptive sampling techniques and dimensionality reduction techniques in Chapter 4, which can further increase the data-efficiency of PATHFINDER in designing electrical stimuli.For designing the spatial aspect of electrical stimuli, we propose the HingePlace algorithm and its extensions in Chapters 6 and 8. A common way to inject currents into the brain is to place electrodes in the brain through neurosurgery invasively. Neurosurgery carries significant risks, and it is desirable to stimulate the brain through non-invasive means. A common alternative is transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), which injects current through electrodes placed on the scalp. A particular drawback of tES is the dispersion of the current due to the current traveling through the layers of the head, resulting in stimulation of off-target brain regions. The HingePlace algorithm and its extensions utilize convex optimization tools to design appropriate electrode montages that minimize this off-target neural activation. Through extensive computational (Chapter 6) and experimental studies in rodents and monkeys (Chapter 7), we demonstrate that HingePlace elicits focused neural stimulation. We further demonstrate that the HingePlace-designed electrode montages elicit lower scalp pain in human studies with appropriate regularization (Chapter 8).Finally, we discuss how AI algorithms can help discover novel biophysical phenomena in Chapters 5 and 9. Chapter 5 shows how the AI algorithms revealed a surprising observation regarding charge/energy efficient waveforms for evoking muscle activity, namely, the temporal shape of charge/energy efficient waveforms depends on the spatial shape of the stimulating field. Similarly, Chapter 9 discusses how AI tools helped discover electrically skull-transparent electrode arrangements whose shape of the induced electric field is not affected by changing conductivities and thickness of different head layers. These results demonstrate that AI tools have benefits beyond their intended use and can lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying neuromodulation mechanisms by discovering novel neural responses.
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering
일반주제명  
Computer science
키워드  
Convex optimization
키워드  
Inverse estimation
키워드  
Machine learning
키워드  
Neuromodulation
키워드  
Transcranial electrical stimulation
기타저자  
Carnegie Mellon University Electrical and Computer Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aGoswami,  Chaitanya.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-9483-8821
■24510▼aArtificial  Intelligence  Techniques  for  High-Precision  Invasive  and  Non-Invasive  Neural  Stimulation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCarnegie  Mellon  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a353  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Grover,  Pulkit.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Carnegie  Mellon  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  ability  to  systematically  design  stimuli  that  can  invoke  desired  neural  responses  is  one  of  the  main  challenges  of  neural  engineering.  The  process  of  altering  neural  activity  through  targeted  delivery  of  stimuli  (e.g.,  electrical,  magnetic,  chemical,  ultrasound)  is  referred  to  as  neuromodulation.  Neuromodulation  therapies  have  shown  promise  in  treating  several  neural  disorders,  such  as  alleviating  Parkinsonian  symptoms  [1],  facilitating  stroke  rehabilitation  [2],  regulating  depression  [3],  and  more  [4].  The  field  of  neuromodulation  is  one  of  the  fastest-growing  areas  of  medicine,  impacting  millions  of  patients  [5].  Electrical  currents  are  the  most  commonly  used  stimuli  among  the  various  stimuli  modalities  for  controlling  neural  activity  [6].  Therefore,  it  is  essential  to  develop  systematic  approaches  for  designing  electrical  stimuli  to  enhance  the  efficacy  of  neuromodulation  therapies  in  treating  neural  disorders. Traditionally,  electrical  stimuli  have  been  designed  using  domain-specific  heuristics  and  traditional  computational  neuron  models  (e.g.,  Hodgkin-Huxley  neuron  models  [7]).  The  accuracy  of  the  underlying  neural  models  limits  the  performance  of  these  model-based  approaches.  For  example,  model-based  approaches  can  be  inflexible,  as  model-based  approaches  utilizing  a  particular  type  of  neuron  model  (e.g.,  FitzHugh-Nagumo  model  [8])  cannot  be  easily  extended  to  other  neuron  model  types  (e.g.,  Hodgkin-Huxley  models).  Furthermore,  models  can  be  inaccurate  for  the  task  of  designing  neural  stimuli,  and  it  is  not  a  priori  apparent  that  the  model  being  utilized  is  inaccurate  for  the  purpose  of  designing  stimuli  (as  we  demonstrate  in  Chapter  2).  In  certain  instances,  neural  models  may  not  be  available  altogether  due  to  a  paucity  of  experimental  data  (see  Chapter  8).  As  for  hand-designing  electrical  stimuli  using  domain-specific  heuristics,  it  works  well  when  the  number  of  stimuli  parameters  is  small  (e.g.,  1  or  2  parameters)  but  quickly  becomes  unfeasible  as  the  number  of  parameters  increases. To  address  the  above  limitations  of  traditional  stimuli  design,  this  thesis  explores  the  complementary  approach  of  designing  stimuli  directly  from  data  (without  explicitly  relying  on  neural  models).  Inspired  by  the  recent  success  of  artificial  intelligence  (AI)  and  machine  learning  (ML)  tools  in  numerous  fields  (such  as,  image  processing,  language  modeling,  robotics,  and  protein-folding),  this  thesis  develops  AI  and  ML  techniques  for  designing  electrical  stimuli  that  evoke  desired  neural  activity  in  the  brain.  Designing  electrical  stimuli  can  be  conceptually  divided  into  two  parts:  (i)  designing  where  the  current  is  flowing  (the  spatial  aspect)  and  (ii)  designing  how the  current  changes  temporally  across  the  duration  of  stimulation  (the  temporal  aspect).In  this  thesis,  we  propose  PATHFINDER  and  its  extensions  in  Chapters  3  and  4  to  design  the  temporal  aspect  of  electrical  stimuli  directly  from  data.  PATHFINDER  utilizes  a  novel  optimization  framework  to  estimate  a  pseudoinverse  of  the  forward  mapping  relating  the  stimuli  parameters  to  the  neural  responses  directly  from  data.  The  stimuli  parameters  are  designed  using  the  estimated  pseudoinverse  without  explicitly  relying  on  traditional  neural  models.  Furthermore,  through  computational  experiments,  we  demonstrate  that  PATHFINDER  is  more  data-efficient  than  existing  pseudoinverse  estimation  techniques,  which  is  crucial  in  the  relatively  data-scarce  field  of  neural  engineering.  Using  the  PATHFINDER  optimization  framework,  we  also  propose  novel  adaptive  sampling  techniques  and  dimensionality  reduction  techniques  in  Chapter  4,  which  can  further  increase  the  data-efficiency  of  PATHFINDER  in  designing  electrical  stimuli.For  designing  the  spatial  aspect  of  electrical  stimuli,  we  propose  the  HingePlace  algorithm  and  its  extensions  in  Chapters  6  and  8.  A  common  way  to  inject  currents  into  the  brain  is  to  place  electrodes  in  the  brain  through  neurosurgery  invasively.  Neurosurgery  carries  significant  risks,  and  it  is  desirable  to  stimulate  the  brain  through  non-invasive  means.  A  common  alternative  is  transcranial  electrical  stimulation  (tES),  which  injects  current  through  electrodes  placed  on  the  scalp.  A  particular  drawback  of  tES  is  the  dispersion  of  the  current  due  to  the  current  traveling  through  the  layers  of  the  head,  resulting  in  stimulation  of  off-target  brain  regions.  The  HingePlace  algorithm  and  its  extensions  utilize  convex  optimization  tools  to  design  appropriate  electrode  montages  that  minimize  this  off-target  neural  activation.  Through  extensive  computational  (Chapter  6)  and  experimental  studies  in  rodents  and  monkeys  (Chapter  7),  we  demonstrate  that  HingePlace  elicits  focused  neural  stimulation.  We  further  demonstrate  that  the  HingePlace-designed  electrode  montages  elicit  lower  scalp  pain  in  human  studies  with  appropriate  regularization  (Chapter  8).Finally,  we  discuss  how  AI  algorithms  can  help  discover  novel  biophysical  phenomena  in  Chapters  5  and  9.  Chapter  5  shows  how  the  AI  algorithms  revealed  a  surprising  observation  regarding  charge/energy  efficient  waveforms  for  evoking  muscle  activity,  namely,  the  temporal  shape  of  charge/energy  efficient  waveforms  depends  on  the  spatial  shape  of  the  stimulating  field.  Similarly,  Chapter  9  discusses  how  AI  tools  helped  discover  electrically  skull-transparent  electrode  arrangements  whose  shape  of  the  induced  electric  field  is  not  affected  by  changing  conductivities  and  thickness  of  different  head  layers.  These  results  demonstrate  that  AI  tools  have  benefits  beyond  their  intended  use  and  can  lead  to  a  deeper  understanding  of  the  mechanisms  underlying  neuromodulation  mechanisms  by  discovering  novel  neural  responses.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0041.
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■653    ▼aConvex  optimization
■653    ▼aInverse  estimation
■653    ▼aMachine  learning
■653    ▼aNeuromodulation
■653    ▼aTranscranial  electrical  stimulation
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0541
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0984
■71020▼aCarnegie  Mellon  University▼bElectrical  and  Computer  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0041
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356715▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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