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Essays on Gender in Macroeconomics
Essays on Gender in Macroeconomics
Essays on Gender in Macroeconomics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103024
ISBN  
9798286441679
DDC  
331
저자명  
Uniat, Lindsey M.
서명/저자  
Essays on Gender in Macroeconomics
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
195 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Peters, Michael.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약My dissertation examines interactions between recent macroeconomic trends in the labor market, including technological change and structural transformation, and changes in female labor supply. In Chapter 1, I investigate the role of factors affecting female labor supply, such as social norms and discrimination, in the decline of routine jobs in the U.S. since the 1970's. While typically attributed to changes in labor demand, the decline in routine employment has been larger for women than men, reflecting a shift of female employment out of routine clerical jobs and into non-routine professions. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the impact of falling labor market distortions faced by women in explaining the trend. One observable manifestation of these falling distortions is the Quiet Revolution, which refers to a shift in women's life cycle labor force attachment from intermittent to continuous after 1970; it spurred the rise of female non-routine employment because these are long-term careers that reward experience. I develop and calibrate an equilibrium model of the labor market featuring the Quiet Revolution, discrimination, and improvement in automation. Counterfactual analyses reveal that the Quiet Revolution and reduced discrimination explain 21% and 59%, respectively, of the growth of non-routine relative to routine white-collar employment among women between 1970 and 2000. Together, they explain 36% of the aggregate increase, while automation explains 56%. Finally, the Quiet Revolution raised output per worker by 3% via increased female experience. Chapter 2 (co-authored with Michael Peters, Pamela Torola, and Fabrizio Zilibotti) is motivated by the fact that despite a tripling of India's GDP per capita between 1987 and 2019, coindicing with rapid urbanization, female labor force participation (FLFP) actually declined. Consistent with this observation, we document a pronounced urban-rural participation gap, where FLFP is higher in poorer, rural labor markets. Using time-use data, we show that this is primarily driven by an extensive margin: in rural districts, women often engage in part-time activities, typically related to agriculture and informal family businesses. These activities are less common in urban areas, where some women take formal jobs, but a larger share withdraws from the labor market to focus on home production. We propose and estimate a model of household labor supply that aligns with these trends. The main drivers of the urban-rural participation gap are higher spousal incomes in cities, which reduce the marginal utility of female labor, and labor market distortions that depress women's urban wages below their marginal product. Counterfactual simulations show that economic growth is unlikely to provide a sharp reversal of this trend in future decades unless it is accompanied by changes in gender norms and labor market institutions.Chapter 3 (co-authored with Paula Calvo and Ilse Lindenlaub) documents novel findings on the relationship between marriage market sorting and intra-household decision-making on consumption and labor supply using data from a new survey we designed for the German Socio-Economic Panel. First, we find that households tend to allocate more private consumption to the female partner when she is at least as educated as the male partner. Second, while women are in general more likely to experience career disruptions at the time of childbearing (over 50% of women do, vs. only 5% of men), women are significantly less likely to experience a disruption when they are more educated than their male partners. The data allow us to document a novel link between both outcomes: women with a higher labor market attachment after having children are also more likely to benefit from a higher share of household resources, even years later.
키워드  
Labor market
키워드  
Female labor force participation
키워드  
Quiet Revolution
기타저자  
Yale University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a331
■1001  ▼aUniat,  Lindsey  M.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Gender  in  Macroeconomics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a195  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Peters,  Michael.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aMy  dissertation  examines  interactions  between  recent  macroeconomic  trends  in  the  labor  market,  including  technological  change  and  structural  transformation,  and  changes  in  female  labor  supply.  In  Chapter  1,  I  investigate  the  role  of  factors  affecting  female  labor  supply,  such  as  social  norms  and  discrimination,    in  the  decline  of  routine  jobs  in  the  U.S.  since  the  1970's.  While  typically  attributed  to  changes  in  labor  demand,  the  decline  in  routine  employment  has  been  larger  for  women  than  men,  reflecting  a  shift  of  female  employment  out  of  routine  clerical  jobs  and  into  non-routine  professions.  This  paper  presents  a  quantitative  analysis  of  the  impact  of  falling  labor  market  distortions  faced  by  women  in  explaining  the  trend.  One  observable  manifestation  of  these  falling  distortions  is  the  Quiet  Revolution,  which  refers  to  a  shift  in  women's  life  cycle  labor  force  attachment  from  intermittent  to  continuous  after  1970;  it  spurred  the  rise  of  female  non-routine  employment  because  these  are  long-term  careers  that  reward  experience.  I  develop  and  calibrate  an  equilibrium  model  of  the  labor  market  featuring  the  Quiet  Revolution,  discrimination,  and  improvement  in  automation.  Counterfactual  analyses  reveal  that  the  Quiet  Revolution  and  reduced  discrimination  explain  21%  and  59%,  respectively,  of  the  growth  of  non-routine  relative  to  routine  white-collar  employment  among  women  between  1970  and  2000.  Together,  they  explain  36%  of  the  aggregate  increase,  while  automation  explains  56%.  Finally,  the  Quiet  Revolution  raised  output  per  worker  by  3%  via  increased  female  experience.  Chapter  2  (co-authored  with  Michael  Peters,  Pamela  Torola,  and  Fabrizio  Zilibotti)  is  motivated  by  the  fact  that  despite  a  tripling  of  India's  GDP  per  capita  between  1987  and  2019,  coindicing  with  rapid  urbanization,    female  labor  force  participation  (FLFP)  actually  declined.  Consistent  with  this  observation,  we  document  a  pronounced  urban-rural  participation  gap,  where  FLFP  is  higher  in  poorer,  rural  labor  markets.  Using  time-use  data,  we  show  that  this  is  primarily  driven  by  an  extensive  margin:  in  rural  districts,  women  often  engage  in  part-time  activities,  typically  related  to  agriculture  and  informal  family  businesses.  These  activities  are  less  common  in  urban  areas,  where  some  women  take  formal  jobs,  but  a  larger  share  withdraws  from  the  labor  market  to  focus  on  home  production.  We  propose  and  estimate  a  model  of  household  labor  supply  that  aligns  with  these  trends.  The  main  drivers  of  the  urban-rural  participation  gap  are  higher  spousal  incomes  in  cities,  which  reduce  the  marginal  utility  of  female  labor,  and  labor  market  distortions  that  depress  women's  urban  wages  below  their  marginal  product.  Counterfactual  simulations  show  that  economic  growth  is  unlikely  to  provide  a  sharp  reversal  of  this  trend  in  future  decades  unless  it  is  accompanied  by  changes  in  gender  norms  and  labor  market  institutions.Chapter  3  (co-authored  with  Paula  Calvo  and  Ilse  Lindenlaub)  documents  novel  findings  on  the  relationship  between  marriage  market  sorting  and  intra-household  decision-making  on  consumption  and  labor  supply  using  data  from  a  new  survey  we  designed  for  the  German  Socio-Economic  Panel.  First,  we  find  that  households  tend  to  allocate  more  private  consumption  to  the  female  partner  when  she  is  at  least  as  educated  as  the  male  partner.  Second,  while  women  are  in  general  more  likely  to  experience  career  disruptions  at  the  time  of  childbearing  (over  50%  of  women  do,  vs.  only  5%  of  men),  women  are  significantly  less  likely  to  experience  a  disruption  when  they  are  more  educated  than  their  male  partners.  The  data  allow  us  to  document  a  novel  link  between  both  outcomes:  women  with  a  higher  labor  market  attachment  after  having  children  are  also  more  likely  to  benefit  from  a  higher  share  of  household  resources,  even  years  later.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■653    ▼aLabor  market
■653    ▼aFemale  labor  force  participation
■653    ▼aQuiet  Revolution
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0635
■71020▼aYale  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12A.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356725▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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