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Dysregulation of Transcription and mRNA Processing in Splicing Factor Mutant States: Mechanistic Insights and Implications
Dysregulation of Transcription and mRNA Processing in Splicing Factor Mutant States: Mecha...
Dysregulation of Transcription and mRNA Processing in Splicing Factor Mutant States: Mechanistic Insights and Implications

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103024
ISBN  
9798286425860
DDC  
574
저자명  
Boddu, Prajwal Chaitanya.
서명/저자  
Dysregulation of Transcription and mRNA Processing in Splicing Factor Mutant States: Mechanistic Insights and Implications
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
242 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Pillai, Manoj M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Recurrent mutations in RNA splicing factor (SF) genes, such as SF3B1, U2AF1, SRSF2, and ZRSR2, are key drivers of oncogenesis in various cancers, particularly clonal myeloid disorders like Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Over the past decade, significant insights have been gained into their molecular mechanisms and effects on RNA splicing. These mutations are typically heterozygous and non-synonymous (except ZRSR2, which involves single-allele loss-of-function mutations) and are largely mutually exclusive, suggesting shared downstream mechanisms that prevent co-occurrence. Given their pre-eminent roles in splicing, most studies to date have primarily focused on the effects of SF mutations on alternative splicing (AS). Accordingly, the enhanced clonal fitness conferred by these mutations arises from aberrant splicing of key oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes altering protein function. However, these AS events are largely mutation-specific and not shared across SF mutation types. This, along with the striking mutual exclusivity of SF mutations, underscores the need to explore broader mechanisms beyond mutation-specific isoform changes in select downstream target genes.Although RNA transcription and splicing are closely coordinated processes, disruption of co-transcriptional splicing as a basis for disease remains unexplored. Transcription studies require studying acute changes in inducible model systems. Furthermore, SF mutations are toxic to cells in vitro, presenting challenges to isolating and growing cells while the mutant protein is actively being expressed. To address this, I developed a novel inducible isogenic cell line system combining AAV-intron trap and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. This system enables scalable expansion of cells and inducible mutant allele expression via Cre-recombinase. Generating isogenic models for mutations that confer a growth disadvantage has been challenging. By integrating AAV-intron trap, CRISPR/Cas9, and inducible Cre-recombinase technologies, I achieved 90% efficiency in introducing the oncogenic K700E mutation in SF3B1 and S34F mutation in U2AF1. The AAV-intron trap restricted editing to one allele, while CRISPR/Cas9-directed homologous recombination targeted the desired locus. Inducible Cre-recombinase facilitated cell expansion prior to mutant allele expression, overcoming the toxicity of SF3B1K700E. This optimized approach is adaptable for other oncogenes with similar challenges.Using this inducible model, I discovered that SF3B1 and U2AF1 mutations impair RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) transcription elongation along gene bodies and reduce its promoter density, leading to an increase in R-loop structures, leading to transcription-replication conflicts, replicative stress, and activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). These elongation defects were linked to disrupted pre-spliceosome assembly due to impaired protein-protein interactions of mutant SF3B1, leading to defective early spliceosome complex transitions. This disruption represents a novel disease paradigm for altered transcription dynamics, where co-transcriptional splicing defects directly impact transcriptional elongation. Altered Pol II promoter density was associated with a closed promoter configuration and reduced H3K4me3 marks, attributed to premature Pol II release. An unbiased screen identified epigenetic factors in the Sin3/HDAC/H3K4me pathway as regulators of these defects. Modulating this pathway normalized transcriptional disruptions and their downstream effects, presenting a potential therapeutic target for SF-mutant diseases.One common finding across MDS-associated SF mutations that may explain their mutual exclusivity is the increase in R-loop-associated DDR. However, the downstream consequences of transcription defects, replicative stress, and DDR on fundamental RNA metabolism processes, including alternative splicing (AS), remain poorly characterized. To address this, I investigated the relationship between DDR and altered splicing functions across SF mutants. Analysis of RNA-seq data from 395 SF-mutant patients and 64 healthy donors identified a shared retained intron (RI) signature unique to SF mutations, distinct from healthy controls. These bidirectional RI alterations were highly concordant across mutants, indicating a common trans-acting mechanism rather than mutation-specific cis-effects. The RI patterns correlated with an imbalance in SRSF1 and HNRNP activities. Biochemical analyses revealed that SRSF1 activity loss was due to hypophosphorylation of its C-terminal RS domain. Mechanistic studies in SF-mutant cell lines and patient-derived progenitors implicated disruption of the AKT-SRPK-SRSF1 axis, driven by a loss of AMPK/AKT balance, as the underlying cause of these changes. Notably, activation of the DDR by chemotherapy agents induced similar disruptions in AMPK/AKT balance and SRSF1 hypophosphorylation, linking DDR-induced metabolic stress in clonal states to global signaling pathways regulating pre-mRNA processing and AS.In summary, this study reveals how SF mutations disrupt co-transcriptional splicing and transcription elongation, uncovering a shared retained intron (RI) signature across SF mutations driven by DDR-induced metabolic stress. It also highlights the critical role of DDR in mediating alternative splicing dysfunction through the disruption of key signaling pathways, including the AKT-SRPK1 axis. These insights provide a strong rationale for targeting the Sin3/HDAC complex and related pathways as potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate transcriptional and splicing defects in SF-mutant diseases.
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Oncology
키워드  
Cancer
키워드  
Chromatin
키워드  
Splicing assembly
키워드  
Splicing factors
키워드  
Transcription
기타저자  
Yale University Investigative Medicine
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31844931
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574
■1001  ▼aBoddu,  Prajwal  Chaitanya.
■24510▼aDysregulation  of  Transcription  and  mRNA  Processing  in  Splicing  Factor  Mutant  States:  Mechanistic  Insights  and  Implications
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a242  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Pillai,  Manoj  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aRecurrent  mutations  in  RNA  splicing  factor  (SF)  genes,  such  as  SF3B1,  U2AF1,  SRSF2,  and  ZRSR2,  are  key  drivers  of  oncogenesis  in  various  cancers,  particularly  clonal  myeloid  disorders  like  Myelodysplastic  syndromes  (MDS)  and  Acute  Myeloid  Leukemia  (AML).  Over  the  past  decade,  significant  insights  have  been  gained  into  their  molecular  mechanisms  and  effects  on  RNA  splicing.  These  mutations  are  typically  heterozygous  and  non-synonymous  (except  ZRSR2,  which  involves  single-allele  loss-of-function  mutations)  and  are  largely  mutually  exclusive,  suggesting  shared  downstream  mechanisms  that  prevent  co-occurrence.  Given  their  pre-eminent  roles  in  splicing,  most  studies  to  date  have  primarily  focused  on  the  effects  of  SF  mutations  on  alternative  splicing  (AS).  Accordingly,  the  enhanced  clonal  fitness  conferred  by  these  mutations  arises  from  aberrant  splicing  of  key  oncogenes  or  tumor  suppressor  genes  altering  protein  function.  However,  these  AS  events  are  largely  mutation-specific  and  not  shared  across  SF  mutation  types.  This,  along  with  the  striking  mutual  exclusivity  of  SF  mutations,  underscores  the  need  to  explore  broader  mechanisms  beyond  mutation-specific  isoform  changes  in  select  downstream  target  genes.Although  RNA  transcription  and  splicing  are  closely  coordinated  processes,  disruption  of  co-transcriptional  splicing  as  a  basis  for  disease  remains  unexplored.  Transcription  studies  require  studying  acute  changes  in  inducible  model  systems.  Furthermore,  SF  mutations  are  toxic  to  cells  in  vitro,  presenting  challenges  to  isolating  and  growing  cells  while  the  mutant  protein  is  actively  being  expressed.  To  address  this,  I  developed  a  novel  inducible  isogenic  cell  line  system combining  AAV-intron  trap  and  CRISPR/Cas9  genome  editing.  This  system  enables  scalable  expansion  of  cells  and  inducible  mutant  allele  expression  via  Cre-recombinase.  Generating  isogenic  models  for  mutations  that  confer  a  growth  disadvantage  has  been  challenging.  By  integrating  AAV-intron  trap,  CRISPR/Cas9,  and  inducible  Cre-recombinase  technologies,  I  achieved  90%  efficiency  in  introducing  the  oncogenic  K700E  mutation  in  SF3B1  and  S34F  mutation  in  U2AF1.  The  AAV-intron  trap  restricted  editing  to  one  allele,  while  CRISPR/Cas9-directed  homologous  recombination  targeted  the  desired  locus.  Inducible  Cre-recombinase  facilitated  cell  expansion  prior  to  mutant  allele  expression,  overcoming  the  toxicity  of  SF3B1K700E.  This  optimized  approach  is  adaptable  for  other  oncogenes  with  similar  challenges.Using  this  inducible  model,  I  discovered  that  SF3B1  and  U2AF1  mutations  impair  RNA  Polymerase  II  (Pol  II)  transcription  elongation  along  gene  bodies  and  reduce  its  promoter  density,  leading  to  an  increase  in  R-loop  structures,  leading  to  transcription-replication  conflicts,  replicative  stress,  and  activation  of  the  DNA  damage  response  (DDR).  These  elongation  defects  were  linked  to  disrupted  pre-spliceosome  assembly  due  to  impaired  protein-protein  interactions  of  mutant  SF3B1,  leading  to  defective  early  spliceosome  complex  transitions.  This  disruption  represents  a  novel  disease  paradigm  for  altered  transcription  dynamics,  where  co-transcriptional  splicing  defects  directly  impact  transcriptional  elongation.  Altered  Pol  II  promoter  density  was  associated  with  a  closed  promoter  configuration  and  reduced  H3K4me3  marks,  attributed  to  premature  Pol  II  release.  An  unbiased  screen  identified  epigenetic  factors  in  the  Sin3/HDAC/H3K4me  pathway  as  regulators  of  these  defects.  Modulating  this  pathway  normalized  transcriptional  disruptions  and  their  downstream  effects,  presenting  a  potential  therapeutic  target  for  SF-mutant  diseases.One  common  finding  across  MDS-associated  SF  mutations  that  may  explain  their  mutual  exclusivity  is  the  increase  in  R-loop-associated  DDR.  However,  the  downstream  consequences  of  transcription  defects,  replicative  stress,  and  DDR  on  fundamental  RNA  metabolism  processes,  including  alternative  splicing  (AS),  remain  poorly  characterized.  To  address  this,  I  investigated  the  relationship  between  DDR  and  altered  splicing  functions  across  SF  mutants.  Analysis  of  RNA-seq  data  from  395  SF-mutant  patients  and  64  healthy  donors  identified  a  shared  retained  intron  (RI)  signature  unique  to  SF  mutations,  distinct  from  healthy  controls.  These  bidirectional  RI  alterations  were  highly  concordant  across  mutants,  indicating  a  common  trans-acting  mechanism  rather  than  mutation-specific  cis-effects.  The  RI  patterns  correlated  with  an  imbalance  in  SRSF1  and  HNRNP  activities.  Biochemical  analyses  revealed  that  SRSF1  activity  loss  was  due  to  hypophosphorylation  of  its  C-terminal  RS  domain.  Mechanistic  studies  in  SF-mutant  cell  lines  and  patient-derived  progenitors  implicated  disruption  of  the  AKT-SRPK-SRSF1  axis,  driven  by  a  loss  of  AMPK/AKT  balance,  as  the  underlying  cause  of  these  changes.  Notably,  activation  of  the  DDR  by  chemotherapy  agents  induced  similar  disruptions  in  AMPK/AKT  balance  and  SRSF1  hypophosphorylation,  linking  DDR-induced  metabolic  stress  in  clonal  states  to  global  signaling  pathways  regulating  pre-mRNA  processing  and  AS.In  summary,  this  study  reveals  how  SF  mutations  disrupt  co-transcriptional  splicing  and  transcription  elongation,  uncovering  a  shared  retained  intron  (RI)  signature  across  SF  mutations  driven  by  DDR-induced  metabolic  stress.  It  also  highlights  the  critical  role  of  DDR  in  mediating  alternative  splicing  dysfunction  through  the  disruption  of  key  signaling  pathways,  including  the  AKT-SRPK1  axis.  These  insights  provide  a  strong  rationale  for  targeting  the  Sin3/HDAC  complex  and  related  pathways  as  potential  therapeutic  strategies  to  mitigate  transcriptional  and  splicing  defects  in  SF-mutant  diseases.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aOncology
■653    ▼aCancer
■653    ▼aChromatin
■653    ▼aSplicing  assembly
■653    ▼aSplicing  factors
■653    ▼aTranscription
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0992
■71020▼aYale  University▼bInvestigative  Medicine.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356723▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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